RU2010121144A - Способ сжижения газа с фракционированием при высоком давлении - Google Patents

Способ сжижения газа с фракционированием при высоком давлении Download PDF

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RU2010121144A
RU2010121144A RU2010121144/06A RU2010121144A RU2010121144A RU 2010121144 A RU2010121144 A RU 2010121144A RU 2010121144/06 A RU2010121144/06 A RU 2010121144/06A RU 2010121144 A RU2010121144 A RU 2010121144A RU 2010121144 A RU2010121144 A RU 2010121144A
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aforementioned
liquid phase
liquid
ethane
methane
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RU2010121144/06A
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RU2495342C2 (ru
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Беатрис ФИШЕР (FR)
Беатрис ФИШЕР
Жилль ФЕРШНАЙДЕР (FR)
Жилль ФЕРШНАЙДЕР
Анн-Клэр ЛЮКЕН (FR)
Анн-Клэр ЛЮКЕН
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Ифп (Fr)
Ифп
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0242—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
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    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
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    • F25J2200/30—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using a side column in a single pressure column system
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    • F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ сжижения природного газа, в котором осуществляют следующие стадии: ! a) охлаждают природный газ, ! b) вводят охлажденный природный газ в колонну для фракционирования таким образом, чтобы разделить газовую фазу, обогащенную метаном, и жидкую фазу, обогащенную соединениями, более тяжелыми, чем этан, ! c) извлекают вышеупомянутую жидкую фазу из нижней части колонны для фракционирования и удаляют вышеупомянутую газовую фазу из верхней части колонны разделения, ! d) частично сжижают вышеупомянутую газовую фазу таким образом, чтобы получить конденсат и газообразный поток, при этом конденсат возвращают в верхнюю часть колонны для фракционирования в качестве флегмы, ! е) сжижают вышеупомянутый газообразный поток, ! и в котором выбирают рабочие условия колонны для фракционирования таким образом, чтобы вышеупомянутая жидкая фаза содержала молярное количество метана в интервале от 10% до 150% молярного количества этана, содержащегося в вышеупомянутой жидкой фазе. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором рабочие условия колонны для фракционирования выбирают таким образом, чтобы вышеупомянутая жидкая фаза содержала молярное количество метана, находящееся в интервале от 40% до 70% от молярного количества этана, содержащегося в вышеупомянутой жидкой фазе. ! 3. Способ по п.1, в котором регулируют молярное количество метана по отношению к количеству этана в вышеупомянутой жидкой фазе, изменяя мощность ребойлера, расположенного в нижней части колонны для фракционирования. !4. Способ по п.1, в котором дополнительно осуществляют следующие стадии: ! f) вводят вышеупомянутую жидкую фазу в разделительную колонну, чтобы разделить газовую фазу,

Claims (10)

1. Способ сжижения природного газа, в котором осуществляют следующие стадии:
a) охлаждают природный газ,
b) вводят охлажденный природный газ в колонну для фракционирования таким образом, чтобы разделить газовую фазу, обогащенную метаном, и жидкую фазу, обогащенную соединениями, более тяжелыми, чем этан,
c) извлекают вышеупомянутую жидкую фазу из нижней части колонны для фракционирования и удаляют вышеупомянутую газовую фазу из верхней части колонны разделения,
d) частично сжижают вышеупомянутую газовую фазу таким образом, чтобы получить конденсат и газообразный поток, при этом конденсат возвращают в верхнюю часть колонны для фракционирования в качестве флегмы,
е) сжижают вышеупомянутый газообразный поток,
и в котором выбирают рабочие условия колонны для фракционирования таким образом, чтобы вышеупомянутая жидкая фаза содержала молярное количество метана в интервале от 10% до 150% молярного количества этана, содержащегося в вышеупомянутой жидкой фазе.
2. Способ по п.1, в котором рабочие условия колонны для фракционирования выбирают таким образом, чтобы вышеупомянутая жидкая фаза содержала молярное количество метана, находящееся в интервале от 40% до 70% от молярного количества этана, содержащегося в вышеупомянутой жидкой фазе.
3. Способ по п.1, в котором регулируют молярное количество метана по отношению к количеству этана в вышеупомянутой жидкой фазе, изменяя мощность ребойлера, расположенного в нижней части колонны для фракционирования.
4. Способ по п.1, в котором дополнительно осуществляют следующие стадии:
f) вводят вышеупомянутую жидкую фазу в разделительную колонну, чтобы разделить газовую фазу, обогащенную метаном, и жидкую фазу, содержащую углеводороды, более тяжелые, чем этан,
g) извлекают жидкую часть из разделительной колонны,
h) выделяют из вышеупомянутой жидкой части жидкий поток, содержащий более 95 мол.% этана.
5. Способ по п.4, в котором на стадии g) извлекают часть жидкости на уровне между точкой подачи и верхней частью разделительной колонны.
6. Способ по п.4, в котором на стадии h) испаряют долю вышеупомянутой жидкой части таким образом, чтобы получить вышеупомянутый жидкий поток, содержащий более 95 мол.% этана, при этом вышеупомянутую испаренную долю вводят в разделительную колонну.
7. Способ по п.4, в котором в верхнюю часть разделительной колонны вводят жидкую флегму при температуре, находящейся в интервале от -10°С до -40°С.
8. Способ по п.7, в котором на стадии а) охлаждают природный газ за счет теплообмена с охлаждающей жидкостью, циркулирующей в контуре охлаждения, и в котором частично конденсируют вышеупомянутую газообразную фракцию обогащенную метаном, полученную на стадии f) за счет теплообмена с частью вышеупомянутой охлаждающей жидкости таким образом, чтобы получить вышеупомянутую жидкую флегму, которую вводят в верхнюю часть разделительной колонны.
9. Способ по п.8, в котором переохлаждают часть охлаждающей жидкости за счет теплообмена с жидкостью, извлекаемой из колонны для фракционирования.
10. Способ по одному из предыдущих пунктов, в котором на стадии е) охлаждают газообразный поток за счет теплообмена при давлении выше 50 бар.
RU2010121144/06A 2007-10-26 2008-10-17 Способ сжижения газа с фракционированием при высоком давлении RU2495342C2 (ru)

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