RU2018120361A - Катализатор окисления - Google Patents

Катализатор окисления Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2018120361A
RU2018120361A RU2018120361A RU2018120361A RU2018120361A RU 2018120361 A RU2018120361 A RU 2018120361A RU 2018120361 A RU2018120361 A RU 2018120361A RU 2018120361 A RU2018120361 A RU 2018120361A RU 2018120361 A RU2018120361 A RU 2018120361A
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Prior art keywords
particulate filter
catalyzed particulate
exhaust system
monolithic carrier
oxidation catalyst
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RU2018120361A
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English (en)
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RU2751344C2 (ru
RU2018120361A3 (ru
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Гэвин БРАУН
Эндрю ЧИФФИ
Джонатан РЭДКЛИФФ
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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Publication of RU2018120361A3 publication Critical patent/RU2018120361A3/ru
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/10—Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Claims (32)

1. Катализированный сажевый фильтр, содержащий катализатор окисления для окисления NO в NO2 и/или окисления CO в CO2, и/или HC в CO2 и H2O, расположенный на фильтрующем монолитом носителе с проточными стенками, причем катализатор окисления содержит:
- компонент - металл платиновой группы и
- предварительно прокаленный материал носителя, содержащий смешанный оксид металлов магния-алюминия, имеющий содержание магния 15 мас. % или менее, в расчете на Mg.
2. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по п. 1, в котором предварительно прокаленный материал носителя имеет удельную поверхность 250 м2/г или менее.
3. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по п. 1 или 2, в котором смешанный оксид металлов магния-алюминия имеет содержание Mg 0,1-12 мас. %, в расчете на Mg.
4. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по п. 1, 2 или 3, в котором прокаленный материал носителя, содержащий смешанный оксид металлов магния-алюминия, содержит обедненную магнием шпинель.
5. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором пористость фильтрующего монолитного носителя с проточными стенками составляет 40% или более.
6. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором поры фильтрующего монолитного носителя с проточными стенками имеют средний диаметр в диапазоне 10-25 мкм.
7. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором фильтрующий монолитный носитель с проточными стенками содержит впускные каналы у своего впускного конца и выпускные каналы у своего выпускного конца, и в котором катализатор окисления расположен по меньшей мере на или в стенках впускных каналов.
8. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором катализатор окисления расположен на фильтрующем монолитном носителе с проточными стенками таким образом, что он проходит на 10-90% длины в осевом направлении фильтрующего монолитного носителя.
9. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором компонент - металл платиновой группы содержит платину, палладий, родий или смеси любых двух из них.
10. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором компонент - металл платиновой группы содержит смесь платины и палладия в массовом отношении Pt:Pd в диапазоне от 20:1 до 2:1.
11. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором общее содержание металла платиновой группы в катализаторе окисления находится в диапазоне 5-50 г/фут3 (177-1766 г/м3).
12. Катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором плотность покрытия из пористого оксида катализатора окисления находится в диапазоне 0,1-2,0 г/дюйм3 (0,006-0,122 г/см3).
13. Выхлопная система для двигателя внутреннего сгорания, где выхлопная система содержит катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из предшествующих пунктов.
14. Выхлопная система по п. 13, в которой катализатор окисления находится в зоне, расположенной на фильтрующем монолитном носителе с проточными стенками, причем фильтрующий монолитный носитель с проточными стенками содержит катализатор активного или пассивного селективного каталитического восстановления в зоне ниже по потоку от зоны окисления.
15. Выхлопная система по п. 13, содержащая катализатор активного или пассивного селективного каталитического восстановления на отдельном монолитном носителе ниже по потоку от катализированного сажевого фильтра.
16. Выхлопная система по п. 13, 14 или 15, в которой катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления содержит молекулярное сито и медный или железный промотор.
17. Выхлопная система по любому из пп. 13-16, содержащая инжектор для впрыскивания азотсодержащего восстановителя в выхлопные газы выше по потоку от катализатора селективного каталитического восстановления.
18. Выхлопная система по любому из пп. 13-17, содержащая отдельный монолитный носитель, содержащий дизельный катализатор окисления, выше по потоку от катализированного сажевого фильтра.
19. Выхлопная система по п. 18, в которой дизельный катализатор окисления нанесен на проточный сотовый монолитный носитель.
20. Выхлопная система по п. 13 или по любому из пп. 15-19, в которой катализатор окисления находится в зоне, расположенной на фильтрующем монолитном носителе с проточными стенками, причем фильтрующий монолитный носитель с проточными стенками содержит катализатор-ловушку обедненных NOx в зоне выше по потоку или ниже по потоку от зоны окисления.
21. Выхлопная система по любому из пп. 13-20, содержащая катализатор-ловушку обедненных NOx на отдельном монолитном носителе ниже по потоку от катализированного сажевого фильтра.
22. Транспортное средство, содержащее двигатель внутреннего сгорания и выхлопную систему по любому из пп. 13-21.
23. Способ очистки выхлопных газов двигателя внутреннего сгорания, включающий пропускание выхлопных газов через катализированный сажевый фильтр по любому из пп. 1-12.
24. Способ по п. 23, где способ включает стадию окисления NO в NO2 и/или окисления CO в CO2, и/или окисления HС в СО2 и Н2О.
25. Способ получения каталитического монолита, включающий:
- обеспечение компонента предварительно прокаленного материала носителя, содержащего смешанный оксид металлов магния-алюминия, имеющий содержание магния 15 мас. % или менее, в расчете на Mg,
- приготовление покрытия из пористого оксида, содержащего компонент - металл платиновой группы и компонент прокаленного материала носителя, и
- нанесение покрытия из пористого оксида на монолитный носитель с проточными стенками.
26. Способ по п. 25, в котором материал носителя прокаливают при температуре 700°С или выше, предпочтительно 750°С или выше, более предпочтительно 775°С или выше, и наиболее предпочтительно 800°С или выше.
27. Способ по п. 25 или 26, в котором прокаленный материал носителя имеет удельную поверхность 250 м2/г или менее.
RU2018120361A 2015-11-02 2016-10-31 Катализатор окисления RU2751344C2 (ru)

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