RU2015138472A - Способ и система снижения выброса оксидов азота при работе двигателя (варианты) - Google Patents

Способ и система снижения выброса оксидов азота при работе двигателя (варианты) Download PDF

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RU2015138472A
RU2015138472A RU2015138472A RU2015138472A RU2015138472A RU 2015138472 A RU2015138472 A RU 2015138472A RU 2015138472 A RU2015138472 A RU 2015138472A RU 2015138472 A RU2015138472 A RU 2015138472A RU 2015138472 A RU2015138472 A RU 2015138472A
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ppoa
ratio
upstream
temperature
icv
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RU2015138472A
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RU2015138472A3 (ru
RU2668593C2 (ru
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Джозеф Роберт ТЕЙС
Кристин Кэй ЛАМБЕРТ
Джастин Энтони УРА
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Форд Глобал Текнолоджиз, Ллк
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
    • F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
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    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
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    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
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    • F01N2900/1614—NOx amount trapped in catalyst
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
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    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Claims (34)

1. Способ для двигателя, содержащий этап, на котором корректируют момент впрыска топлива или степень рециркуляции выхлопных газов (РВГ) в качестве реакции на заполнение пассивного поглотителя оксидов азота NOx (ППОА) с целью поддержания соотношения компонентов NOx выше по потоку от катализатора избирательного каталитического восстановления (ИКВ) в устройстве очистки выхлопных газов.
2. Способ по п. 1, в котором заполнение ППОА компонентами NOx происходит в условиях холодного старта двигателя, когда температура катализатора ИКВ ниже температуры активации катализатора ИКВ.
3. Способ по п. 2, в котором заполнение ППОА определяют по рабочим условиям двигателя, в число которых входит один или несколько из следующих параметров: температура основания ППОА, соотношение воздух/топливо при сгорании, обеднение в двигателе и момент зажигания.
4. Способ по п. 3, в котором осуществляют корректировку, когда температура катализатора ИКВ выше указанной температуры активации, а температура основания ППОА выше пороговой температуры, при этом температуру основания ППОА оценивают датчиком температуры, соединенным с ППОА.
5. Способ по п. 4, в котором поддержание соотношения компонентов NOx выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ содержит поддержание, по существу, на выбранном уровне отношения первого компонента NOx ко второму компоненту NOx.
6. Способ по п. 5, в котором первым компонентом NOx является NO, вторым компонентом NOx является NO2, а выбранным уровнем отношения NO:NO2 является 1:1.
7. Способ по п. 6, в котором ППОА расположен выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ, соотношение компонентов NOx оценивают на основании выходных сигналов датчика содержания NOx, расположенного до ППОА выше по потоку от поглотителя ППОА, и датчика NOx, расположенного после ППОА ниже по потоку от ППОА и выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ и от инжектора, доставляющего восстановительный агент в выхлопной канал выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ.
8. Способ по п. 7, в котором доставляемый восстановительный агент содержит мочевину или аммиак.
9. Способ по п. 8, в котором корректировка включает в себя следующие действия:
увеличивают степень РВГ и/или задерживают момент впрыска топлива в качестве реакции на превышение отношением первого компонента NOx ко второму компоненту NOx выбранного значения указанного отношения; и
уменьшают степень РВГ и/или опережают момент впрыска топлива в качестве реакции на превышение отношением второго компонента NOx к первому компоненту NOx выбранного значения указанного отношения.
10. Способ по п. 9, в котором при корректировке дополнительно учитывают чувствительность регистрации NOx датчиками содержания NOx, расположенными до ППОА и после ППОА, и допустимое отклонение отношения.
11. Способ для двигателя, содержащий этапы, на которых
уменьшают степень РВГ и/или опережают момент впрыска топлива при первом условии, только когда температура основания пассивного поглотителя оксидов азота NOx (ППОА) выхлопа больше, чем пороговая температура, а концентрация NOx, оцененная у датчика после ППОА, больше, чем пороговая концентрация, определяемая на основании концентрации NOx, оцененной у датчика до ППОА;
увеличивают степень РВГ и/или задерживают момент впрыска топлива при втором условии, только когда температура основания ППОА выхлопа больше пороговой температуры, а концентрация NOx у датчика после ППОА меньше, чем указанная пороговая концентрация; причем
при обоих условиях соотношение NOx выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ и ниже по потоку от ППОА поддерживают на выбранном уровне.
12. Способ по п. 11, в котором сохраняют NOx в ППОА, когда температура основания ППОА ниже, чем пороговая температура, и высвобождают NOx, когда температура основания выше, чем пороговая температура.
13. Способ по п. 12, в котором соотношение NOx выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ и ниже по потоку от ППОА поддерживают на выбранном уровне, которым может быть в числе прочих соотношение 1:1.
14. Способ по п. 13, в котором выбранное соотношение NOx представляет собой отношение NO к NO2.
15. Способ по п. 14, в котором при первом условии степень РВГ дополнительно уменьшают и/или момент впрыска топлива устанавливают с дополнительным опережением на основании более высоких оценок заполнения ППОА, а при втором условии степень РВГ дополнительно увеличивают и/или момент впрыска топлива устанавливают с дополнительной задержкой на основании более низких оценок заполнения ППОА.
16. Способ по п. 15, в котором как при первом условии, так и при втором условии, оценки заполнения поглотителя ППОА выполняют на основании рабочих условий, в число которых входит одно или несколько следующих условий: температура основания ППОА, показание расположенного до ППОА датчика содержания NOx, отношение воздух/топливо при сгорании, обеднение в двигателе и момент зажигания.
17. Система двигателя, содержащая
двигатель, содержащий топливный инжектор;
выхлопной канал;
ППОА, соединенный с указанным выхлопным каналом;
датчик температуры, соединенный с ППОА для оценки температуры основания ППОА;
катализатор ИКВ, присоединенный к выхлопному каналу выше по потоку от поглотителя ППОА;
инжектор восстановителя, соединенный с баком мочевины и выполненный с возможностью подачи мочевины в выхлопной канал выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ;
первый датчик содержания NOx, установленный до ППОА выше по потоку от поглотителя ППОА;
второй датчик содержания NOx, установленный после ППОА ниже по потоку от ППОА и выше по потоку от катализатора ИКВ и от инжектора;
канал РВГ, выполненный с возможностью рециркуляции выхлопных газов из выхлопа двигателя во впуск двигателя; и
контроллер с машиночитаемыми командами, сохраненными в энергонезависимой памяти с целью, при условиях, в которых ППОА высвобождает поглощенные NOx, корректировки скорости потока через канал РВГ на основании заполнения ППОА для поддержания на выбранном уровне отношения компонентов NOx, измеряемых или оцениваемых выше по потоку от ППОА, к компонентам NOx, измеряемым или оцениваемым ниже по потоку от ППОА.
18. Система по п. 17, в которой контроллер содержит дополнительные команды для дополнительной корректировки момента впрыска топлива на основании заполнения ППОА с целью поддержания на выбранном уровне отношения компонентов NOx, оцениваемых выше по потоку от ППОА, к компонентам NOx, оцениваемым ниже по потоку от ППОА.
19. Система по п. 18, в которой заполнение ППОА определяют на основании показаний расположенного до ППОА датчика содержания NOx.
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