RU2351636C2 - Device for production of pellets and granules - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in bioenergetics. Initial wood raw material via gate 6 is supplied to pneumatic line 3, along which it is transported with the help of air flow created by fan 4. In process of transportation, wood raw material gets into upper part of device, where vertical auger 2 rotates. In lower part of shaft 7, where auger 2 is installed 2, cutting knives 8 are placed with different quantity of blades. Wood raw material comes to cutting knives 8, is ground and pushed with the help of auger 2 and pneumatic line head through calibrating holes 10 of fixed disks 9. Through feeder 12 crushed wood raw material gets into drying chamber 13 and to helical fixed spiral 14.

EFFECT: reduction of construction and erection works, reduced number of servicing personnel, increased efficiency of pellets and granules.

1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to bioenergy and can be used in the construction of plants for the production of pellets and granules.

State of the art

The authors are aware of an analogue - vertical circulation mine devices (see L.V. Gordon et al. Technology of wood chemical production. M., Goslesbumizdat, 1960, pp. 78-87). A common feature of the vertical device is the continuous circulation of the coolant, usually flue gases, obtained as a result of the combustion of non-condensable device gases and gases obtained during the gasification of charcoal in a gas generator. Thus, in the device, the pyrolysis process proceeds continuously with periodic loading of wood in small portions to the top and periodically unloading chilled charcoal in small portions from the bottom of the device. Such a device works as follows. Dried wood to a moisture content of 10-14% is fed into the hopper of the device, then it is fed through the lock gate every 15-20 minutes to the shaft of the device, where it dries up, is charred, and then the coal formed is calcined.

Wood as carbonization goes down in the shaft of the device. Charcoal below the coolant supply zone is cooled by a stream of cold non-condensable gases with a temperature of 30-40 ° C, and then unloaded through the lower lock gate into the trolley.

Unfortunately, in such a device it is impossible to obtain pellets or granules using its good technical and economic advantages, namely the continuity of the process, the lack of installation and partially construction work, since the device arrives at the enterprises in full factory readiness. With this design, only charcoal can be obtained from wood.

The authors also know the arrangement of equipment and the technological process for the production of pellets and pellets (see Rakitova OS, Ovsyanko A.D., Aleksandrova S.E. Directory. Wood and fuel pellets. St. Petersburg, 2005, 32- 40). The whole process of production of pellets or pellets consists of several stages: wood chopping, drying of chopped wood, regrinding of wood, water treatment, pressing, cooling, packaging and packaging of finished products. At each stage of the technological process, commercially available equipment is used, namely, chippers, hammer mills, drying drums, press granulators, batchers, packaging lines for finished products. This equipment is supplied by manufacturers to the enterprises and requires the construction of a rather expensive production building, installation and commissioning, connection of each equipment in the pellet and pellet production stream by conveyors or pneumatic conveyor, with each item of equipment being controlled by the operator. Such a plant for the production of pellets or pellets is expensive, difficult to build and install, and also has increased operating costs.

The authors are also aware of the prototype “Automated line for the production of wood pellets” (see Yu.A. Pravpnikov. Wood waste - as an income. Journal "Bioenergy", March-May 2006, p.22-23).

The automated line includes: dry raw material warehouses, a heat generator, a drying drum, a crusher, pellet or pellet presses, conveyors, pneumatic conveyors, a finished product bin, a packaging line. This line is produced by the Astek group of companies, and its productivity can range from 2 to 15 tons per hour for feedstock. The company provides the consumer with the supply of equipment, installation, commissioning and commissioning of equipment. The production building must be built by the Customer. Thus, in order to commission an automated line for the production of wood pellets, the Customer must build an industrial building with a size of at least 24 × 48 × 8 m with a minimum cost of 1 m ^{2 of} more than 10.0 thousand rubles, and pay for the transport delivery of equipment in the amount of at least 20% of the cost of the equipment of the line, pay for installation of equipment in the workshop in the amount of at least 30% of the cost of the line, pay commissioning for each piece of equipment in the amount of at least 10% of the cost of the line.

Thus, the creation of an automated line for the production of wood pellets is a very expensive process, which ultimately affects the cost of production and its competitiveness in the markets.

Disclosure of invention

A device for the production of pellets and granules is proposed, containing a housing, electric motors, conveyor-pneumatic pipelines, a feed system for raw materials and finished products harvesting, in which a vertical screw is installed in the upper part of its housing and a feed pipe is connected, and on the lower part of the shaft, on which a screw is installed, chopping knives with a different number of blades are planted, and fixed disks with calibration holes of different diameters are located between the knives, while the last disk is connected through a batcher an awning chamber with a fixed smooth spiral screw, at the beginning of which there is a pneumatic line for supplying hot air, a dispenser is installed at the bottom of the drying chamber directly at its outlet, which is connected to a press granulator, the drive of which is located on the outer part of the device for the production of pellets and granules, and on the bottom of the device is attached a conical nozzle for passing pellets or pellets to the cooling conveyor and harvesting the finished product.

The presence of such distinguishing features from the prototype allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution has a significant novelty.

To prove the compliance of the proposed device for the production of pellets and pellets with the criterion of significant difference, a comparison was made of the main features with a prototype - an automated line for the production of wood pellets. As a result, it was found that the production of wood pellets and pellets does not require an industrial building, there are no construction and commissioning works, since the device is completely manufactured in the factory, installation work is minimized, it includes only installing the device on the foundation of an industrial site without any foundation. Since the device is undergoing a continuous process of production of pellets or granules and at the same time additional moving operations of the initial wood raw material are not required, the productivity of the device can be drastically increased even up to 100 t / h for raw materials by increasing the overall diameter of the body. The entire technological process in the device is easily automated, so it is served by only 2 people, one at the feed of raw materials, the other at the outlet of the finished product.

The technical result, which gives a positive effect in comparison with the prototype, is determined by the properties shown in the table.

Analysis of the table data shows that the inventive device for the production of pellets and granules can be implemented taking into account the above technical parameters.

Comparison results Properties and other indicators The claimed product Prototype Automated Wood Pellet Production Line one 2 3 Production purpose Production of pellets and granules Pellet production Availability of a production building No Building at least 48 × 24 × 8 m Construction works Are absent Not less than 10.0 thousand rubles. for 1m ² Installation work 3% of the cost of the device 30% of the line cost Commissioning works Are absent 10% of the line cost Raw Productivity 10 to 100 t / h 2 to 15 t / h Attendants 2 7 Occupied production area, m ² 56 No less than 1152 Height, m Not less than 10 8

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a diagram of a device for the production of pellets and granules.

Figure 2 is a view of the device along section AA.

The implementation of the invention

The device for the production of pellets and pellets consists of a housing 1, in the upper part of which a vertical screw 2 with an electric motor 5 is installed and a pneumatic pipe 3 is connected with a fan 4, an engine 5 and a lock 6 for supplying wood raw materials. Chopping knives 8 with different number of blades are planted on the lower part of the shaft 7, on which the screw is mounted, and fixed disks 9 with calibration holes 10 of different diameters are located between the knives, and a drying chamber 13 with a fixed smooth screw is connected through the dispenser 12 to the last disk 11 a spiral 14, and at the beginning of this spiral, a pneumatic pipe 15 for supplying hot air is connected to the dryer, a dispenser 17 is installed at the bottom of the drying chamber 16, which is connected to the press granulator 18, the drive 19 which is located on the outside of the device, and the pellet mill has a matrix 20 through which the impellers 21 press pellets or granules depending on the holes in the matrix. A nozzle 22 is attached to the bottom of the device, which passes pellets or granules to the conveyor 23 for cooling and harvesting the finished product for further packaging. There is a pipe 24 in the dryer to discharge excess hot air.

A device for the production of pellets and pellets as follows.

The feedstock through the gateway 6 is fed into the pneumatic pipe 3, through which it moves using the air flow created by the fan 4 using the electric motor 5. Moving, the wood feed enters the upper part of the device, where the vertical screw 2 rotates using the electric motor 5, and the lower part of the shaft 7 on which the screw is mounted, chopping knives 8 with a different number of blades are planted. The wood raw material, falling on chopping knives, is crushed and pushed through the calibration holes 10 of the fixed disks 9 with the screw and pressure in the pneumatic conduit; when the disk passes, the wood raw material is crushed less and less and, when it reaches the dispenser 12, becomes suitable for drying and production of pellets or granules. Through the dispenser 12, the small feed enters the drying chamber 13 and enters the fixed screw spiral 14, through which, under the influence of the hot air pressure, which is supplied at the beginning of this spiral through the pneumatic pipe 15, it moves down the dryer, the speed of movement of the drying raw material is determined by the spiral pitch and pressure hot air so that at the bottom of the dryer it is dried to 10-12% humidity. Then this dried feed is transferred to the outlet 16 of the drying chamber and enters the dispenser 17, which dispenses a portion of the raw material for the press granulator 18, the drive 19 of which is brought to the outside of the device. The pellet mill has a die 20 through which its impellers 21 press pellets or granules depending on the size of the holes in the die. The resulting pellets or granules are transported to the bottom of the device, to which a nozzle 22 is attached, which passes the pellets or granules to a conveyor 23, on which they are cooled and transferred for further packaging. Excess hot air through the pipe 24 is released into the atmosphere.

The use of a device for the production of pellets and pellets will drastically reduce construction and installation work, reduce the number of maintenance personnel, increase the productivity of pellets and pellets, and therefore operational costs, which will make environmentally friendly biofuel competitive for foreign markets.

Claims (1)

A device for the production of pellets and granules containing a housing, electric motors, conveyors, pneumatic pipelines, a feed system for raw materials and finished products, characterized in that a vertical screw is installed in the upper part of its housing and a pneumatic feed pipe is connected, and on the lower part of the shaft, where the auger is installed, chopping knives with a different number of blades are planted, fixed disks with calibration holes of different diameters are located between the knives, while the last disk is connected through a dispenser to the last disk an awning chamber with a fixed smooth spiral screw, at the beginning of which there is a pneumatic line for supplying hot air, a dispenser is installed at the bottom of the drying chamber directly at its outlet, which is connected to a press granulator, the drive of which is located on the outer part of the device for the production of pellets and granules, and a conical nozzle is attached to its lower part for passing pellets or granules onto the cooling conveyor and harvesting the finished product.

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