RU2011137609A

RU2011137609A - RICE IRRIGATION METHOD

Info

Publication number: RU2011137609A
Application number: RU2011137609/13A
Authority: RU
Inventors: Вячеслав Алексеевич Попов; Георгий Владимирович Аксенов; Сергей Александрович Ольховой; Игорь Николаевич Клоконос
Priority date: 2011-09-12
Filing date: 2011-09-12
Publication date: 2013-03-20
Also published as: RU2487530C2

Abstract

Способ орошения риса, включающий прерывистое затопление рисовых чеков, отличающийся тем, что подачу воды на посевы риса осуществляют в виде асимметричных треугольных импульсов, регламентированных в пространстве и времени, снижение влажности обнаженной почвы между импульсами не допускают ниже 85% полной влагоемкости (ПВ), программное распределение воды в оросительной сети между потребителями осуществляют по графику, назначая интервалы времени подачи воды каждому из них по параметрам регламентированного импульса, которые определяют по формулам:- высота импульса (слой воды), h:h=σ+Δh, мм,где σ - среднеквадратичное отклонение неровностей на поверхности чеков, мм;Δh - слой воды, обеспечивающий затопление высоких участков на чеке и создающий благоприятный тепловой режим почвы, мм, назначается равным: в фазы «всходы-кущение» - 60 мм, в фазу формирования зачаточной метелки - 100 мм,- продолжительность подачи воды для создания заданной высоты импульса, t:t=(h/q)·α, сут,где q - гидромодуль затопления, равный 100 мм/сут;α - коэффициент, учитывающий потери на испарение, равный примерно 1,055;- продолжительность сработки слоя воды естественным путем за счет эвапотранспирации (Э) и фильтрации (Ф) t:t=h/(Э+Ф), сут;- продолжительность обнаженной почвы между импульсами t:, сут,где ω - влажность, при которой ее водоудерживаемость близка к 0, а интенсивность транспирации не снижается, для суглинистых почв она оказалась равной 85% ПВ;- количество тактов водооборота N на хозяйственном распределителе определяется по формуле:N=T/t,где Т- общая продолжительность импульса, сут.A method of irrigation of rice, including intermittent flooding of rice checks, characterized in that the water supply to the rice crops is carried out in the form of asymmetric triangular pulses regulated in space and time, a decrease in the moisture of the exposed soil between pulses is not allowed below 85% of the full moisture capacity (PV), software water distribution in the irrigation network between consumers is carried out according to the schedule, assigning water supply time intervals to each of them according to the parameters of the regulated pulse, which are determined by to formulas: is the pulse height (water layer), h: h = σ + Δh, mm, where σ is the standard deviation of irregularities on the surface of the checks, mm; Δh is the water layer that ensures flooding of high areas on the check and creates a favorable thermal regime of the soil, mm, is set equal to: in the seedling-tillering phase - 60 mm, in the phase of formation of the rudimentary panicle - 100 mm, - the duration of water supply to create a given pulse height, t: t = (h / q) · α, day, where q - flooding hydraulic unit equal to 100 mm / day; α - coefficient taking into account evaporation losses equal to approximately 1,055; - continue the natural runoff of the water layer due to evapotranspiration (E) and filtration (Ф) t: t = h / (Э + Ф), days; is the duration of the exposed soil between pulses t :, days, where ω is the humidity at which the water retention is close to 0, and the transpiration rate does not decrease, for loamy soils it turned out to be 85% PV; - the number of N cycles of water circulation on the economic distributor is determined by the formula: N = T / t, where T is the total pulse duration, days.

Claims

A method of irrigation of rice, including intermittent flooding of rice checks, characterized in that the water supply to the rice crops is carried out in the form of asymmetric triangular pulses regulated in space and time, a decrease in the moisture of the exposed soil between pulses is not allowed below 85% of the full moisture capacity (PV), software water distribution in the irrigation network between consumers is carried out according to the schedule, assigning water supply time intervals to each of them according to the parameters of the regulated pulse, which are determined by formula is:

- pulse height (water layer), h _sl :

h _sl = σ + Δh, mm,

where σ is the standard deviation of the irregularities on the surface of the checks, mm;

Δh - a layer of water that provides flooding of high areas on the check and creates a favorable thermal regime of the soil, mm, is set equal to: in the phase “seedling-tillering” - 60 mm, in the phase of formation of the embryonic panicle - 100 mm,

- the duration of the water supply to create a given pulse height, t ₁ :

t ₁ = (h _cl / q) · α, day,

where q is the flooding hydraulic unit, equal to 100 mm / day;

α is a coefficient taking into account evaporation losses equal to approximately 1,055;

- the duration of the release of the water layer in a natural way due to evapotranspiration (E) and filtration (Ф) t ₂ :

t ₂ = h _sl / (E + F), day;

- the duration of the exposed soil between pulses t ₃ :

, day

where ω is the humidity at which its water retention is close to 0, and the transpiration rate does not decrease, for loamy soils it turned out to be 85% PV;

- the number of cycles of water circulation N on the economic dispenser is determined by the formula:

N = T _total / t ₁ ,

where T _total - the total duration of the pulse, days.