RU2038722C1 - Method for cultivation of potato in rows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: soil is sown in advance with loosening culture, for example sweetclover, whose stalks are then cut down and left on soil surface in the capacity of mulch. In spring, slots are cut at 140-150-cm spacings and covered with trash. Then fertilizers are placed in one pass of a machine along the center of interslot space and rows of holes are cut in the zone between said slots. Tubers are planted into the holes and M-shaped beds are formed. During the subsequent management of potato the surface of beds is loosened and covered with soil to form an oval profile, inclining the plant stalks towards the bed center. Ten days before harvesting, potato roots are undercut by a cutter positioned below the formation zone of tubers. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of potatoes.

 In modern agriculture, intensive farming uses a tramline that develops elements of bridge technology, for example, cutting guide slots and strip tillage in Astrakhan industrial technology. Planting and processing of tubers is carried out in the strip between the cracks.

 However, when using elements of intensive and industrial farming, often soil compaction is not ruled out, the requirements of its biologization are not taken into account, niches for biota, for example, earthworms, are not created.

 The closest technical solution is the ridge method of potato cultivation, including the planting of tubers in preformed ridges formed by moving soil from the zone between the ridges to the ridge zones, with a base on a track of energy means 1.4 or 1.8 m, and the soil in the zone ridges are separated into small and large lumps, destroying the latter, while leaving and cleaning they preserve the initial profile of the ridge.

 However, the known method has the following disadvantages. An energy-intensive method of mechanical separation and grinding of large soil lumps is used. Structuring activity is not used as annual and perennial plants, the precursor of potatoes, as well as the most significant earthworms and other invertebrates. In the known method, elements of industrialization, i.e. the distance between the furrows of 1.4-1.8 m is equal to the track width of the energy tool, the cracks and furrows are not supporting and guiding. At the same time, in world practice, the universal base of the width of the ridge at the base of 1.5 m is more and more clearly defined, which makes it possible to rationally use the land. In general, the known method leads to a significant destruction of the structure and a decrease in soil fertility, stronger oxidation of humus, does not use all the possibilities of industrialization, and ignores the biologization of agriculture.

 The purpose of the proposed potato-growing mulching technology is to increase the yield and quality of potatoes by creating conditions for the life of biota and the application of elements of industrialization of agriculture.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the well-known ridge method of cultivating potatoes, including planting tubers in ridges formed by moving, separated, crushed soil from the zone between the ridges to the ridge zone and caring for planting, before planting tubers, the field is sowed with loosening crops, such as sweet clover, in this case, the mulch cover, and then form a hidden ridge by cutting slots at a distance of 140-150 mm, after which, simultaneously with planting potatoes in tapes along the edge of the ridge, fertilizers are introduced in the center of the ridge simultaneously moving the soil of the slots area in the ridge zone, wherein the latent transforming ridge in the open M-shaped ridge, and for planting care performed by repeatedly moving from the soil zone slits in the ridge zone, wherein a decade before harvesting tubers roots pruned bracket.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype indicates that the claimed solution is characterized in that the planting of potatoes is carried out simultaneously with the conversion from a hidden ridge to an M-shaped. During the processing of plantings, an oval ridge is gradually formed by moving the soil from the zone of a gradually deepening gap to the ridge zone, while the cracks turn into furrows, the distance between which is determined by a value of 150 cm. Instead of mechanical separation of lumps, biological soil structuring is used in a special crop rotation and additionally biota, primarily earthworms, actively working in the biota zone under the mulch localized inside the open ridge.

 Additional loosening of the soil before harvesting is done by cutting the roots with a bracket below the tuberization zone. Placing fertilizers in the center of the ridge optimizes plant nutrition. Moreover, in the open ridge, in addition to the tuberization zone, the biota zone, humidification zones, undisturbed zones, fertilizer zones, aeration zones, etc. are created.

 Thus, the claimed method to a greater extent takes into account and uses natural factors, biological features of the culture and soil, new elements of industrialization.

 Currently, the proposed technology has laid production experience on 5 hectares.

 In FIG. 1, a hidden ridge 1 is shown, formed by slitting a slit 2. The inter-slit space is made in the range of 150 cm. At this position, the localization of mulch horizontal 3, on the soil surface and vertical 4 along the cracks is visible.

 In FIG. 2 shows an open M-shaped ridge 5 with elements of its building up into an oval ridge 6 due to soil from a deepening and expanding furrow 7. This position also shows holes 8 cut under the ridger bed. Undisturbed zone 9, zones of biota 10, moistening 11, aeration 12, fertilizer 13, tuberization 14 are identified here.

 In FIG. 3 shows a bracket 15 for cutting the roots of potatoes and soil.

 The proposed bedding technology of potato production is implemented as follows.

 The soil is sown with a loosening crop (sweet clover), after which the stubble remains in the field, plant residues for fertilizing and mulching the soil.

 In the spring, in the previous fields with clover, slit 2 is cut and covered with plant residues 2 with a distance of 140-150 cm using disks, forming a hidden ridge (if the bottom of the slit is considered to be zero). Thus, the mulch is distributed both horizontally 3 along the soil surface and vertical 4 along the cracks. The mulch and crevice (furrow) create the prerequisites for conducting bio-industrial farming and creating a microagrolandscape.

 Then, simultaneously with cutting holes 8 and applying fertilizers into the fertilizer zone 13, potatoes are planted and an open M-shaped ridge 5 is formed from the hidden bed 1. This is carried out as follows. A frontally mounted ridger that runs along the slots removes the soil layer and places tubers in holes 8, cut under the ridger blade, with it. Moreover, the tubers are laid on a relatively dense bed, with undisturbed capillarity, which ensures a stable flow of moisture to them. Moreover, in the center of the ridge, fertilizer is introduced into the zone 13 by the opener of the anchor type. Fertilizers due to a hollow in the center of the ridge (humidification zone 11) quickly dissolve and form zones of various concentrations of nutrients, but not reaching the tuber, since the lateral distribution of nutrients does not exceed 25 cm, and the tubers are planted at a distance of 30 cm from the fertilizer applied. Mulch localized near the tuber, in addition to providing additional aeration, can intercept part of the nutrients and temporarily accumulate, increasing their prolonged action.

 Zone 10 of biota is formed in the ridge, earthworms are accumulating, producing vermicompost, structuring the soil, and also contributing to the production of environmentally friendly healthy products.

 In the central part of the ridge, undisturbed zones of soil 9 are formed, which, in combination with horizontal and vertical mulch, optimize the water regime in conditions of inadequate and excessive moisture.

 The groove formed on the basis of the slit, also gradually deepening, serves not only as the supporting and guiding basis for industrial cultivation of crops, but also enhances the "greenhouse effect" of increased carbon dioxide concentration due to more intensive air exchange between the soil and the surface layer of air.

 The air exchange is also enhanced by mechanical loosening, soil transfer from the furrow to the ridge, thus forming an aeration zone 12.

 As planting cares, the unit, moving along the guide slots, moves part of the soil from the slit zone to the ridge, gradually increasing the M-shaped ridge to the oval ridge 6. By adding soil when caring for the plants and building the ridge, weeds are destroyed in the furrow and they are covered in the ridge . Thanks to the powders, the plants tilt toward the center of the ridge, thereby reducing the accumulation of infections, and stimulate root growth and the formation of stalones in zone 14 of tuberization. The convergence of plants in the tape contributes to the better use of heat and light.

 A decade before harvesting, the soil in an open oval ridge is cut with a special bracket 15 (on the basis of KPG-250) below the tuberization zone 14 (Fig. 3), this contributes to loosening of the soil, the formation of a strong peel on the tubers, which increases their preservation and reduces the accumulation of nitrates in tubers.

 The oval ridge does not get wet from the autumn rains, moisture rolls along deep furrows, and the tubers are placed in dry soil, which allows cleaning even in wet weather.

Claims (1)

 A NARROW METHOD FOR CULTIVATING POTATOES, including cutting slots in the spring with a distance equal to the track gauge, forming ridges by moving soil from the zone between the ridges to the ridge zone, planting tubers in rows in ridges, loosening the surface of the ridges during planting care, and harvesting, characterized in that the soil under potatoes is pre-sown with a loosening crop, such as sweet clover, followed by cutting stems and leaving plant debris as mulch on the soil surface, and when cutting gaps with a distance m 140 150 cm they are also covered with plant residues, then fertilizers are applied to the center of the inter-crevice space in one pass of the unit, rows of holes are cut on the soil surface in the area between the cracks, tubers are planted in them and an M-shaped ridge is formed, and in the process of caring for by planting, soil is added, gradually increasing and giving an M-shaped ridge an oval profile, the plant stems are inclined to the center of the ridge, and a decade before harvesting, the roots are trimmed with a bracket located below the tuberization zone.

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