SU405228A1 - Rice field irrigation method - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to irrigated agriculture.

Methods are known for irrigating rice fields with flooding by checks and water supply to a check from an irrigator fed by water from a distribution channel, and drainage of excess water by a discharge channel. The regulation of the water supply can be carried out in the upper and lower pools and in a mixed way.

In the upstream regulation, the main structure of the senior irrigation canal is equipped with an automatic controller that ensures the supply of a given amount of water regardless of fluctuations in the level of the irrigation source, while the older order channel itself is divided by blocking, by their structures at a number of plots.

The disadvantage of this method is that the flow of water per check depends on the whole system of structures and changes in the adjustment that occurs over the whole channel. This makes it difficult to regulate the flow of water and requires a large number of structures. In addition, the inevitable consequence of the upstream control method is water loss. Since the lower pools receive water only when

the upper ones are overflowing, then water losses occur even if the control program (losses are at least 10%) is precisely developed.

When regulating downstream (cascade regulation), water flow into the system and distribution depends on the actual consumption of water by water users. The opening of the water intake is automatically transmitted by seniority to the head structure of the channel.

The method has some advantages, there is a Ba compared to the above, however, he

has a number of disadvantages:

the source of irrigation at any time period must provide the system with water in the required quantity, since with a lack of water at the source of irrigation, the checks located at the top of the main canal do not receive the required amount of water; in addition, it causes the danger of a significant emptying of the canal in its head part with loss of command;

the head structure, the main canal and all hydraulic structures on it should be designed to skip the maximum flow of all water outlets simultaneously, which complicates and increases the cost of construction.

A mixed method of adjustment is a combination of the two described above.

Downstream control with subordination to the upstream level combines the positive aspects of both methods, however, it has a natural disadvantage in that the structures required for its drainage have a more complex and expensive design than those designed to regulate only downstream or upstream.

All three described methods, in addition, have common drawbacks: they require large operating costs; with manual regulation, a large number of irrigators is required, while the accuracy of agrotechnical regime is not guaranteed due to errors during changeover and non-simultaneity of impact, and with automatic - high costs for laying command and power networks, for equipment of a large number of automated drives, which greatly reduces reliability of the system and increases the requirements for the qualifications of the staff.

The known methods of irrigating rice fields do not provide for any other system for controlling the discharge of waste water from the check, except for manual one, carried out by a farmer from each check.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of regulation of the water regime and simplify the technology.

This is achieved by the fact that the regulation is carried out on the head irrigation or terminal discharge structures of the higher order canals by changing or maintaining constant, depending on the requirements of agricultural engineering, a certain level of water. Level monitoring is carried out respectively on irrigators or on lower-order discharges in such a way that water supply to the check and removal of excess waste water is directly dependent on its level in the high-order canals for each check, taking into account the level filling it up.

The drawing shows a schematic sectional view of a rice system irrigated according to the proposed method.

The irrigation system includes a senior irrigation canal 1; sprinkler 2, which is a lower order channel; rice check 3; waste channel 4 low order; local reset 5 senior order; regulator 6 of the head irrigation facility; an automatic tracking device 7 for supplying water to check 3; an automatic tracking device 8 for discharging water from a check 3; control device 9 end of the discharge channel.

The next device 8 can be made similar to the device 7.

Water level in the distribution irrigation canal 1 - ftj; water level in 5 irrigator, adjustable by device 6 - / 12; water level in the check 3, supported by the device 7 - Lz; the water level of the overflow of the discharge channel 4 - / and.

Water in check 3 is supplied from irrigator 2 through

0 tracking device 7, which maintains a predetermined level difference (/ 12-АЗ) relative to irrigation channel 2. Thus, in check 3, the required depth of flooding is maintained and at the same time a constant difference in levels, individual for each check and dependent on its level .

The level / 12 of the irrigator 2 is maintained at the rate of providing the greatest depth of flooding for the check. If it is necessary to adjust the level of water in the check 3, the water level in the sprinkler 2 is increased or decreased with the help of the regulator 6, thereby affecting the devices 7 of all the checks in which the adjustment operation will be repeated.

Similarly, the controller 9, located in the terminal structure of the higher-order discharge channel, changes the level / Z4 of the discharge channel 4, which sets the discharge mode through the tracking device 8 for all checks connected to this channel. Regulation of the water regime is thus carried out by regulators 6 and 9, of which one is the regulator of water supply to check 3, and the other is the discharge of water from the check, but regulators 6 and 9 act in concert with each other.

Subject invention

A method of irrigating rice fields, including flooding by check with water supply for a check from a distribution channel, regulation and maintenance of the required water level in checks by means of hydraulic automation and removal of excess waste water

0 by discharge channels, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the water level control and simplify the technology, the regulation is carried out on the head irrigation or terminal waste

5 canal structures, of higher order by changing the water level, which are monitored respectively on sprinklers or lower order discharges in such a way that the supply of water to the check and removal of excess waste water from the check is directly dependent on its level in the higher order channels is differentiated for each check, taking into account its filling level.