CN216491171U - Magnetic enhanced microwave plasma assisted chemical reaction system of coupled high-frequency igniter - Google Patents
Magnetic enhanced microwave plasma assisted chemical reaction system of coupled high-frequency igniter Download PDFInfo
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- CN216491171U CN216491171U CN202122287399.4U CN202122287399U CN216491171U CN 216491171 U CN216491171 U CN 216491171U CN 202122287399 U CN202122287399 U CN 202122287399U CN 216491171 U CN216491171 U CN 216491171U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system of a coupled high-frequency igniter, which comprises: the device comprises a gradual change waveguide (1), a high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2), a sliding arc module (3), an upper microwave adapter (4), a magnet system (5), an upper cavity body (6), a medium tube outer cooling tube (7), a lower sealing ring (8), a cooling rotary ring (9), an upper sealing ring (10), a top end sealing plate (11), a lower cavity body (12) and a bottom baffle (13). The gradual change waveguide (1) comprises a rectangular part, a gradual change part and a top end part, the high-temperature resistant medium tube (2) penetrates through the middle area of the top end part, and the sliding arc module (3) is placed at the top of the high-temperature resistant medium tube (2). The high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) penetrates through the gradient waveguide (1) and then penetrates through the lower cavity (12) downwards; the magnet system (5) is fixed between the lower cavity (12) and the gradual change waveguide (1), the ionization rate of the microwave plasma is improved by utilizing the magnetic field, and the efficiency of the microwave plasma for assisting a chemical reaction system is further enhanced, and the enhancement effect specifically comprises the assistance of fuel combustion or the enhancement effect of nitrogen oxide generation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of research of plasma physics and applied science, and particularly relates to a magnetically enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system of a coupled high-frequency igniter, such as a plasma-assisted combustion system and a nitrogen fixation system.
Background
The method for preparing ammonia by utilizing renewable energy is an important measure for solving the bottleneck of hydrogen storage and transportation. The technical route for utilizing the ammonia energy fuel by replacing carbon-containing fossil energy with green hydrogen/ammonia is characterized in that ammonia is used as a hydrogen storage energy storage medium, a mature ammonia storage and transportation network is used, and coal-electricity ammonia-doped combustion is adopted for carbon reduction or mixed gas is adopted for power generation in terminal application, so that the goals of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization are gradually achieved. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia has the advantages of large energy density, easy liquefaction, easy storage and transportation, slightly lower heat value, higher octane number and good anti-explosion performance compared with gasoline, but the ignition point of ammonia is high, and the mixed gas can be ensured to be ignited only by higher compression ratio or external ignition triggering during use. Document 1 (world, research on ammonia combustion, report of electrical engineering in china, 2021) describes a measure for enhancing the combustion characteristics of ammonia by using hydrocarbon fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, and diesel, for example, the laminar flame speed when the ammonia is combusted in air when the hydrogen is 40% is equivalent to methane, but this method needs to add another fuel, so that the use of the method is limited to a certain extent. Another method for improving the flame speed of the ammonia layer flow is oxygen-enriched combustion, the flame propagation speed of the ammonia in pure oxygen reaches 1.09 m/s, and the flame thickness is only 0.2 mm. At an oxygen concentration of 30%, the laminar flame velocity can reach 38.6cm/s, mainly because the increase of the oxygen concentration increases the reaction rate of hydroxyl, hydrogen, oxygen and amino in the reaction zone, but this method needs oxygen enrichment treatment of natural air.
The plasma is an aggregate of neutral particles and charged particles, and is an ionized gas that is macroscopically electrically neutral. In the plasma, the reactant is excited to generate heat, electrons, long-life intermediate components, active free radicals, excited molecules, fuel fragments, ion wind, coulomb force and Lorentz force, and meanwhile, ammonia can be decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen in the plasma atmosphere, so that the combustion of the ammonia is facilitated. The microwave plasma igniter has larger plasma wing volume and ignition speed, and is further beneficial to ignition and combustion supporting, so that the chemical reaction rate is greatly improved, the ignition delay time is greatly shortened, and the combustion efficiency is improved. Through analysis, the microwave and microwave plasma combustion-supporting technology has very obvious cost performance in terms of improvement effect and required cost of various technologies. In the soviet union as early as 80 years, a plurality of power plants use inferior coal to generate electricity, so that the problem of effective self-sustaining combustion exists, the problem of ignition and combustion stability can be solved by using fuel oil, and although the equivalent combustion heat of coal is improved by 40%, the coal has high cost, difficulty in storing fuel oil and the like. To solve this problem, plasma technology has been proposed and proven effective, this improvement benefiting from further pulverization of the coal dust by the plasma, generation of free radicals, and acceleration of the chemical reactions of oxidation of the coal dust. At the same time, experiments also show another important advantage of plasma technology: the relatively low temperature ignition process results in a reduction in NOx production at this stage. CN202011331827, CN202110327362, CN202110287430, etc. respectively propose to use plasma to treat ammonia fuel, enter an internal combustion engine, a jet engine and a boiler for combustion, and generate plasma in the internal combustion engine, the jet engine and the boiler for auxiliary combustion, the main technologies adopted include pre-combustion cracking of ammonia fuel, local ignition combustion supporting in the engine and plasma pre-activation of air, the utilization rate of the generated plasma is not high and limited, for example, the pre-combustion cracking of ammonia fuel mainly focuses on the thermal decomposition of ammonia fuel (the electronic effect is small); air plasma activation mainly utilizesLong life free radical O3And hydroxyl groups with stronger oxidizability, oxygen atoms and the like cannot play a role, so that the utilization efficiency of plasma is low, the energy consumption is high, and the chemical reaction is incomplete.
In another area, ammonia is a large chemical product with annual synthetic ammonia production in the world reaching over 18 million tons, 80% of which is used to make fertilizers, the remainder being used primarily to make explosives and various chemical fibers and plastics. Currently, the mainstream method for synthesizing ammonia is an HB method using nitrogen and hydrogen, but the HB method requires high temperature, high pressure and a catalyst, and also consumes a large amount of secondary energy such as electricity and steam in the whole production process, so that the energy consumption accounts for about 3% of the world energy consumption, and a large amount of wastewater, waste gas and waste residues are discharged in the production process. Biological nitrogen fixation is a special physiological function of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, but the yield is limited, and most of the nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are still in a theoretical stage. Shigeyuki Thnaka et al, university of Aoyama Gakuin dissociates and excites nitrogen and hydrogen with radio frequency and microwave plasma, combines to generate ammonia under the catalytic action of iron wire coils, and has low efficiency and high energy consumption. Duy Khoe Dinh et al use sliding arc in combination with dielectric barrier discharge to fix nitrogen, and the energy consumption of nitrate radical products is 8MJ/mol, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the mature HB method.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the defects of the two chemical reactions, the utility model provides the magnetic enhanced microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system of the coupled high-frequency igniter, and the system can ensure that the fuel (such as coal or ammonia gas) which is difficult to burn is more fully burnt, the pollutant emission is less, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are realized; the nitrogen oxidation degree can be improved, the nitrogen fixation efficiency is improved, and the cost of rear end utilization is reduced. The utility model has the outstanding characteristics that the stability of the microwave plasma is improved by combining the functions of the high-frequency igniter and the gradual change waveguide, the ionization rate of the microwave plasma is improved by utilizing the magnetic field, the efficiency of the microwave plasma for assisting a chemical reaction system is further enhanced, particularly the enhancement effect of fuel combustion assistance and nitrogen oxide generation is included, and the microwave plasma is allowed to operate in higher air pressure and gas flow.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a magnetically enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system coupled to a high frequency igniter, the system comprising: the device comprises a gradual change waveguide, a high-temperature-resistant medium tube, a sliding arc module, an upper microwave adapter, a magnet system, an upper cavity, a medium tube outer cooling tube, an upper sealing ring, a cooling rotary ring, a lower sealing ring, a top end sealing plate, a lower cavity and a bottom baffle plate; the gradual change waveguide comprises a rectangular part, a gradual change part and a top part, the high-temperature-resistant medium tube penetrates through the middle area of the top part, the sliding arc module is placed at the top of the high-temperature-resistant medium tube, the high-temperature-resistant medium tube is fixed on the gradual change waveguide through upper microwave switching, an upper cavity, a lower sealing ring and an upper sealing ring, a microwave plasma reaction cavity is formed, and the sliding arc module, the lower sealing ring and the upper sealing ring are positioned in the upper cavity; a cooling rotary ring is arranged outside the upper microwave adapter, and the high-temperature-resistant medium tube penetrates through the gradient waveguide and then downwards penetrates through the lower cavity; the bottom baffle and the bottom end sealing plate are fixed at the lower end of the lower cavity and fixed at the bottom of the high-temperature-resistant medium tube through the sealing ring, the cooling tube outside the medium tube is arranged outside the high-temperature-resistant medium tube and in the middle area of the top end part so as to cool thermal shock to the high-temperature-resistant medium tube when plasma is generated, and the magnet system is fixed between the lower cavity and the rectangular waveguide.
Further, the high-temperature-resistant medium tube is formed by firing any one of 99 ceramics, 95 ceramics, quartz, boron nitride and silicon nitride materials.
Furthermore, the high-temperature-resistant medium tube is a quartz tube.
Further, the magnet system comprises a magnet direct current power supply and a magnet coil, wherein the magnet direct current power supply is used for generating exciting current required by a magnetic field of the magnet coil, and the magnet coil is used for generating the magnetic field required by the system.
Furthermore, the tapered waveguide is of a single-end narrowing structure, or a double-side narrowing structure, or an E-H cross structure.
Further, the system also comprises a short-circuit piston which is closely connected with the rear end of the gradual change waveguide.
Further, the system also comprises a microwave power supply for supplying power to the gradual change waveguide, wherein the frequency of the microwave power supply is 2.45GHz, 915MHz, or a single frequency point in 1GHz-10GHz or a microwave frequency section with a certain bandwidth.
Further, the working pressure of the magnetic enhanced microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system is 10Pa to 10000Pa, normal pressure or over normal pressure, and the normal pressure is 1atm, and 1atm < over normal pressure <10 atm.
The chemical reaction system refers to a fixed reaction of certain elements, such as nitrogen fixation reaction, or a reaction for providing heat energy by burning fuel, such as natural gas, ammonia, hydrogen, ethane, propane, coal, steam/diesel oil and the like.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
the utility model uses high frequency igniter such as sliding arc module to couple microwave energy at normal pressure or high pressure (1-10atm) to form microwave plasma by using microwave local enhancement technique, high pressure discharge breakdown technique, etc.; or the medium-high pressure microwave plasma jet flow is directly obtained in a vacuum state of the system, the structure and the position of an electrode do not need to be adjusted, conductive liquid does not need to be used, an igniter or additional pre-ionization equipment does not need to be used, and the discharge plasma is gradually transited from a glow working mode to an arc discharge mode by gradually adjusting the working pressure and the discharge power after the arc is started. Different functions and functions of the plasma are realized by adjusting the discharge pressure or discharge power or working gas types in the discharge cavity. The device to which the utility model relates will perform a number of functions: (1) the principle of the plasma-assisted combustion of the fuels which are difficult to burn, such as coal, ammonia and the like, is that a large amount of electrons, ions, active free radicals and the like generated by microwave plasma are utilized, and the active free radicals, such as oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups and the like, greatly promote the combustion performance of the fuels, such as coal, ammonia and the like; (2) the thermal action and particle action of the nitrogen and oxygen in the plasma promote the dissociation of nitrogen and the generation of high-activity particles such as oxygen atoms, and promote the generation of nitrogen oxides and nitrogen fixation efficiency.
Most importantly, the system is coupled with a magnetic field system, so that the positive influence of a magnetic field on plasma is increased, particularly, under the condition of satisfying the electron cyclotron resonance frequency (matching magnetic field intensity with microwave frequency), electromagnetic energy carried by microwaves is continuously absorbed in the electron cyclotron motion process under the action of the magnetic field, the electron energy is improved, the chemical processes caused by electron collision, such as a combustion process and a nitrogen/oxygen chemical reaction process, are increased, the gas dissociation rate and the electron density are improved, the concentration of active groups such as N, O, OH, NOx and the like is further improved, and the concentration of the active groups can be adjusted through power and nitrogen/oxygen/fuel ratio.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the system directly obtains medium-high pressure microwave plasma jet flow in a vacuum state, does not need to adjust the structure and the position of an electrode, does not need to use conductive liquid, does not need an igniter or additional pre-ionization equipment, and gradually transits the discharge plasma from a glow working mode to an arc discharge mode by gradually adjusting the working pressure and the discharge power after starting the arc; meanwhile, a microwave local enhancement technology, a high-pressure discharge breakdown technology and the like are combined, a high-frequency igniter is used for coupling microwave energy at normal pressure or high pressure (1-10atm) to form microwave plasma, and different functions and functions of the plasma are realized by adjusting discharge pressure or discharge power or working gas types in a discharge cavity. The system related by the utility model is beneficial to the high-efficiency combustion and utilization of difficult-to-combust fuels such as ammonia or coal dust by using the magnetic enhanced microwave plasma technology; meanwhile, the system can fully utilize the electron cyclotron collision under the action of a magnetic field to generate higher electron energy, obtain higher active particles, and increase the nitrogen fixation efficiency by combining the DBD ozone generator technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a magnetically enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system of a coupled high frequency igniter provided in accordance with the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetically enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system coupled to a high-frequency igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the system including: the microwave oven comprises a gradual change waveguide 1, a high temperature resistant medium tube 2, a sliding arc module 3, an upper microwave adapter 4, a magnet system 5, an upper cavity 6, a medium tube outer cooling tube 7, an upper sealing ring 10, a cooling rotary ring 9, a lower sealing ring 8, a top sealing plate 11, a lower cavity 12 and a bottom baffle 13.
The gradual change waveguide 1 comprises a rectangular part, a gradual change part and a top part, the high temperature resistant medium tube 2 penetrates through the middle area of the top part, the sliding arc module 3 is placed at the top of the high temperature resistant medium tube 2, the high temperature resistant medium tube 2 is fixed on the gradual change waveguide 1 through an upper microwave adapter 4, an upper cavity 6, a lower sealing ring 8 and an upper sealing ring 10, a microwave plasma reaction cavity is formed, and the sliding arc module 3, the lower sealing ring 8 and the upper sealing ring 10 are positioned in the upper cavity 6; a cooling rotary ring 9 is arranged outside the upper microwave adapter 4, and the high-temperature-resistant medium tube 2 passes through the lower cavity 12 after passing through the gradual change waveguide 1; the bottom baffle 13 and the top end sealing plate 11 are fixed at the lower end of the lower cavity 12 and fixed at the bottom of the high-temperature-resistant medium tube 2 through a sealing ring, the medium tube outer cooling tube 7 is arranged outside the high-temperature-resistant medium tube 2 and in the middle area of the top end part to cool thermal shock to the high-temperature-resistant medium tube 2 when plasma is generated, and the magnet system 5 is fixed between the lower cavity 12 and the gradual change waveguide 1.
The high-temperature-resistant medium pipe 2 is a quartz pipe.
The magnet system comprises a magnet direct current power supply and a magnet coil, wherein the magnet direct current power supply is used for generating exciting current required by a magnetic field of the magnet coil, and the magnet coil is used for generating the magnetic field required by the system.
The tapered waveguide 1 is a single-end narrowing structure.
The system also comprises a short-circuiting piston which is tightly connected to the rear end of the tapered waveguide 1.
The microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system also comprises a microwave power supply, wherein the microwave power supply is used for providing microwaves for the microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system, the microwaves are transmitted to the reaction system through the gradual change waveguide, and the frequency of the microwave power supply is 2.45GHz, 915MHz, or a single frequency point in 1GHz-10GHz or a microwave frequency section with a certain bandwidth.
The working pressure of the magnetic enhanced microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system is 10Pa to 10000Pa, and the working pressure is normal pressure or over normal pressure, and the normal pressure is 1atm, and 1atm is over normal pressure and 10 atm.
The working process of the utility model is as follows: electromagnetic waves are irradiated to the high-temperature-resistant medium tube 2 through the gradient waveguide 1, a gas medium passing through the excitation medium tube is generated in the high-temperature-resistant medium tube 2, the gas medium is pre-ionized through the sliding arc module 3, meanwhile, the electromagnetic waves are absorbed, the ionization degree is further improved, high-density plasma is formed, and the plasma is beneficial to efficient combustion and utilization of ammonia or pulverized coal and other difficult-to-burn fuels.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A magnetic enhanced microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system of a coupling high-frequency igniter is characterized in that,
the system comprises: the device comprises a gradual change waveguide (1), a high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2), a sliding arc module (3), an upper microwave adapter (4), a magnet system (5), an upper cavity body (6), a medium tube outer cooling tube (7), a lower sealing ring (8), a cooling rotary ring (9), an upper sealing ring (10), a top end sealing plate (11), a lower cavity body (12) and a bottom baffle plate (13);
the gradual change waveguide (1) comprises a rectangular part, a gradual change part and a top part, the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) penetrates through the middle area of the top part, the sliding arc module (3) is placed at the top of the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2), the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) is fixed on the gradual change waveguide (1) through an upper microwave adapter (4), an upper cavity (6), a lower sealing ring (8) and an upper sealing ring (10) to form a microwave plasma reaction cavity, and the sliding arc module (3), the lower sealing ring (8) and the upper sealing ring (10) are positioned in the upper cavity (6); a cooling rotary ring (9) is arranged outside the upper microwave adapter (4), and the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) penetrates through the lower cavity (12) after penetrating through the gradual change waveguide (1); the bottom baffle (13) and the top end sealing plate (11) are fixed at the lower end of the lower cavity (12) and fixed at the bottom of the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) through a sealing ring, the medium tube outer cooling tube (7) is arranged on the outer side of the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) and is arranged in the middle area of the top end part to cool thermal shock to the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) when plasma is generated, and the magnet system (5) is fixed between the lower cavity (12) and the gradual change waveguide (1).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) is formed by firing any one of 99 ceramics, 95 ceramics, quartz, boron nitride and silicon nitride materials.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the high-temperature-resistant medium tube (2) is a quartz tube.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the magnet system comprises a magnet direct-current power supply and a magnet coil, wherein the magnet direct-current power supply is used for generating exciting current required by a magnetic field of the magnet coil, and the magnet coil is used for generating the magnetic field required by the magnetically enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the gradual change waveguide (1) is of a single-end narrowing structure, or a double-side narrowing structure, or an E-H cross structure.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the system also comprises a short-circuit piston which is tightly connected with the rear end of the gradual change waveguide (1).
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the microwave power supply is used for providing microwaves for the magnetically enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system, the microwaves are transmitted to the reaction system through the gradual change waveguide, and the frequency of the microwave power supply is 2.45GHz, 915MHz, or a single frequency point in 1GHz-10GHz or a microwave frequency section with a certain bandwidth.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the high frequency igniter is coupled to a magnetic enhanced microwave plasma-assisted chemical reaction system,
the working pressure of the magnetic enhanced microwave plasma auxiliary chemical reaction system is 10Pa to 10000Pa, and the working pressure is normal pressure or over normal pressure, and the normal pressure is 1atm, and 1atm is over normal pressure and 10 atm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122287399.4U CN216491171U (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Magnetic enhanced microwave plasma assisted chemical reaction system of coupled high-frequency igniter |
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| CN202122287399.4U CN216491171U (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Magnetic enhanced microwave plasma assisted chemical reaction system of coupled high-frequency igniter |
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| CN202122287399.4U Active CN216491171U (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Magnetic enhanced microwave plasma assisted chemical reaction system of coupled high-frequency igniter |
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