RU190805U1 - Shredder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for grinding and distributing roughage in rolls or bales, as well as raw and compacted material in rolls and blocks. The utility model is aimed at solving the problem of improving the quality of grinding the agricultural mass by increasing the uniformity of the crushed particles and reducing their size to less than 80 mm by increasing the total length of the cutting edges involved in the cutting process and increasing the speed of rotation of the grinder, as well as due to the optimal positioning knives in the impeller housing. The essence is useful: in a shredder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales, containing a loading chamber with a rear take-off board, located along the bottom of the chamber a loading conveyor, located in front of the loading chamber, a chopper with cutting elements, as well as containing counter-blades, a comb with a screen and unloading unit with an impeller, it is proposed that the chopper be made in the form of a shaft with cutting elements pivotally mounted on it in the form of V-shaped scourges with wide sharpened and hardened to provide the comb with a filtering grate, the cells of which are made with a sharp edge, while the gratings are made in the form of a groove, covering the shredder with a given clearance, and install counter-blades in the unloading unit at the top and bottom, hinge the impeller with additional cutting elements fixed on the tops of the impeller blades. The gap can be set so that when the grinder is rotating, grind the distance between the filter grid and the cutting edge of the whips I was 5 mm - 15 mm, the cutting edge width of V-shaped scourges can be 50 mm - 70 mm. Counter-cutting knives can be installed in the unloading unit with the ability to adjust the gap between the opposing blades and the cutting elements of the impeller, hinged at the tops of the impeller blades. The dimensions of the rectangular cells of the filtering grate can be 110 mm × 80 mm.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for grinding and distribution of roughage (rolls or bales of straw and hay), as well as raw and compacted material in rolls and blocks.

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for grinding, formed into cylindrical rolls or bales of agricultural material (hay, straw, pressed green mass) and distribution of the finished crushed feed directly to cattle, as well as for spreading the crushed mass as bedding for cattle cattle.

Closest to the claimed technical essence and the achieved result, selected as the closest analogue, is the “Shredder-distributor of rolls or bales” according to the utility model patent RU №63638, IPC A01F 29/00, the filing date of the application is 12/25/2006, containing the bunker with rear receiving side for loading coils or bales, a conveyor at the bottom of the bunker to move coils or bales, located in the front of the bunker a chopper with a stop comb and a device for ejection adjacent to the chopper chopped agricultural material, while the chopper is made in the form of a cylindrical drum, on which disks arranged at some distance from each other, each of which protrudes beyond the surface of the cylindrical drum and lies, as a rule, in the radial plane, have surfaces for fastening knives, bent along the axis of the drum in opposite directions and evenly spaced around the circumference of the disk, and the knives mounted on these surfaces interact with the ribs comb, forming a zone of grinding material, while between each adjacent pair of disks are means for gripping the material, mainly in the form of obliquely protruding scrapers, in the zone of grinding material between the edges of the thrust combs set the counter blades so that between them and the means of gripper grinder there is some gap.

The main disadvantage of the closest analogue is the low quality of grinding, due to the impossibility of achieving a homogeneous fine fraction of the material with a size of less than 80 mm.

This is due to the following.

First, the total length of the cutting edges, including the chopper drum knives and the passive anti-comb shears, is small.

Secondly, the ejection device, which is an impeller, performs only the function of blowing (ejecting) the crushed material and the product does not grind in its cavity.

Thirdly, the adjustment of the gap between the opposing knives and the means of gripping the chopper drum does not ensure that the material is crushed to less than 80 mm. The range of regulation of the size of the grinding fraction is limited by the design features of the shear blades.

In addition, the rigid attachment of knives and gripping means on the chopper drum contributes to rapid wear and failure of the grinding organs, and increases the load on the power elements in the event that large solid objects fall into the grinding area.

In addition, the installation of additional shear knives to achieve a fine fraction is structurally complex and requires the installation of additional carriers and fasteners, the protruding parts of which may contribute to a delay in the advancement of the unground product into the blowing zone.

The utility model aims to solve the problem of improving the quality of grinding agricultural mass by increasing the uniformity of crushed particles and reducing their size to less than 80 mm by increasing the total length of cutting edges involved in the cutting process, as well as through the optimal location of the shearing blades in the impeller housing.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the chopper-distributor of coarse feed from rolls or bales, contains a loading chamber with a rear receiving side, a chopper with cutting elements located in the front part of the loading chamber, as well as counter-cutting knives , a comb with a screen and an unloading unit with an impeller, it is proposed to perform the chopper in the form of a shaft with cutting elements hinged on it in the form of V-shaped scourges with wide cutting and hardened cutting edges, to provide the comb with a filtering grate, the cells of which are made with a sharp edge, while the gratings are made in the form of a groove that encloses the chopper with a given clearance, and install counter-blades in the unloading unit from the top and bottom hinged to the tops of the impeller blades.

The size of the gap can be set so that when the grinder rotates, the distance between the filtering grate and the cutting edge of the grinder whips is 5 mm - 15 mm,

The width of the cutting edge of V-shaped scourges can be 50 mm - 70 mm.

The counter-cutting knives can be installed in the unloading unit with the ability to adjust the gap between the opposing knives and the cutting elements of the impeller, hinged on the tops of the impeller blades.

The dimensions of the rectangular cells of the filtering grate can be 110 mm × 80 mm.

In the inventive chopper-distributor of coarse fodder from rolls or bales, the chopper is made in the form of a shaft, and the chopper cutting elements in the form of V-shaped scourges with sharpened and hardened cutting edges 60 mm wide, hinged on the chopper shaft, improve the quality of chopping, namely achieve a degree of grinding material to a homogeneous fine fraction of less than 80 mm in size.

The cutting elements of the shredder in the form of V-shaped scourges have their own inertial impact weight, which contributes to the intensive separation of smaller fragments from the crushed bale or roll during impact contact. At the same time, the hinged fastening of V-shaped scourges on the chopper shaft ensures reliable operation of the chopper by reducing the likelihood of breakage, jamming and overloading of mechanisms. In addition, the execution of the cutting elements of the shredder in the form of V-shaped scourges, in which the cutting edges are first in the direction of movement are active and are subject to wear, in which case the scourges are reinstalled by another cutting edge with minimal losses, which contributes to their durability and the quality of material grinding .

The introduction of the filtering grate prevents the ingress of too large, crumpled fragments of the grinding product, as well as large foreign objects into the cavity of the body of the unloading unit.

Making the edges of the filtering grid cells with sharp edges that perform the function of cutting knives, and making a filtering grid in the form of a groove enclosing the chopper along the contour of rotation of the cutting edges of the scourges with a given gap, creates the effect of scissors for additional grinding of the material, cuts it into even smaller fragments. By increasing the total length of the cutting edges, the grinding intensity increases, for the same period of time, all other things being equal, the same amount of product will be crushed more finely. All this helps to improve the quality of grinding.

The gap between the grinder and the filter grill is set so that when the grinder rotates, the distance between the filter grill and the cutting edge of the grinder scourges is within ≥5 mm, but ≤15 mm, which ensures an optimal mode of passage of the grinded material without jams and breakdowns.

Installing the unloading knives in the upper and lower parts and making the impeller with additional cutting elements hinged on the tops of the impeller blades, provides smaller particle sizes and their uniformity.

At the same time, the regulation of the gap between the conflicting knives and impeller cutting elements hinged at the tops of the impeller blades makes it possible to select the optimal grinding parameters depending on, for example, the type of material being crushed and the desired fraction at the exit.

The choice of cell sizes of the 110 × 80 mm filtering grid is optimal and ensures, firstly, free and unobstructed passage of the crushed product through the cells, secondly, it retains large compressed product fragments for further grinding before passing to the unloading and blowing zone, thirdly the cell width is minimal enough to create an additional cutting effect in the area of the passage of the scourge past the lower edges of the cells.

FIG. 1 shows the inventive chopper-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales, side view in section. FIG. 2 shows the chopper with a comb, side view. FIG. 3 shows a shredder, a general view. FIG. 4 shows a comb with a grill, general view. FIG. 5 shows the cutting element (scourge) grinder. FIG. 6 shows the chopper-distributor with a roll, side view in section.

The chopper-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales, shown in FIG. 1 and 2, contains a loading chamber 1 with a rear receiving side 2, designed to load the chopper-distributor of the material to be ground (rolls or bales of hay, straw). The conveyor 3 is located along the bottom of the chamber 1 and serves to move the crushed material. In front of the loading chamber 1 to its side walls is mounted a chopper 4, rotating around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the conveyor 3.

Above the chopper 4 is a comb 5 with a screen 6.

Comb 5 holds a roll or bale of hay on a shredder 4.

The crusher 4 is adjacent to the discharge unit 7 with the impeller 8. The discharge unit 7 is intended for final grinding of the material and its distribution on the aft table and spreading litter for cattle and mulch across the field.

The grinder 4 shown in FIG. 3, is made in the form of a shaft 9 on which cutting elements 10 are hinged. Cutting elements 10, as shown in FIG. 5, made in the form of V-shaped scourges with sharpened and hardened cutting edges 60 mm wide.

Comb 5 shown in FIG. 4, comprises a screen 6, an adjustable visor 11, ribs 12, lower stops 13, pillars 14, mounting brackets 15 and provided with a filtering grate 16. The edges of the through cells 17 of the filtration grating 16 are made with sharp edges, with the ability to perform the function of counter-blades, The grill 16 has the shape of a groove, covering the grinder 4 along the contour of rotation of the cutting edges of the scourge with a given gap (10 mm). The dimensions of the cells 17 of the filtration grating 16 are 110 × 80 mm.

The lower limit stops 13 serve to prevent excessive approximation of the material to be ground (roll, bale) to the primary grinding zone (chopper 4). The upper limiter - adjustable visor 11, serves to prevent the release of large separated masses of the crushed product outside the chamber 1.

Screen 6 prevents ingress of unmilled material into discharge unit 7, since the ejection zone of unmilled material is blocked by screen 6. Ejection of undersized material is due to the fact that a small part of the material bypasses the grinding zone from below, under the comb, in the zone of passage of the conveyor plates under the comb.

The impeller 8 is made in the form of a disk with blades, to the tops of which the additional cutting elements 18 are hinged.

Node 7 unloading along the surface of the housing (not marked in the figures), across the rotation of the impeller 8 are installed in the upper and lower parts and retaining plates (knives) 19 embedded in the housing. Counter-cutting knives 19 are installed with the ability to adjust the gap between the counter-blades 19 and the cutting elements 18 impeller 8, which allows you to achieve different in size fraction depending on the requirements for the grinding product.

To get started, it is necessary to connect the coupling devices of the chopper-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales and the tractor (not shown in the figures).

The grinding process begins with the loading of raw materials (material) for grinding in the loading chamber 1. Compressed, cylindrical rolls or bales of hay, straw, or other material of plant origin intended for distribution to livestock as feed or bedding are used as raw materials (material) for grinding. . The rolls are loaded into the chamber 1 of the shredder-distributor by a top-mounted mechanized loader or by self-loading.

Bootstrapping is performed as follows: the operator (tractor driver) lowers the rear receiving side 2, and the tractor (not shown in figure 1), moving in reverse, pushes the distributor with the rear receiving side 2 lowered onto a roll or bale, and thus picks up its bottom exciting elements and loads it on the inner surface of the tailgate 2. Then the rear receiving side 2, with a roll immersed in it, rises (closes), moving the roll into the loading chamber 1 for subsequent grinding.

Next, the conveyor 3 moves the loaded roll (bale) in the direction of the rotating chopper 4.

Since the shaft 9 of the chopper 4 rotates at high speed, the cutting elements (whips) 10, under the action of centrifugal force, assume a position at which their cutting edges are at a maximum distance from the axis of rotation of the chopper 4. Thus, as the material to be crushed moves, for example , the coil (see Fig. 6) in the direction of the chopper 4, the cutting elements (whips) 10 begin to cut the upper layer of the coil, simultaneously grinding it. The separated, initially crushed fragments, under the action of the exciting action of the cutting elements (scourges) 10 and the air dilution caused by the rotation of the impeller 8, fall behind the chopper 4, where the filtering grate 16, which is part of the comb 5, is installed (see Fig. 2 and 4). The function of the filter grid 16 is, firstly, to prevent the ingress of too large fragments into the cavity of the unloading unit 7, and secondly, the edges of the cells 17 perform the function of the shear knives, creating the effect of scissors for additional grinding of raw materials. This happens as follows: since during rotation of the chopper 4 the gap between the cutting edges of the cutting elements (scourges) 10 and the surface of the filtering grate 16 is small (10 mm), then fragments of raw materials that are at the time of passing the blade 10 along the cell 17 of the filtration grating 16 between the edge cells 17 and the edge of the scourge 10, are broken up into even smaller fragments, which then through the cells 17 of the filter fall into the cavity of the housing unit 7 unloading on the impeller 8 for further grinding and blowing. During rotation, the impeller 8 with its blades creates a turbulent flow of air in the housing, captures the semi-crushed material that has passed through the filter grate 16, and a chaotic regrinding occurs inside the housing. The regrinding is most intense in the areas of the hull in which the shear plates (knives) 19 are installed, since there is a massive accumulation of product there during operation. Thus, the more the shearing plates (knives) 19 are buried, the smaller is the fraction of the grinding product at the outlet. The crushed finished product under the action of air flow leaves the casing of the discharge unit 7 through a blower (not shown in the figures).

The design of the shredder 4 due to the rotation of the inertial mass of pivotally suspended cutting elements (scourges) 10 and their sharp hardened cutting edges, provides an intensive, uniform separation of raw material fragments from the surface of the roll (bale) and their primary grinding.

Also, the hinged method of fixing the cutting elements (whips) 10 prevents breakage and overloading of the mechanisms of the chopper-distributor when solid foreign objects get into the grinding zone.

The shape of the filtering grate 16 in the form of a gutter allows to achieve a uniform cutting effect and penetration of the initially crushed product over its entire surface. The cells 17 of the filtering grate 16 have optimal dimensions of 110 × 80 mm to prevent too large fragments and fractions of the raw material from entering the regrinding zone (cavity of the body of the assembly 7 unloading the impeller) while simultaneously ensuring the free flow of the primary ground product through the cells 17.

The massive design of the impeller 8 due to the inertia of the rotating masses, besides the main functions (regrinding and blowing), plays the role of a flywheel and contributes to the stable operation of the mechanisms of the chopper-distributor. The design of the impeller blades 8, whose width closer to the center narrows towards the base (disk), is erodynamically justified and selected to create a vacuum in the center of the impeller 8 and a better grip of the initially crushed product with further advancement of it to the outer cylindrical part of the unloading unit 7 (impeller) Cutting plates (knives) 19 are installed around its perimeter. 19. At the end of each blade of the impeller 8, cutting elements 18 are hinged. The blades of cutting elements 18 are oriented in the direction of rotation Ia impeller 8. The hinge joint, as well as in the grinder 4, and prevents the breakage of the overload mechanism-distributor chopper shock loads and provides a chopping effect.

Thus, the proposed utility model improves the quality of grinding agricultural mass by improving the quality of grinding agricultural mass by increasing the uniformity of crushed particles and reducing their size to less than 80 mm by increasing the total length of cutting edges involved in the cutting process, as well as optimal positioning of the shear blades in the impeller housing.

Claims (5)

1. Grinder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales, containing a loading chamber with a rear receiving board, a conveyor located in front of the loading chamber, a chopper with cutting elements, as well as shearing knives, a comb with a screen, and a node unloading with the impeller, characterized in that the chopper is made in the form of a shaft with cutting elements hinged on it in the form of V-shaped scourges with wide sharpened and hardened cutting edges, the comb is provided with a filtering grate, the cells of which are made with a sharp edge, while the grate is made in the form of a groove that encloses the chopper with a given clearance, and in the unloading unit, counter-blades are installed at the top and bottom, while the impeller is equipped with additional cutting elements hinged on the blades tops impeller. 2. Grinder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the gap is set so that when the grinder rotates, the distance between the filtering grate and the cutting edge of the grinder whips is 5 mm - 15 mm. 3. Grinder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales according to claim. 1, characterized in that the width of the cutting edge of V-shaped scourges is 50 mm - 70 mm. 4. Grinder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales under item 1, characterized in that the shear blades are installed in the unloading unit with the ability to adjust the gap between the sheath blades and the cutting elements of the impeller, hinged to the tops of the impeller blades. 5. Grinder-distributor of roughage from rolls or bales according to claim. 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the rectangular cells of the filtration grate are 110 mm × 80 mm.

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