RU187669U1 - TERMINAL WITH TERMINAL INSULATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The terminal refers to the fastening elements of the rails to the base of the railway track. To increase the reliability of the terminal, it contains a clamping element made of a curved round bar forming a contour with curves at the places of bending and a U-shaped middle part, and a clamping insulator inside which there is a U-shaped middle part of the clamping element. A large portion of the U-shaped middle part of the clamping element is located in the oval cavity of the clamping insulator, on top of each end of the clamping element there is a downward extending locking recess for holding the clamping element on the bracket of the rail mounting anchor to the base of the railway track. A pyramidal protrusion is made inside the oval cavity of the pressure insulator, which contacts the U-shaped middle part of the pressure element with an inclined front side, inclined sides and a convex rear side of the protrusion. From the bottom, the clamping insulator is made with a starting rounding that passes into the lower flat working trapezoidal in plan contact area, which is located below the pyramidal protrusion with an offset towards the end of the U-shaped middle part. The contact area is offset downward from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the U-shaped middle part of the pressure insulator by an amount greater than the displacement of the upper flat surface of the pressure insulator from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the middle part of the pressure element. In this case, the contact area is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the middle part of the clamping element, and the upper surface of the clamping insulator is parallel to the middle part of the clamping element.

Description

This technical solution relates to means of fastening the rails to the base of the railway track. The terminal is designed for its use in the nodes of the rail to the base of the railway.

A clamp with a clamping insulator is known from the publications. made of spring steel, and the clamping insulator is made of elastic high-strength plastic, the materials of the clamping element and the clamping insulator have different colors (Yandex, The principle of operation of the rail fixtures. Types of rail fasteners. Archivis.ru. Kmarhiv, 27.12.2015).

It is known an anchor rail fastener containing rigidly mounted anchors in the rail base with spring terminals mounted on their heads with terminal sections of the terminals directed across the axis of the rail for tensioning and with the possibility of pressing the rail with terminals to the rail base (RU 2008104229 A, 08.20.2009).

Known rail fastening terminal made by bending the bar and containing three loops, two of which are internal, molded near the end sections directed in one direction, and at the third external loop, resting the middle part on the rail, the branches are a continuation of the outer branches of the first two loops, moreover, the width of the outer loop is made in 1.05 ... 1.22 times the length of the terminal, measured along the branches of the outer loop. The longitudinal axis of the end sections before installation are located in a plane inclined to the plane of the longitudinal axis of the outer branches at an angle in the range of 0.8 ... 5 °. The minimum clearance between the end sections of the terminal is not more than 0.7 of the diameter of the terminal bar. The end sections are made convergent as they approach the ends of the bar. The ends are rounded at the top. An anchor for holding the terminal is provided, comprising a shank embedded in the tie, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail and having a cavity, and a support on the tie with elements for fixing the terminal against sliding off the rail made on the end of the support, and the width of the cavity in the wall of the anchor does not exceed 2.8 diameter of the terminal bar, and the clamping elements of the terminal are made in the form of two recesses on the support, the depth of which is 0.2 ... 0.6 diameter of the terminal bar. The inclined upper surface of its cavity is made curly in the shape of the terminal sections of the terminal (RU 2255165 C1, 06.27.2005).

An intermediate rail fastening is known, containing anchors, two spring terminals worn on the heads of the anchors and configured to interact with the end mustache through the voltage regulator with the corresponding brackets of the head of the anchor and with the possibility of interaction with the straight part of the terminal with the rail (RU 2254407 C1, 06/20/2005).

An anchor rail fastening is known, which contains two spring terminals worn on the heads of the anchors and configured to interact with the end mustache through a voltage regulator with the corresponding brackets of the anchor head with the possibility of pressing the rail with the rectilinear nadral part of the terminals to the rail base (RU 61296 U8, 04/27/2007).

Known rail fastening containing a spring steel terminal, which is made in the form of a multilayer package of steel corrugated plates (RU 82710 U1, 05/10/2009).

A device is known for fastening rails to reinforced concrete sleepers, containing terminals mounted on the sleepers, each of which is connected to the anchor brackets via a regulator, while the branches of each terminal are mounted to interact with the rail and the lining mounted on the sleepers (RU 1401095 A1, 07.06. 1988).

A rail fastening for a path on a reinforced concrete base is known, containing an elastic two-branch terminal located between the vertical walls of the anchor so that the ends of its branches can contact the upper face of the rail sole, and the closed part, through the terminal strip, with the base concrete, a tension element for fixing the terminal with a stopper (SU 1794966 A1, 02/15/1993).

A device for securing a rail on a base is known, comprising wedge-shaped terminals having longitudinally oval openings for horizontal movement, in the back of the wedge-shaped terminals have an oblique oval cut for self-jamming, and in the lower part of the wedge-shaped terminals have an oval ledge for fixing in the idle position when released fixing bolts (RU 2300598 C1, 06/10/2007).

An analogue of the technical solution presented in this description is a terminal with a clamping insulator containing a clamping element made of a curved elastic round bar, forming a W-shaped contour with rounded corners in a plan view, while the terminal contains a clamping insulator worn on the curved middle part of the clamping element (RU 136441 U1, 01/10/2014). The pressure insulator has a positioning protrusion for fixing the insulator on the pressure element.

A disadvantage of the analogue is that the positioning protrusion adjacent to the clamping element is convex towards the clamping element, which during operation leads to relatively rapid wear of the protrusion, the appearance of a gap in the connection, which leads to the breakdown of the clamping insulator on the clamping element and to the destruction of the clamping insulator . The insufficient reliability of the connection of the clamping insulator with the clamping element leads to the need to replace the clamping insulator. The reliability of the terminal is also adversely affected by the geometry of the pressure insulator and the pressure element, the selected angles of inclination of the working surfaces with respect to each other, and the shape of the working surfaces. For example, in the zone of entry of the pressure element into the cavity of the pressure insulator, the end face of the latter has two closed edges formed by the plane of the end face located at right angles to the external closed surface of the pressure insulator. Such edges lead to the appearance of microcracks in them, which grow during long-term operation of the terminal.

The technical result of the terminal presented in this description is to increase its reliability.

The technical result is obtained by a terminal with a clamping insulator containing a clamping element made of a curved round bar, forming a W-shaped contour with curvatures at the bending points and a U-shaped middle part, a clamping insulator inside which there is a U-shaped middle part of the clamping bar element in such a way that a larger section of the U-shaped middle part of the clamping element is located in the oval cavity of the clamping insulator, and downwardly extending pyramidal protrusion in the oval cavity of the pressure insulator in contact with the U-shaped middle part of the pressure element with the inclined front side, the inclined sides and the convex rear side of the protrusion, from the bottom of the pressure insulator made with a starting rounding, turning into a lower flat working trapezoidal in plan contact area, which is located below the pyramids distal protrusion with a shift towards the end of the U-shaped middle part, the contact area is shifted downward from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the U-shaped middle part of the pressure insulator by an amount greater than the displacement of the upper flat surface of the pressure insulator from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the middle part of the pressure element, the contact area is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the middle part of the pressure element, and the upper surface of the pressure insulator is parallel to the middle part of the pressure element.

The clamping element is made of spring steel, the clamping insulator is made of high-strength elastic plastic, and the materials of the clamping element and the clamping insulator have different colors to facilitate detection of cracks in the clamping insulator.

The upper side of the pressure insulator is made flat, its sides are rounded, the front part is made with beveled corners and rounded edges.

The middle part of the clamping element is made in the form of a central loop with straight branches, the width of the loop in its front is greater than the width of the loop in the back, where the branches are in contact with each other, each end part of the clamping element is made in the form of an end loop, curved to the outside of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the terminal in a vertical plane relative to the Central loop, and the width of the end loop on the front side of the clamping element is less than the width of the end loop in the rear of the clamping element.

In the front view, the clamping element has a length H, and the contact area has a length h, while h depends on H within the limits h = H (0.3-0.7).

On the side of the terminal, the clamping insulator has a front rounded part, which has a width T, while in the zone of width T there is a contact area having a width t, which is depending on T within t = T (0.3-0.7) .

The inner surface of the clamping insulator in contact with the clamping element along the perimeter between points B and C is made along the radius R and of the body of revolution, while the radius R and is equal to the radius RE of the clamping element 1 to ensure a tight fit of the insulator on the clamping element, increasing the contact area of the surfaces of the insulator and clamping element and exclusion of displacement of the insulator relative to the clamping element during operation of the terminal.

The contact area is inclined to the horizontal at an angle α equal to the angle of inclination of the inclined surface of the sole of the standard rail, while taking into account the manufacturing errors of the terminal and rail, the angle α is in the range of α = 10-20 °.

The diameter of each terminal branch is larger than the passage section of the narrowed part of the pressure insulator, while the input of the pressure insulator has a beveled front side in its cavity, which interacts with the U-shaped middle part of the pressure element in the process of pressing the pressure insulator on the middle part of the pressure element.

The contact area is inclined at an angle β = 8-12 ° to the longitudinal axis of the middle part of the clamping element.

The end face of the pressure insulator in the zone of its connection with the pressure element is rounded, and this rounding is a continuation of a round-shaped closed thickening located at the end of the pressure insulator on its outer side and forming a belt of strength of the end of the insulator.

Figure 1 shows a terminal with a clamping insulator in front view. In FIG. 2 - terminal with clamping insulator in side view. In FIG. 3-longitudinal section of the terminal along its axis of symmetry.

In FIG. 4 is a section AA in FIG. 3. In FIG. 5 - terminal in a top view.

In FIG. 6 is an enlarged diagram of the front of the terminal. The clamp insulator terminal contains a clamping element 1 (Fig. 1), made of a curved round bar, forming in a top view (Fig. 4) a W-shaped contour with curves at the bending points and a U-shaped middle part. The terminal also contains a clamping insulator 2, inside of which there is a U-shaped middle part of the clamping element. The pressure insulator 2 is pressed onto the curved middle part 3 of the pressure element 1 so that a large length of the middle part of the pressure element 1 is located in the oval cavity 4 (Fig. 3, 5) of the pressure insulator.

Near the end face 5 of each branch of the clamping element 1, a chamfer 6 is made from the bottom of the branch. From above, at each end of the clamping element 1, a locking recess 7 extends downward (Fig. 2) to hold the clamping element 1 on the bracket of the rail mounting anchor to the base of the railway track ( anchor not shown).

Inside the oval cavity 4 (Fig. 4, 5) of the pressure insulator 2, a pyramidal protrusion 8 is made with an inclined front side 9, sides 10 and a concave back side 11 (Fig. 3, 4). The side 11 of the protrusion is in tight contact with the middle part 3 of the clamping element 1.

In the top view (Fig. 5), the clamping insulator 2 is made in the form of a rectangle with beveled front corners 12. On the lower side 13 (Fig. 3) of the front of the clamping insulator, a rounded protrusion is made 14. In front of the clamping insulator 2 is made with a rounded upper corner surface 15 and the upper flat surface 16, which is parallel to the middle part 3 of the clamping element 1 (Fig. 3).

From the bottom, the clamping insulator 2 is made with a starting rounding 17, turning into a lower flat working contact pad 18, designed for tight sliding contact with the upper surface of the rail sole (rail not shown). The contact pad 18 is located below the pyramidal protrusion 8 with an offset to the outside, while the contact pad begins in the area in which the protrusion 8 ends and extends toward the front of the terminal. The contact pad 1 has a trapezoidal shape in front view (Fig. 1), it is offset downward from the longitudinal axis of symmetry 19 (Fig. 3) of the pressure insulator 2 by an amount greater than the displacement of the upper flat surface 16 of the pressure insulator 2 from the longitudinal axis of symmetry 19. The contact pad 18 is inclined to the longitudinal axis 19 (Fig. 6) of the middle part 3 of the clamping element 1 to the side of the axis 19. The contact pad 18 (Fig. 3) is inclined at an angle β = 8-12 ° to the longitudinal axis 19 of the middle part pressure element and at the same time it is inclined to the horizontal (Fig. 6) at an angle α equal to the angle of inclination of the inclined surface of the rail sole (not shown). Taking into account the manufacturing errors of the terminal, the angle α is in the range of α = 10-20 °. Also, the pad 18 is shifted downward from the longitudinal axis 19 (Fig. 3) by an amount in the range of 10–25 mm, and the upper surface 16 of the pressure insulator 2 is offset upward from the longitudinal axis 19 by an amount in the range of 7–13 mm.

The clamping element 1 is made of spring steel, and the clamping insulator 2 is made of dielectric, having a given elasticity of impact-resistant plastic, preferably of a modified impact-resistant polyamide. The materials of element 1 and insulator 2 have different colors to facilitate the detection of cracks in the pressure insulator 2.

The upper side of the pressure insulator is made flat (Fig. 2), its sides are rounded (Fig. 1), the front part is made with beveled corners and rounded edges (Fig. 4), part of the front surface is made flat (Fig. 2), under which at an obtuse angle to the front surface is located the starting curvature 17 (Fig. 3), passing into the contact pad 18.

The middle part 3 of the pressing element 2 is made in the form of a central loop with partially rectilinear branches (Fig. 4), the width of the loop in its front part is greater than the width of the loop in the rear part, where the branches are in contact with each other. Each end part of the clamping element is made in the form of an end loop bent outward from the longitudinal axis of symmetry 19 (Fig. 2, 3) in a vertical plane relative to the central loop, and the width of the end loop from the front of the clamping element is less than the width of the end loop in the rear clamping element.

In the front view (Fig. 1), the clamping element 1 has a length H, and the working contact area 18 has a length h, while h depends on H within h = H (0.3-0.7).

In the side view of the terminal (Fig. 2), the clamping element 1 has a front rounded part that has a width T (Fig. 6), while in the zone of width T there is a working contact area 18 having a width t that depends on T in limits t = T (0.3-0.7).

The end face 20 (Fig. 6) of the pressure insulator 2 is rounded to prevent microcracks at the end, and the entire inner surface of the pressure insulator 2 in contact with the pressure element 1 along the perimeter between points B and C is made along the radius R and the body of revolution. The radius Ri is equal to the radius Re of the clamping element 1, which ensures a tight fit of the insulator 2 on the clamping element 1, as well as the largest contact area of the surfaces of the insulator 2 and element 1. The location of points B and C is chosen in such a way as to ensure reliable from a safety point of view the angle of coverage of element 1 by insulator 2, eliminating the displacement of insulator 2 relative to element 1 during the long term operation of the terminal.

In the area where the pyramidal protrusion 8 is located (Fig. 8), at the entrance to the cavity of the pressure insulator, the protrusion 8 has a beveled down side 9, with which the sliding U-shaped middle part 3 of the pressure element is in tight contact during the process of pressing the pressure insulator onto it.

At the end of the pressure insulator 2, on its outer side, a thickening 21 closed along the perimeter of the end is made, forming a belt of strength of the end of the pressure insulator 2.

The terminal operates as follows. When assembling the terminal, its clamping insulator 2 is mounted on the U-shaped middle part 3 of the clamping element so that the beveled side 9 of the protrusion 8 slides along the middle part 3 of the clamping element (Fig. 3), and due to the elasticity of the wall of the clamping insulator in the contact zone of the beveled side 9 with the middle part 3 of the pressure element of the wall of the pressure insulator 2 are distributed to the sides and the middle part 3 enters the space of the oval cavity 4, limited by points B and C (Fig. 6). At the same time, due to the elastic forces of the pressure insulator, its walls are closed, and the terminal takes the form shown in FIG. 3, 6. In this position, the middle part 3 of the pressing element abuts against the concave rear side 11 of the protrusion 8 (Fig. 4), and the middle part 3 of the pressing element 1 is locked in the oval cavity 4 of the pressing insulator.

During operation, the terminal is in the position shown in figures 1-3, while the end parts of the terminal branches are pinched in the anchors (not shown) of the rail fastening so that in the recesses 7 of the terminal are the corresponding protrusions of the anchors fixed in the base of the rail. In this position, the working contact area 18 of the pressing member 1 is located on the outer inclined surface of the rail sole (not shown), and due to the elasticity of the pressing element 1, the entire area of the platform 18 is in tight working contact with the inclined surface of the rail sole. Moreover, the contact density of these surfaces is achieved by choosing the angle of inclination α to the horizontal equal to the angle of inclination of the inclined surface of the rail sole.

During operation, bending alternating loads from forces directed up and down act on the terminal. The upward force arises when the rail bends during the movement of the railway rolling stock, while the sole of the rail through the contact pad 18 (Fig. 6) transfers the force of separation of the rail from the base of the path to the pressure insulator 2 and the contact surface between points B and C to the elastic element 1 having elastic properties, which dampens the indicated loads due to elasticity and transfers them to the anchors fixed in the base of the path.

Due to the tight, almost press fit of the pressure insulator on the pressure element, the possibility of movement of the pressure insulator on it and the appearance of gaps between it and the pressure element, leading to the appearance of shock loads and breaks in the wall of the pressure insulator, reduce the reliability of the terminal and the need for frequent replacement of the pressure insulator, are excluded.

Due to the rounded end of the pressure insulator, the rectangular edges of the pressure insulator and the appearance of microcracks growing during operation, which also significantly reduce the reliability of the terminal, are excluded. At the same time, the selected slope angles of the contact pad provided a significant increase in the contact area between the clamp insulator and the sole of the rail, which made it possible to reduce the stress concentration in the contact zone, reduce wear of the clamp insulator, and increase the reliability of the terminal.

Claims (11)

1. A terminal with a clamping insulator, comprising a clamping element made of a curved round bar, forming a W-shaped contour with curvatures at the bending points and a U-shaped middle part, a clamping insulator, inside which there is a U-shaped middle part of the clamping element so that a larger portion of the U-shaped middle part of the clamping element is located in the oval cavity of the clamping insulator, on top of each end of the clamping element is made downwardly extending locking recess for pressing the clamping element on the bracket of the rail mounting anchor to the base of the railway track, a pyramidal protrusion is made inside the oval cavity of the clamping insulator in contact with the U-shaped middle part of the clamping element with the inclined front side, sides and the concave back side of the protrusion, the clamping insulator is made from the bottom with a rounding passing into the lower flat working trapezoidal in plan contact area, which is located below the pyramidal protrusion with an offset towards end of the U-shaped middle part, the contact pad is offset downward from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the U-shaped middle part of the pressure insulator by an amount greater than the displacement of the upper flat surface of the pressure insulator from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the middle part of the pressure element, while the contact pad is inclined to the longitudinal axis the middle part of the pressure element, and the upper surface of the pressure insulator is parallel to the middle part of the pressure element. 2. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping element is made of spring steel, the clamping insulator is made of elastic high-strength plastic, and the materials of the clamping element and the clamping insulator have different colors to facilitate detection of cracks in the clamping insulator. 3. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper side of the pressure insulator is made flat, its sides are rounded, the front part is made with beveled corners and rounded edges. 4. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle part of the clamping element is made in the form of a central loop with straight branches, the width of the loop in its front part is greater than the width of the loop in the back part, where the branches touch each other, with each end part of the clamp the element is made in the form of an end loop bent outward from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the terminal in a vertical plane relative to the central loop, and the width of the end loop from the front of the clamping element is less than the width of the end loop at the back of the pressure member. 5. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that in the front view the clamping element has a length H, and the contact area has a length h, while h depends on H within h = H (0.3-0.7) . 6. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the side view of the terminal, the pressure insulator has a front rounded part that has a width T, while in the zone of width T there is a contact area having a width t that depends on T within t = T (0.3-0.7). 7. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the pressure insulator in contact with the pressure element along the perimeter between points B and C is made along the radius R and the body of revolution, while the radius R and is equal to the radius Re of the pressure element to ensure a tight fit of the insulator on the clamping element, increasing the contact area of the surfaces of the insulator and the clamping element and eliminating the displacement of the insulator relative to the clamping element during operation of the terminal. 8. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact area is inclined horizontally at an angle α equal to the angle of inclination of the inclined surface of the sole of the standard rail, while taking into account the manufacturing errors of the terminal and the rail, the angle α is in the range α = 10-20 ° . 9. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of each terminal branch is larger than the bore of the narrowed part of the pressure insulator, while the input of the pressure insulator has a beveled front side in its cavity, interacting with the U-shaped middle part of the pressure element during pressing pressure insulator on the middle part of the pressure element. 10. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact area is inclined at an angle β = 8-12 ° to the longitudinal axis of the middle part of the clamping element. 11. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the end face of the pressure insulator in the zone of its connection with the pressure element is rounded, and this rounding is a continuation of the rounded in section cross-section of a thickening located on the end of the pressure insulator on its outside and forming a strength belt end of the insulator.

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