RU187934U1 - DRYING CHAMBER FOR BULK MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to devices for drying (removing moisture) from bulk and lumpy materials: sawdust, wood chips, grain, chopped grass, oilcake, beer stillage with an incoming moisture content of 50-70% of the material (10-12 %), and can be used for the production of fuel pellets, feed, fertilizers. The design contains horizontally oriented half-cylinders in the lower part of the casing, open at the top, independent shafts are located inside the half-cylinders, on which blades are mounted on the rods along the entire length, each bar being located perpendicular to the shaft axis, and the blade is made in the form of a rectangular plate with rotation around the axis the rod in such a way that it forms an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. Each shaft is equipped with its own mounted gearbox (which has its own frequency of rotation) with the possibility of rotation of the shafts closest to the raw material loading window at a higher speed than subsequent ones. The upper part of the body is made in the form of a rectangular cover with a bevel (truncated part) and has an opening with a snail swirling air. In the horizontal plane of the truncated part of the housing cover, a cyclone is installed, connected hermetically to the cochlea and through the lock gate hermetically connected to the internal cavity of the device. Each of the shafts has an output from the end of the device through a seal in the housing, for mounting gearboxes, the inner ends of the shafts are freely fixed in a support bearing each in its bearing. On the one hand side there are openings (windows) in the end face of the housing for supplying the material sequentially through the neck, airlock, and a channel into each section of the drying chamber. The technical result is an improvement in the characteristics of the drying chamber: increasing productivity and durability by distributing the load between several shafts, increasing fire and environmental safety by utilizing dust by returning it to the workspace. 1 s.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to devices for drying (removing moisture) from bulk and lumpy materials: sawdust, wood chips, grain, chopped grass, oilcake, beer stillage with an incoming moisture content of 50-70% of the material (10-12 %), and can be used for the production of fuel pellets, feed, fertilizers.

State of the art

Known devices for a similar purpose of the following design.

Firstly, drum-type dryers, in which the material is moved by the flow of the drying reagent and the rotation of the drum, the temperature of the drying reagent (300-500 ° C), loading and unloading of raw materials into the drum is an air stream. Disadvantage: applicable for small bulk fractions, but when drying larger ones, there is a fire hazard. For example, if the known device is applicable for drying sawdust, then the wood chips easily linger at the entrance, overheat, and break off into the drum with a flaming torch, causing a fire. The disadvantage is also the large weight of the drum (for example, together with raw materials, a drum with a capacity of 0.66 t / h with an input humidity of 55% weighs about 8 t.) Due to the large weight of the band, the rail on which the drum rotates quickly wears out, the repair cost approaches half the cost of installation, in addition, the installation of a known device requires an expensive foundation. Implementation example: http://www.dozagran.com/oborudovanive/sushilnve-barabany/ manufacturer, Dosa Gran LLC, http://www.teplo.sibmetal.ni/catalog/23/99/ manufacturer TeploProcess LLC.

Secondly, aerodynamic dryers, in which the material is moved only by a drying reagent, the temperature of the incoming air (300-500 ° C), also called aero-fountain. The dryer includes a zigzag tube in which the lifts are made in the form of barrels. The known design is economical, no moving parts. Disadvantage: the inability to control the exposure time of the raw material, which flies through the dryer in 30-60 seconds maximum. As a result, no more than 300 kg can be dried in one pass. sawdust, that is, the known device is characterized by low productivity. In addition, the drawback is the high fire hazard: since the small space and the absence of mixing devices does not allow working with humidity above 40% - the raw materials stick together and the dryer becomes completely clogged. Another disadvantage relates to the fact that the known device cannot dry large-sized raw materials, for example, cake. Implementation example: https://trade43.ru/product/liniya-oborudovaniya-dlya-proizvodstva-toplivnykh-pellet-300-kgchas manufacturer LLC StankoLes-Trade: 610044, Kirov region, Kirov, st. Lugansk, 49.

Thirdly, belt dryers, in which the material is conveyed by a belt conveyor, are regulated in a very wide range, while having an acceptable weight compared to a drum conveyor. Disadvantages: difficult to operate and repair - there are a lot of moving parts working at high humidity in the bulk of the raw material , from this there is a high probability of failure, while drying occurs at low temperatures from (100 to 250 ° C), which does not allow drying of fine sawdust, is suitable only for drying large chips. The disadvantage is the low cost of the known device. Implementation example: http://www.ekodrev.ru/production_p_7_p_3.html, manufacturer of IK Ecodrev LLC.

The technical solution for the patent BY No. 011336 B1 is known to the Eurasian Patent Office, publication date 2009.02.27. application number 200701056, filing date 2007.04.02. (currently producer: CJSC BioStar Engineering http://biostar.by/oborudovanie/sushilki-opilok-i-shchepy.) according to which the drum dryer drying, which is part of the line for the production of fuel briquettes, according to the specified patent, is closest by design to the claimed utility model: the material is agitated, moved by the blades of one shaft - pipes. Hot air enters through the coupling into the shaft - pipe, then into the perforated blades, through them to the material. Disadvantages: the nozzles of the blades are clogged in the lower position with moist materials, in the upper position, hot air freely flows upward, bypassing the material. To purge the drying reagent through a shaft - a pipe, perforated blades, a high-pressure fan is installed, which blows out small particles from the chips, which are entrained by the effluent and settle in large quantities in the external cyclone, outside the technological process. This fine dust must be disposed of, which is a serious inconvenience. Another significant drawback, there is a large load on a single long shaft-pipe, with a diameter of working blades of 2 meters, a length of up to 9 meters, the shaft is destroyed in case of accidental overload. There is no quick access inside the device for repair and maintenance. Requires a powerful mounted gear (used imported.) Low cost, for the installation of a known device requires a foundation.

Closest to the claimed is a technical solution for patent SU No. 1191704 A, F26B 11/14, 17/20 from 06/26/1984, publ. 11/15/1985, in which a rotary dryer (for drying dispersed materials) containing a chamber with a working and separation zones, rotors installed in the lower part of the working zone, and a gas distribution box for introducing coolant along the entire length of the chamber, at the opposite ends of which there is a loading and unloading nozzles, characterized in that in order to increase productivity and reduce energy costs, the working and separation zones are separated by a longitudinal partition, and the box is installed in the upper part of the working area and connected ene thereto with a variable lattice living section decreasing toward the discharge nozzle, wherein the working area is further divided into sections by transverse bulkheads.

However, the analysis of the known design revealed the following disadvantages.

The purpose of the prototype is indicated "for drying dispersed materials with forced mixing in a suspended layer", which implies that the rotor requires high revolutions to toss the dried material. As a result, the accuracy of manufacturing shafts with blades and their balancing, the complexity of processing in a lathe completely the entire length of the shaft are required. In addition, when trying to dry raw sawdust, or wood chips in this design inevitably there will be a problem of clogging of the shutter. Having passed the narrow part at the damper, small wet particles will fall into the expansion zone, where the speed decreases, while the wet particles of the material deposited on the walls will grow and close the passage. Thus, it is impossible to reverse the drying of sawdust, wood chips, grain, chopped grass, oilcake, since the moist particles raised by the rotors will fall into the grate windows and clog it and the box in the working chamber, separation is thus excluded.

The prototype has one rotor shaft in the longitudinal axis, which limits the performance of the dryer. In addition, the top-down hot reagent supply circuit is less efficient than the top-down dryer in the inventive dryer, when the hot drying reagent, heating the half-cylinders, enters the nozzle windows, the top rises according to the laws of physics, heats the material falling on it more efficiently. Examples of the use of such a dryer for drying sawdust, wood chips, grain, shredded grass, oilcake are not known from the prior art.

The disadvantages of the known designs of drying chambers are eliminated by the claimed utility model.

Technical task: to increase productivity by distributing the load between several shafts, reliability and durability, as well as fire and environmental safety by utilizing dust by returning to the workspace.

To solve this problem, a drying chamber for drying bulk and lumpy materials with several shafts, for example, four-shaft, is proposed. The design includes a housing, the lower part of which, for example, consists of two horizontally oriented steel half-cylinders open at the top, having the shape of a straight circular cylinder, cut horizontally by axial section and fixed parallel to the longitudinal edge. Heated clean air is supplied into the space formed between the diameters of the half-cylinders, which through multiple nozzle windows enters the half-cylinders and blows the drying material (raw materials). The upper part of the casing is common for half-cylinders of predominantly rectangular shape, made of steel plates, truncated at one end face at an angle and covers the half-cylinders like a lid, moist air is collected in it, its height H is always greater than the radius of half-cylinders R. In each of the two steel half-cylinders, along two independent shafts, on which the blades are mounted, are arranged sequentially one after another along the longitudinal axis. The shaft is equipped with rods mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, on which the blades are mounted in the form of rectangular plates with rotation around the axis of the rod so that the surface of the blade forms an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. In this form, a shaft with blades is a type of shaped screw that mixes the material in a half-cylinder and at the same time moves it from entrance to exit.

Each of the four shafts is driven by its mounted gearbox and has its own rotational speed in pairs, the first two (closest to the feed loading holes) shafts rotate faster than the next two. In the upper part of the body there is an opening with a snail swirling air. In the horizontal plane of the truncated part, a cyclone is installed, connected hermetically to the cochlea and through a lock gate, hermetically connected to the internal cavity of the device. Each of the four shafts has one outlet from the end of the housing through a seal for mounting the gearboxes, the inner ends of the shafts are freely fixed in the intermediate supporting support each in its bearing. On the one hand side there are openings in the end face of the casing, through which a material (raw material) for drying is supplied to each section of the drying chamber through the neck, lock gate, channel. On the other hand, in the lower part of the half-cylinders are openings for unloading the material through the lock gates.

The technical result is an improvement in the characteristics of the drying chamber: increasing productivity and durability by distributing the load between several shafts, as well as increasing fire and environmental safety by utilizing dust by returning it to the workspace.

The technical result is achieved due to the design of the drying chamber, which is made with the possibility of connection with the feed conveyor and the heat generator body having a channel for incoming raw materials and an output channel, while the lower part of the body includes horizontally oriented open top half cylinders, inside of which are independent shafts with installed on the entire length of the rods with blades, characterized in that each rod is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, and the blade is made in the form of a rectangular oh plate with rotation around the rod axis to form an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft; each shaft is connected to a mounted gearbox, and said gearboxes have different rotational speeds with the possibility of rotation of shafts closest to the feed opening of the raw materials at a higher speed than subsequent ones; the upper part of the body is made in the form of a rectangular cover with a truncated part with a bevel, in which a hole is made with a snail swirling air, a cyclone is installed in the horizontal plane of the truncated part of the body cover, connected tightly to the cochlea and hermetically connected to the internal cavity of the body through a lock; in this case, each of the shafts is made with an exit from the end face through a seal in the housing for attaching the gearboxes, the inner ends of the shafts are freely fixed in a support bearing each in its bearing; at the same time, in the end face of the housing, on one side, holes are made for supplying bulk material in series through the neck, airlock and a channel for incoming raw materials. As a special case, each half-cylinder of the drying chamber has windows - nozzles.

Between the half-cylinders an air duct is arranged for supplying hot air to the windows - nozzles and through them into the half-cylinders. A cyclone with a vacuum fan is installed on top of the casing, with the possibility of removing through it from the cavity of the dryer the wet drying reagent, the deposition of fine dust and returning it to the feed stream through the lock gate. The side surface of the housing is equipped with a door for servicing the internal cavity, removing and installing shafts.

Differences from the prototype

1. The device with one shaft along the longitudinal axis described in the prototype does not allow drying more than 1.5 t / h (weight of the finished product), since one shaft does not withstand the load of movement at the same time with the required performance of more than 5 tons of material, taking into account moisture. The division of the load into several shafts made it possible to use more economical worm gearboxes, increase the composite length of the dryer shafts (for example, up to 12 m), respectively, the productivity up to 3-5 tons per hour for finished products.

2. To increase the heat transfer efficiency in the proposed model, heated air meets the material throughout the entire internal cavity, blowing through numerous nozzle windows along the entire length of each half cylinder. When meeting with raw materials, heated air raises the evaporated moisture up, and through the outlet funnel of the roof of the casing it is removed from the working cavity. In the design of the prototype: the steam movement lasts until the entire cavity passes through, which causes a slowdown in the drying process from an excess of accumulated moisture.

3. As a significant drawback of the prototype: during removal of the wet drying reagent, fine dust, flour, which is deposited in an external cyclone, outside the production area, is removed along with it. This dust from the cyclone must be periodically removed manually and disposed of. In the proposed utility model, a wet reagent with dust immediately passes the cyclone separating the dust, which returns through the lock gate directly into the cavity of the drying chamber in the discharge zone and through the discharge window, and the lock gate enters the process stream.

4. The main part of the dryer body of the claimed utility model consists of rectangular plates, which simplifies and reduces the cost of manufacture.

5. In the claimed technical solution, hot air passing between the half-cylinders heats them inside the casing, which contributes to the drying process of the material constantly located in them, heat is saved, the half-cylinders form a channel of the air flow distribution on both sides, which partially reduces energy consumption.

6. The inventive drying chamber does not require a foundation, can be placed under a canopy on open ground. The weight of the drying chamber with a productivity of 1.5 t / h for the finished product is not more than 1300 kg.

7. The drying reagent of the claimed technical solution is air heated to 125 ° C, the outlet air temperature is 65 ° C, the drying chamber demonstrates the economics of belt dryers, due to the mechanical movement of the material it allows to dry fine sawdust and lump chips, sticky and moist materials up to 70% humidity , a double-circuit heat generator is used to heat the drying reagent, clean heated air can dry grain for the production of seeds and feed, food, when drying sawdust, from under a debarked log, years, a light with a higher value (the price is 20% more expensive).

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the images in FIG. 1-3:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the drying chamber from the end.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operation of the drying chamber in the longitudinal section of the half-cylinder.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the operation of the drying chamber (isometry).

Where 1 is the direction of movement of the heated air,

2 - channel for the movement of the drying reagent,

3 - shaft

4 - channel input raw materials

5 - lock gate input of raw materials,

6 - feed input funnel,

7 - the path of movement of raw materials,

8 - snail,

9 - channel connection of the cochlea and cyclone,

10 - fan

11 - half cylinder,

12 - cyclone

13 - lock gate of the cyclone,

14 - direction of dust return to the feed stream,

15 - housing shaft bearing,

16 - nozzle windows,

17 - blades,

18 - hole discharge of raw materials,

19 - lock gate exit of raw materials,

20 - upper housing cover,

21 - intermediate shaft support.

In FIG. 1 - shows a cross section of the drying chamber body, the location of the half-cylinders 11, the channel for the movement of the drying reagent 2, the direction of movement of the heated air 1, the nozzle window 16, the shafts 3, the shaped screw with blades 17, the path of movement of the raw materials 7, the cover of the housing 20, the cochlea 8.

In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal axial section of one half cylinder, housing cover 20, with a scroll 8 and cyclone 12, shows the location of all elements of the dryer: 1 heated air inlet, 2 air inlet channel, 3 shaft with blades, 4 raw material inlet channel, 5 raw material inlet lock , 6 feed input funnel, 7 feed path, 8 cochlea, 9 snail and cyclone connection channel, 10 fan, 12 cyclone, 13 cyclone lock gate, 14 dust return to the feed stream, 15 housing shaft bearing, 16 window nozzles, 17 blades , 18 hole for unloading of raw materials, 19 lock for the exit of raw materials, 20 cover for building mustache, 21 intermediate shaft support.

In FIG. 3 shows the place of entry of the feed channels 4 into the dryer housing, the relative position of the shafts 3 in the dryer housing, the position of the raw materials 7 during operation of the dryer, the feed discharge hole 18, the location of the nozzle windows 16, the outlet of hot air 1.

Implementation example

The design includes a housing, the lower part of which includes two (for example) steel half cylinders 11, having the shape of a horizontal axial cross section axially cut horizontally, fixed side by side parallel to the longitudinal edges of the rounded part down. In the space formed between the diameters of the half-cylinders, channel 2, heated clean air 1 is supplied, which through multiple nozzle windows 16 enters the half-cylinders 11 and blows the drying material (raw material). The upper part of the housing 20 is common to all half-cylinders, mainly of rectangular shape, made of plates (sheets of steel), is truncated from one end side at an angle and covers the half-cylinders 11 like a cover 20. It collects moist air, its height H is always greater than the radius of the half-cylinders R In each of the two steel half-cylinders 11 along the axis of symmetry, two independent shafts 3 are arranged successively one after the other, on which the blades 17 are mounted on the rods. The blades are rectangular in shape and rotate its axis coinciding with the axis of the rod in such a way that they form an acute angle (for example, 7 ° -15 °) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft and represent with the shaft a kind of large-diameter shaped screw with which the material is turned and moved from the loading hole to discharge outlet 18, along the half-cylinders 11.

Each of the four shafts 3 is driven by its mounted gearbox, and in pairs has its own rotation frequency, the two shafts closest to the feedstock feed rotate faster than the next two. In the upper part of the housing 20 there is an opening with an air swirling snail 8. In the horizontal plane of the truncated part, a cyclone 10 is installed, which is tightly connected to the scroll and through the lock gate 13, is hermetically connected to the internal cavity of the device. Each of the four shafts 3 has one output from the end of the device, through a seal in the housing, for mounting gearboxes, the inner ends of the shafts are freely fixed in the intermediate supporting support 21, each in its bearing 15. In the end of the housing on one side there are holes through which neck 6, lock gate 5, channel 4, the material for drying is supplied to each section of the drying chamber. On the other hand, in the lower part of the half-cylinders are openings 18 for unloading material through the lock gate 19.

The device operates as follows.

Wet raw material 7 enters through an input funnel 6, a lock gate 5, a raw material input channel 4, into half cylinders, then by blades 17, shafts 3, mixes, dries and advances to the discharge opening 18, through a lock gate 19, goes outside, then is transported by pneumatic transport to storage bin (not shown). The blades 17 raise the raw materials up, at the upper point, the raw materials fall down, are actively blown with hot air, give off moisture, and dry. From the moment the raw material 7 enters the cavity of the half-cylinder 11 through it through numerous windows - nozzles 16, hot air 1 is blown.

A source of hot air is, for example, a dual-circuit heat generator that runs on gas, wood chips, sawdust, fuel oil with temperatures up to 150 °. Hot air is supplied to the channel 2 of the dryer using air ducts. To move the air in the drying chamber by the fan 10, cyclone 12, a vacuum is created, since it is hermetically connected through the duct 9, the scroll 8, with the internal airtight cavity of the drying chamber, a vacuum also arises in it. Due to the discharge from one side and the pressure from the channel 2 from the heat generator, hot air starts to blow through the nozzle windows 16, falling on the falling raw materials 7 intensively dries it. In the zone of the cochlea 8, a swirl of the air flow occurs, the dust 14 is inertia heavier than air and partially flies out of the flow, settling back into the half-cylinders 11. Residues of dust settle in the cyclone 12, through the lock gate 13, are removed to the area of the discharge opening 18, are returned to the feed stream through airlock 19.

Claims (2)

1. A drying chamber for bulk materials, comprising a housing adapted to be connected to a feed conveyor and a heat generator, having a feed channel and an output channel, the lower part of the housing comprising horizontally oriented open top half cylinders, inside of which are independent shafts with installed throughout the length of the rods with blades, characterized in that each rod is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, and the blade is made in the form of a rectangular plate with rotation around the axis of the rod with the formation of an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, each shaft being connected to a mounted gearbox, said gearboxes having different rotational speeds with the possibility of rotating the shafts closest to the feed opening of the raw materials at a higher speed than subsequent ones, with of the case is made in the form of a rectangular cover with a truncated part with a bevel, in which a hole with an air swirling screw is made, a cyclone is installed in the horizontal plane of the truncated part of the case cover, soy Inonii snail and sealingly through the rotary valve sealingly connected to the interior of the housing; wherein each of the shafts is made with the outlet from the end through a seal in the housing for mounting the gearboxes, the inner ends of the shafts are freely fixed in the supporting support each in its bearing, while the holes on the side of the housing are made for supplying bulk material sequentially through the neck, lock shutter and channel for the receipt of raw materials. 2. The chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that each half-cylinder has windows - nozzles.

Images