RU2033049C1 - Universal device to cultivate vermiculture in a garden to produce biohumus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: device has rack-type vertical stands with slots to fasten side edges of boxes. A tray is installed horizontally between sleeves and stands. Racking sleeves are put onto lower and upper cross-beams. Handles to shake biohumus when sieving are installed on vertical racks. Boxes with edges are filled with finished substrate and installed in slots of the rack stands are placed a proper distance apart from each other, and then, for example, the lower box is populated with worms. The worms eat the substrate, put off cocoons, and go from the bottom upwards in the box. When completely processing substrate into biohumus it should be sieved, the worms should be separated from cocoons and biohumus. The process to separate worms is carried out in sieves/boxes with cells of various size. EFFECT: complete processing the substrate. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture.

 To preserve and restore the fertility of agricultural land soils, vermiculture is used to artificially breed specially bred earthworms and the product of processing organic waste with them to produce high-quality environmentally friendly organic fertilizer "Biohumus".

 Due to its structure and high content of humic substances, as well as a large number of beneficial microorganisms, vermicompost allows you to restore the soil biocenosis, increase the yield of almost all types of plants, and improve the taste of fruits and vegetables grown with its use.

 The worms themselves have high feed qualities, as their body contains a lot of protein (65%) and a number of valuable biologically active substances.

 It is known that in countries with mild climatic conditions (Italy, France, Hungary, Poland, etc.), vermiculture is kept in open ridges, where a substrate (a mixture of organic waste from various types of manure) is laid on specially prepared sites and populated with worms, who eat this substrate and produce biohumus (Gorodniy N.M. Melnik I.A. Povhan M.F. et al. Bioconversion of organic waste in a biodynamic economy. Kiev, Urozhay, 1990, pp. 25-58). However, these sites are ineffective.

 A device is known that contains modules (French patent N 2561869, class A 01 K 67/00, 1985) in the form of a cuvette (box) located at an angle α, which allows the upper cuvette to fall into the lower one as the volume of substrate in the lower box decreases. .

 Thus, the worms contained in a stack of boxes occupy a smaller production area for growing vermiculture in rooms with an artificial climate, where biohumus is produced around the clock.

 However, this method has a number of significant disadvantages: low aeration of the substrate due to the compaction of vermicompost with a stack of boxes, the lack of separation of worms and cocoons and sifting of vermicompost into fractions.

 The invention provides for the separation of worms, cocoons and sieving vermicompost into fractions.

 To do this, the proposed device is equipped with a rack mounted on a pair of trapezoidal swings, the upper and lower crossbars of the swing connected to the rack vertical racks with slots in height for mounting the side edges of the drawers, and a pallet is installed horizontally between the couplings and walls, above which the rack is located with a set of boxes with holes in the base, and another set is made in the form of sieves with mesh sizes 15; 5; 2; 1; 0.5 and 0.3 mm.

Moreover, in the summer rack is open and winter perimeter swings with its outer side insulated to maintain the temperature above 1 ^C.

 The raw materials for growing vermiculture (worms) can be manure, litter, the organic part of household garbage and waste, sewage sludge, plant residues and waste (straw, dry hay, leaves, tops, spoiled vegetables and fruits, sawdust and wood shavings). However, it should be borne in mind that the value of the product depends on the composition and quality of the feed substrate, top dressing, therefore, the waste vermicomposting technology provides for its treatment: temporary exposure (fermentation) in ridges or ridges, periodic sprinkling and removal of excess heat and gases.

 For the widespread use of worms, it is necessary to provide them not only with high-quality nutrition, but also to create certain living conditions for them.

 In the proposed device, the cultivation of vermiculture is carried out in a substrate laid in boxes with a height of more than 0.15 m, and aeration is carried out through the openings of the bottom of the boxes, and watering the substrate with worms manually or a shower from the water supply.

 The content of vermiculture on suspended shelving-boxes allows you to create ideal conditions for the life of vermiculture (worms) with the regulation of aeration, humidity, temperature and density of vermiculture families per unit volume, which is no less important for optimizing production. As the number of worms increases (with the advent of young ones), the worms are separated by moving them from one box to another through the openings of the bottom of the box filled with fresh substrate (feed). Separation can be carried out directly at the installation using sieves with cells of 15 and 5 mm, and the separation of cocoons from biohumus is usually carried out on 2 mm sieves.

 Such a technical solution allows to intensify the process of processing waste on a personal plot (farm) while maintaining an environmentally friendly atmosphere in horticulture and obtaining a quality biohumus without nitrates.

 Figure 1 shows a diagram of a universal device; figure 2 box, front view; figure 3 rack with boxes and compost.

 The device contains vertical rack racks 1 with slots 2 for fastening the lateral edges of 3 drawers 4, and a pallet 6 is installed horizontally between the couplings 5 and racks 1. The rolling clutches 5 and 7 are mounted on the lower and upper rails 8 and 9. The trapezoidal swings are interconnected vertical and horizontal metal rods 10 (pipes). On the vertical rods 10 are mounted handles 11 for conducting a reciprocating oscillation of shaking the rack. The keystone of the swing provides horizontal rack movement.

 The device operates as follows.

 Boxes 4 with edges 3 are filled with the finished substrate and installed in the slots 2 of the rack racks 1 at a certain distance from each other, and then populated, for example, the bottom box 4 with vermiculture (worms). Worms eat the substrate, pass it through themselves and turn it into vermicompost, while cocoons are laid in vermicompost and move from bottom to top. After eating the substrate, the worms are transferred through openings to the higher box 4. Then, when the bottom of the upper box comes in contact with the biohumos of the lower worms, they switch to fresh food from the substrate of the box. You can populate not only one bottom box with 7 worms, but all at once or through one I will lower it up. Vital activity of worms in the substrate occurs when its moisture content is 70-80% i.e. the substrate is watered with water to maintain such moisture manually or from the water supply. After all the boxes are filled with vermicompost, they are removed from the rack and in their place they are installed box sieves (not shown in the drawing) with a cell diameter from top to bottom 15; 5; 2; 1; 0.5 or 0.3 mm, while vermicompost with worms and cocoons is sent to the upper sieve box. Holding the handles 11, which are attached to the vertical rods 10, we begin to produce a reciprocating oscillation of the rack due to the rotation of the clutch, mounted on the crossbar. With an increase in the oscillation frequency, intensive screening of worms, cocoons, and vermicompost occurs in fractions.

 On the upper sieve, worms with lumps of underfed substrate are delayed, on a sieve with 2 mm cells, cocoons with a substrate are delayed, and on all the others and in pan 6 there is a substrate of the fraction of sieve cells.

 Worms with an undernourished substrate are repopulated in boxes or sent to feed birds. The sifting time of one box with biohumus lasts for 3-4 minutes. Cocoons with vermicompost are sent to the incubator or colonized in boxes 4 with the substrate. The remaining sieve boxes with biohumus are taken out and poured into the bunkers by fractions. After releasing the sieve boxes from the vermicompost, they are again placed in the racks of rack 1 and the vermicompost with worms and cocoons of the second drawer 4 is sifted, and the sifting cycle is repeated again.

 Sifting of vermicompost must be carried out with a mass of one box due to the fact that there would be no injury or damage to the worms from lumps of the substrate during sifting of vermicompost. When sifting vermicompost should have a moisture content of 50-60% so that there is no lump formation during sifting.

 Vermicompost products are used primarily in the cultivation of seedlings and vegetables in greenhouses, as well as in gardening, floriculture, horticulture and landscaping. Other products of vermicultivation biomass finds its application as live feed or as feed flour in animal husbandry, poultry farming, fur farming and fishing.

Claims (2)

 1. A UNIVERSAL DEVICE FOR GROWING VERMICULTURE IN A GARDEN AREA WITH PRODUCING BIOGUMUS, containing drawers installed on the rack, at the base of which holes are made, and the side walls are made at an obtuse angle to the bottom, characterized in that it is equipped with a paired swing, which is equipped with a paired swing. and a pallet, while the lower crossbars of the swing are pivotally connected to the rack vertical racks, made with slots in height for mounting the side edges of the drawers, and horizontally under the lower drawer set pan.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an additional set of boxes, which are made in the form of sieves with mesh sizes 15,5; 2.1; 0.5; 0.3 mm

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