RU2255165C1 - Fastener and anchor for rail connection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railroad building, particularly for continuous welded rail fastening.

SUBSTANCE: fastener is formed by bar bending and includes three loops. Two loops, namely inner ones, are formed at end bar parts extended in one direction. The third, outer, loop rests upon rail by medium part thereof and has branches formed as extensions of outer ones of the first two loops. Outer loop width is equal to 1.05 - 1.22 fastener lengths measured along outer loop branches. Anchor for fastener retaining comprises tail part embedded in sleeper, wall with cavity adapted to limit lateral rail movement and sleeper supported part having fixing members formed on end of sleeper supported part to prevent fastener from drifting out of the rail. Anchor wall cavity width is equal to 2.8 fastener bar diameters. Fixing members are formed as two orifices made in sleeper supported part and have depths equal to 0.2 - 0.6 of fastener bar diameters.

EFFECT: increased reliability.

7 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of railways and can be used when equipped with fasteners continuous joint path.

Known rail fastening terminal [1], made by bending the bar, containing three loops, two of which are internal, molded near the end sections, and at the third external loop, resting the middle part on the rail, the branches are a continuation of the outer branches of the first two loops. These signs coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention. The ends of the terminal are directed towards each other. The width of the outer loop of the terminal is 1.7 times the length of the terminal, measured along the branches of the outer loop. The length of the loaded end sections of the terminal from the place of loading to the point of their support on the sleeper is 2 times less than the length of the terminal.

An anchor for holding the terminal of this fastener comprises a shank embedded in a tie, a wall having a cavity for interacting with the central part of the terminal, a support on the tie and elements for securing the terminal from sliding off the rail. These signs coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention. The clamp fixing elements are made in the wall of the anchor. The anchor serves only for fixing the terminal and does not perceive lateral loads from the rail.

The disadvantage of the terminal and anchor of this rail fastening is their lack of reliability in transit. The transfer of lateral loads from the rail to the railroad tie through the liner, and not through the anchor, leads to spalling and chipping of concrete at the place of contact with the liner. In addition, the mounting and holding force of the terminal in the loaded state is 2 times greater compared to the force pressing the terminal onto the rail based on the condition of equal bending moments relative to the support point on the railroad tie and since the mounting force is applied close to the terminal support on the railroad tie. As a result, there is a large force of pulling the anchor out of the sleepers and wear of the holding points of the terminal ends.

Known rail fastening terminal [2], made by bending the bar, containing three loops and end sections directed in one direction. These signs coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention. The terminal loops in the plan form the letter “M”. Grooves are made at the ends of the terminal to secure it from slipping off the rail. The width of the terminal is 0.9 of its length. The length of the loaded end sections of the terminal from the place of loading to the point of their support on the sleeper is 1.75 times less than the length of the terminal.

The anchor for holding the terminal of this fastener comprises a shank embedded in the tie, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail and having a cavity, support on the tie and elements for fixing the terminal against sliding off the rail. These signs coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention. The fixing elements of the terminal are placed on the lateral surfaces of the anchor, on which inclined surfaces are also made for loading the terminal during installation.

The disadvantage of the terminal and anchor of this rail fastening is their lack of reliability in transit. In addition, the fastening does not allow you to adjust the position of the rail in level and to adjust the gauge.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is the rail fastening terminal [3], made by bending the bar, containing three loops, two of which are internal, molded near the end sections directed in one direction, and the third external loop, resting the middle part on the rail , the branches are a continuation of the outer branches of the first two loops. These signs coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention. The width of the outer loop of the terminal is 1.34 times greater than the length of the terminal, measured along the branches of the outer loop.

An anchor for holding the terminal of this fastener comprises a shank embedded in the tie, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail and having a cavity, and a support on the tie with elements for fixing the terminal against sliding off the rail, made on the end of the support. These signs coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention. Anchor has two shanks connected to each other. A device for loading the terminal is located in the cavity of the anchor.

The disadvantage of the terminal and anchor of this rail fastening is their lack of reliability in transit. The terminal has insufficient vertical elasticity of 0.87 mm / kN due to the large ratio of the terminal width to its length. To adjust the track level by inserting cards under the rail, a special device is used to reduce the deflection of the terminal after inserting cards. It is difficult to determine the optimal deflection of the terminal depending on the height of the cards during installation on the way, which reduces the reliability of bonding. In addition, the fastening does not allow you to adjust the width of the rail track. There is no terminal overload protection during bonding.

The basis of the invention is the task of rail fastening by means of a new form of terminal and anchor, to ensure increased reliability of rail fastening.

To solve this problem, the rail fastening terminal is made by bending the rod and contains three loops, two of which are internal, molded near the end sections directed in one direction, and at the third external loop, resting the middle part on the rail, the branches are a continuation of the outer branches of the first two loops. Unlike the prototype, the width of the outer loop is made 1.05 ... 1.22 times the length of the terminal, measured along the branches of the outer loop. The longitudinal axes of the end sections before installation are located in a plane inclined to the plane of the longitudinal axes of the outer branches at an angle in the range of 0.8 ° ... 5 °. The minimum clearance between the end sections of the terminal is not more than 0.7 of the diameter of the terminal bar. The end sections are made convergent as they approach the ends of the bar. The ends of the terminal are rounded at the top.

An anchor for holding the terminal comprises a shank embedded in the tie, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail and having a cavity, and a support on the tie with elements for fixing the terminal against sliding off the rail, made on the end of the support. Unlike the prototype, the width of the cavity in the wall of the anchor does not exceed 2.8 of the diameter of the terminal rod, and the elements of fixation of the terminal are made in the form of two recesses on the support, the depth of which is 0.2 ... 0.6 of the diameter of the terminal rod. The inclined upper surface of its cavity is made curly in the shape of the terminal sections of the terminal.

The foregoing features of the claimed invention provide a technical result, which consists in increasing the reliability of rail fastening.

A causal relationship between the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result is as follows.

The width of the outer loop is 1.05 ... 1.22 times the length of the terminal, measured along the branches of the outer loop, makes it possible to increase the elasticity of the terminal and adjust the track level by inserting cards under the rail without special devices that reduce the deflection of the terminal. The choice of boundary values for the ratio of the width and length of the terminal is due to the fact that in this interval the necessary elasticity of the terminal is provided with a slight effort of pulling the anchor out of the sleepers. If the ratio of the terminal width to its length is less than 1.05, then the terminal will have an increased length and the dimensions and material consumption of the bond will increase. If the ratio of the terminal width to its length is greater than 1.22, then the terminal will not be sufficiently elastic.

The location of the longitudinal axes of the terminal end sections of the terminal before mounting in a plane inclined to the plane of the longitudinal axes of the outer branches at an angle of 0.8 ° ... 5 ° allows you to increase the height of the rail level control when placing cards under it. When the ends of the terminal at a high height of the cards are above the inclined surface of the anchor cavity and do not slide into it, the terminal is flipped to the other side with the protruding end sections down. If the angle of inclination of the longitudinal axes of the end sections to the plane of the longitudinal axes of the outer branches is less than 0.8 °, then the elastic stroke of the terminal will be insufficient to increase the height of the rail level. If the indicated angle is greater than 5 °, then it will be impossible to push the ends of the terminal into the cavity of the anchor.

The minimum clearance between the terminal sections of the terminal is not greater than 0.7 of the diameter of the terminal bar makes it possible to increase the length of the terminal sections that are twisted during loading, which are two loops, and to increase the elasticity of the terminal. If the minimum clearance between the end sections is greater than 0.7 of the diameter of the terminal bar, then to achieve the necessary elasticity of the terminal, it will be necessary to increase the dimensions of the terminal in width.

The execution of the terminal sections of the terminal converging as it approaches the ends of the bar allows the terminal to be reliably centered due to the tight contact of the terminal ends with the lateral surfaces of the anchor cavity.

The execution of the terminal ends rounded on the upper part makes it possible to reduce the initial force of movement of the terminal ends into the cavity of the anchor.

The implementation of the width of the cavity in the wall of the anchor is not more than 2.8 diameter of the rod of the terminal allows you to increase the cross-section of the anchor, which resists bending when the rail is laterally exposed to the anchor. If the width of the cavity in the wall of the anchor is greater than 2.8 of the diameter of the terminal rod, then, based on the bending strength of the wall of the anchor, an increase in the thickness or width of its wall will be required.

The implementation of the clamping elements of the terminal in the form of two recesses on the anchor support, the depth of which is 0.2 ... 0.6 of the diameter of the terminal rod, eliminates the jumping of the terminal from the anchor. If the depth of the recesses on the anchor support is less than 0.2 of the diameter of the terminal bar, then the terminal may jump off the anchor under the influence of vibration loads. If the depth of the recesses on the anchor support is greater than 0.6 of the diameter of the terminal bar, then a significant part of the elastic stroke of the terminal will be spent on securing and removing the terminal from the recess.

The execution of the inclined upper surface of the cavity of the anchor, shaped in the form of terminal sections of the terminal, makes it possible to reduce contact pressure on the anchor and increase its service life.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - General view of the rail fastening;

figure 2 is a top view of figure 1;

figure 3 - terminal rail fastening;

figure 4 is a top view of figure 3;

figure 5 - anchor rail fastening;

figure 6 is a top view of figure 5;

Fig.7 is a side view of Fig.5;

on Fig - liner rail fastening;

Fig.9 is a top view of Fig.8.

The rail fastening comprises a terminal 1, curved from a bar, an anchor 2 for holding the terminal, sealed with its shank 3 in the reinforced concrete sleepers 4, a liner 5, insulating the rail 6 from the terminal and the anchor, and a shock-absorbing gasket 7 under the rail.

The rail fastening terminal contains three loops, two of which 8 are inner, molded near the end sections 9, directed in one direction, and at the third outer loop 10, resting the middle part on the rail, the branches are a continuation of the outer branches of the first two loops 8. Width “ a ”outer loop 10 is made 1.18 times the length“ in ”of the terminal measured along the branches of the outer loop 10. The longitudinal axis of the end sections 9 before installation are located in a plane 11 inclined to the plane 12 of the longitudinal axes of the outer etvey angle of 1,5 °. The minimum clearance “c” between the terminal sections 9 of the terminal is 0.4 of the diameter of the terminal rod 16 mm. The terminal end portions 9 can be made convergent as they approach the ends 13 of the bar. The ends 13 of the terminal are rounded at the top.

The anchor for holding the terminal comprises a shank 3, embedded in the sleeper 4, a wall 14 restricting lateral movement of the rail and having a cavity 15, and a support 16 on the sleeper 4 with elements for fixing the terminal against sliding off the rail, made on the end part 17 of the support. The width of the cavity 15 in the wall 14 of the anchor is 2.4 diameters of the terminal rod, and the elements of the clamping terminal are made in the form of two recesses 18 on the support 16, the depth of which is 0.3 diameter of the terminal rod. The inclined upper surface 19 of the cavity 15 of the anchor is made curly in the shape of the end sections 9 of the terminal.

The liner 5, isolating the rail from the anchor, limits the lateral movement of the rail and has two walls 20 and 21 in contact: the first 20 with the edge of the sole of the rail 6 and the second 21 with the wall 14 of the anchor, and the protrusion 22, pressing the upper surface 23 of the rail sole. In the central part of the insert, a groove 24 is made with the possibility of placing the ends 13 of the terminal therein. An additional protrusion 25 with a length of 70 mm is made on the lower part of the liner from the side of the second wall 21, which is longer than the groove length 38 mm, but less than the liner length 100 mm. The groove 24 of the liner is provided with a bottom 26, the surface of which in the final mounting position of the bond is located with a gap “e” from the ends 13 of the terminal.

In the final installation position, the terminal end sections 9 are placed in the groove 24 of the insert 5 with the possibility of contact of one of the side surfaces with the walls 27 of the groove. The inner loops 8 of the terminal are included in the recesses 18 on the support 16 of the anchor 2, and the gap “k” between the ends of the ends 13 of the terminal and the wall 28 of the groove 24 of the liner does not exceed 0.18 of the diameter of the terminal bar. The gap “e” between the bottom 26 of the groove 24 of the liner and the ends 13 of the terminal does not exceed 5 mm, that is, half the thickness of the shock-absorbing strip 7.

Sources of information

1. Copyright certificate. USSR No. 643575, cl. E 01 B 9/30, Bulletin No. 3, 1979.

2. Patent of Russia 2125626, cl. E 01 B 9/30, 27.01.01.

3. Copyright certificate. USSR No. 1401095, class E 01 B 9/00, Bulletin No. 21, 1988 (prototype).

Claims (7)

1. Rail fastening terminal made by bending the bar and containing three loops, two of which are internal, molded near the end sections directed to one side, and at the third external loop, resting the middle part on the rail, the branches are a continuation of the outer branches of the first two loops , characterized in that the width of the outer loop is 1.05 ... 1.22 times the length of the terminal, measured along the branches of the outer loop. 2. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the end sections before installation are located in a plane inclined to the plane of the longitudinal axes of the outer branches at an angle in the range of 0.8 ... 5 °. 3. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum clearance between the end sections of the terminal is not more than 0.7 of the diameter of the terminal bar. 4. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that the end sections are made convergent as they approach the ends of the bar. 5. The terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that the ends are rounded on the upper part. 6. An anchor for holding the terminal, comprising a shank embedded in the sleeper, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail and having a cavity, and a support on the sleeper with elements for securing the terminal from sliding off the rail, made on the end of the support, characterized in that the width of the cavity in the anchor wall does not exceed 2.8 diameter of the terminal bar, and the clamping elements of the terminal are made in the form of two recesses on the support, the depth of which is 0.2 ... 0.6 of the diameter of the terminal bar. 7. Anchor according to claim 6, characterized in that the inclined upper surface of its cavity is made curly in the shape of the terminal sections of the terminal.

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