RU2017127988A - Получение композиционных материалов с керамической матрицей, содержащих углеродные нанотрубки и графен - Google Patents

Получение композиционных материалов с керамической матрицей, содержащих углеродные нанотрубки и графен Download PDF

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RU2017127988A
RU2017127988A RU2017127988A RU2017127988A RU2017127988A RU 2017127988 A RU2017127988 A RU 2017127988A RU 2017127988 A RU2017127988 A RU 2017127988A RU 2017127988 A RU2017127988 A RU 2017127988A RU 2017127988 A RU2017127988 A RU 2017127988A
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carbon nanotubes
graphene
mixture
ceramic matrix
silicon carbonitride
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RU2017127988A
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RU2744611C2 (ru
RU2017127988A3 (ru
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Дэниэл Джозеф БРЭЙЛИ
Джон Х. БЕЛК
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Зе Боинг Компани
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Claims (61)

1. Способ получения композиционной структуры с керамической матрицей, включающий
обеспечение смеси углеродных нанотрубок, графена и карбонитрида кремния;
нагревание смеси для связывания углеродных нанотрубок и графена; и
спекание карбонитрида кремния в смеси.
2. Способ по п. 1, дополнительно включающий
нагревание указанной смеси до первой температуры для инициирования образования химических связей между углеродными нанотрубками и графеном; и
повышение давления смеси в ходе ее нагревания при второй температуре с обеспечением спекания карбонитрида кремния в смеси при температуре ниже 1000°С.
3. Способ по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что
первая температура составляет от 750°С до 950 °С;
вторая температура выше первой температуры;
спекание карбонитрида кремния в смеси осуществляют после нагревания до первой температуры, инициирующей образование химических связей между углеродными нанотрубками и графеном; и
повышение давления смеси осуществляют в диапазоне давлений от 297 psi (примерно 2047 кПа) до 376 (примерно 2592 кПа) psi для предотвращения окисления графена и образования графита, которое в противном случае происходит при 1000 °С или более.
4. Способ по п. 2, дополнительно включающий повышение давления смеси в автоклаве, в котором на указанную смесь воздействуют по меньшей мере одним веществом, выбранным из азота, азота/аргона или NaCl, для поддержания образования химических связей между углеродными нанотрубками и графеном.
5. Способ по п. 2, дополнительно включающий
обеспечение суспензии для смеси для получения дисперсии;
перемешивание дисперсии;
разливку дисперсии в пресс-форму; и
горячее прессование пресс-формы с получением заготовки.
6. Способ по п. 5, дополнительно включающий
перемешивание дисперсии с помощью вибрационного смесителя Turbula и ультразвукового преобразователя; и
горячее прессование пресс-формы при примерно 5000 psi (примерно 34473 кПа) и 250°С в атмосфере азота с давлением примерно 1 атм с получением заготовки;
при этом указанная суспензия содержит примерно 10% по массе PS4 и этанол.
7. Способ по п. 5, дополнительно включающий
нагревание заготовки со скоростью от 1 до 14°С в течение от 1 до 16 ч; и
поддержание постоянной максимальной температуры для заготовки в течение от 3 до 8 часов с получением композиционной структуры с керамической матрицей.
8. Способ по п. 7, дополнительно включающий установку композиционной структуры с керамической матрицей в качестве обшивки воздушного судна.
9. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что
углеродные нанотрубки содержат одностеночные углеродные нанотрубки с длиной от 0,5 мм до 4 мм и диаметром от 1 нанометра до 50 нанометров, при этом количество углеродных нанотрубок в смеси составляет от 10 до 30% по массе;
графен содержит нанографеновые пластинки с размером, составляющим от 6 до 8 нм в толщину и от 5 до 25 мкм в ширину, при этом количество графена в смеси составляет от 10 до 30% по массе;
карбонитрид кремния содержит порошок с размерами частиц от 0,1 до 1 микрометра в диаметре, при этом количество карбонитрида кремния составляет от 60 до 80% по массе; и
общая масса углеродных нанотрубок и графена в указанной смеси составляет менее 40% по массе.
10. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей, содержащий
углеродные нанотрубки;
графен, химически связанный с углеродными нанотрубками; и
карбонитрид кремния, спеченный в смеси с углеродными нанотрубками и графеном.
11. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, содержащий
углеродные нанотрубки в количестве примерно 20% по массе;
графен в количестве примерно 20% по массе; и
карбонитрид кремния в порошковой форме в количестве примерно 60% по массе.
12. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, содержащий
углеродные нанотрубки в диапазоне от 10 до 30% по массе;
графен в диапазоне от 10 до 30% по массе; и
карбонитрид кремния в порошковой форме в диапазоне от 60 до 80% по массе;
при этом общая масса углеродных нанотрубок и графена в указанной смеси составляет менее 40% по массе.
13. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, отличающийся тем, что
композиционный материал с керамической матрицей составляет примерно 2,1 г/см3;
углеродные нанотрубки составляют примерно 0,42 г/см3;
графен составляет примерно 0,42 г/см3; и
карбонитрид кремния составляет примерно 1,26 г/см3.
14. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, содержащий:
углеродные нанотрубки в диапазоне от 0,21 г/см3 до 0,63 г/см3;
графен в диапазоне от 0,21 г/см3 до 0,63 г/см3; и
карбонитрид кремния в диапазоне от 1,26 г/см3 до 1,68 г/см3;
при этом общая масса углеродных нанотрубок и графена составляет менее 40% по массе.
15. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, отличающийся тем, что углеродные нанотрубки содержат одностеночные углеродные нанотрубки с длиной от 0,5 миллиметра до 4 миллиметров и диаметром от 1 нанометра до 50 нанометров.
16. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, отличающийся тем, что:
графен содержит нанографеновые пластинки с размером, составляющим от 6 до 8 нм в толщину и от 5 до 25 мкм в ширину.
17. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, отличающийся тем, что перед спеканием карбонитрид кремния содержит порошок с размерами частиц от 0,1 до 1 микрометра в диаметре.
18. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 10, отличающийся тем, что углеродные нанотрубки и графен образуют химические связи при первой температуре, составляющей от 750°С до 950°С.
19. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 18, отличающийся тем, что карбонитрид кремния спекают при второй температуре, которая выше первой температуры.
20. Композиционный материал с керамической матрицей по п. 19, отличающийся тем, что карбонитрид кремния спекают при давлении от 297 psi (примерно 2047 кПа) до 376 (примерно 2592 кПа).
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