RU182935U1 - Combined disc working body for sowing grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and provides simultaneously with strip sowing of crops a two-level application of mineral fertilizers: the starting dose - in the tier along with the seeds and the main dose - 3 ... 5 cm below the seed level, between the sowing strips. Combined disk working body for sowing grain culture contains a housing 1 with a parallelogram suspension 2 and 3, a knife 4, openers 6 and 7 with a seventh guide and zagortachom and a depth gauge 8. The knife is made in the form of a wedge-shaped opener 4 with a rack with ukonapravitelem 5 along its rear wall, has a possibility of height adjustment. Left-sided and right-sided single-disk-anchor (ODE) openers 6 and 7 of the strip sowing with the same angle of attack of the discs are placed on the sides of the housing 1 in accordance with the row spacing, and in the longitudinal direction with an offset of 25 ... 35 cm. The base of the opener 4 is set to 3 ... 5 cm below the base level of the opener openers 6 and 7. The depth gauge 8 is mounted opposite the front opener opener 6 of the opener 6 on the other side of the housing 1. The knife opener 4 is equipped with a stem tap 9 made in the form of a smooth flexible elastic rod. Stem tap 9 with the lower end attached flush to the surface of the knife 4 near its front edge at the level of 8 ... 10 cm from its base. First, the stalk tap 9 moves away from the knife 4 up and back at an angle to the horizontal close to the crumbling angle (α), then it goes sideways along the conjugate arc with an exit to the level of 15 ... 17 cm from the base of the knife 4. The introduction of the device will increase the yield, depending from specific conditions, up to 50%, in comparison with single-level fertilizer application in one tier with seeds and to reduce the energy intensity of the process. 1 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to the openers of seeders for sowing agricultural cultures.

Known disk-anchor coulter / RF patent for invention No. 2249936 "Combined disk-anchor coulter", IPC АСС 7/20, 2003 /, used for strip sowing agricultural cultures. The known device comprises a housing with a mount to attach it to a leash, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, a guide rail and a lay anchor, consisting of two sidewalls, one of which is the outer one, made in the form of a vertical wall bent at an angle.

A disadvantage of the known device is that such a coulter, designed for strip sowing of crops with the simultaneous introduction together with the seeds in one horizon of the starting dose of mineral fertilizers, cannot introduce them simultaneously in the second horizon (below the seed level).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the device selected as a prototype / RF Patent for invention No. 2266632 "Section of a seeder for sowing seeds of row crops, melons and cereals at different depths", IPC 7 А01С 7/20, 2004 /, including a parallelogram suspension, housing, knife, opener with a seventh guide and a shortener and depth gauge. The parallelogram suspension is made in the form of a four-link articulated lever system for connecting to the seeder frame, the opener has cheeks, between which heels are placed at different heights for forming grooves, and a vertical circular knife is installed in front of the opener.

The advantage of the known device is that it can be used for multi-depth sowing of seeds in one pass of the unit, and the disadvantage is the significant energy consumption due to the high traction resistance of the used open-type coulter, which with its elements (three heels) is deepened to 10 cm and has a large friction surface with soil.

The technical task of the utility model is to reduce the energy intensity of the process and increase productivity due to strip sowing of grain, leguminous and small seeded crops with the help of grain seeders with single-disk-anchor openers with simultaneous two-level application of mineral fertilizers: starting dose (30 ... 50 kg / ha) - in the strip together with the seeds, and the main dose, 2 ... 2.5 times the starting dose - 3 ... 5 cm below the seed placement horizon, between the seeding bands.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the combined disk working body for sowing crops, including a parallelogram suspension, a casing, a knife, a coulter with a seven-guide and a shortener and a depth gauge, according to a utility model, a knife is sequentially connected to the casing attached to the rear link of the parallelogram suspension made in the form of a wedge-shaped opener with a stand with a tap guide along its rear wall, mounted with adjustable height, left-side and right external single-disk-anchor (ODE) open-coulter coulters with the same angle of attack of the discs, placed on the sides of the casing in accordance with the row spacing, in the longitudinal direction of the ODC coulters are placed with an offset of 25 ... 35 cm, while the base of the opener knife is located below the level of the base of the ODE coulters 3 ... 5 cm, the depth gauge is placed on the opposite side of the casing opposite the front opener ODE, while the opener is equipped with a stem tap made in the form of a flexible elastic rod with a smooth surface, the lower end is flush attached to the surface of the knife near the leading edge at the level of 8 ... 10 cm from its base, and extending from the knife first up and back at an angle to the horizontal, close to the crumbling angle, and then to the side along the conjugate arc with access to the level of 15 ... 17 cm from the base of the knife.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a combined disk working body for sowing crops, side view; FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

The combined disk working body for sowing grain crops includes a housing 1 made in the form of a pipe of rectangular cross section, which is mounted in the longitudinal direction parallel to the surface and attached to the lower end of the rear link 2 of the parallelogram suspension 3.

A wedge-shaped opener 4, height-adjustable, is attached to the front of the housing 1, with a sleeve guide 5 fixed along the rear wall of its rack.

Following the opener 4, to the right and left sides of the housing 1 are connected spaced apart in the transverse direction in accordance with the row spacing, and in the longitudinal - with an offset of 25 ... 35 cm, the right-handed and left-handed single-disk-anchor (OD) coulters 6 and 7 of the strip sowing with the angle of attack of the discs 5 ... 6 ° relative to the longitudinal vertical plane. When the displacement in the longitudinal direction is less than 25 ... 35 cm between the OD coulters 6 and 7, the likelihood of clogging of the intershell space and the coulters with stubble and plant residues increases, displacement greater than 35 cm leads to an increase in the length and mass of the working body.

Opposite the front ODE of the opener 6 on the opposite side of the housing 1 is attached a depth gauge 8, made in the form of a roller, mounted with adjustable height. The location of the depth gauge 8 opposite the front ODE of the opener serves to better balance (weight) the working body.

The opener 4 is equipped with a stem tap 9, made in the form of a flexible elastic rod with a smooth surface. Stem tap 9 with the lower end attached flush to the surface of the knife 4 near its front edge at the level of 8 ... 10 cm from its base. First, the stem tap 9 moves away from the knife 4 up and back at an angle to the horizontal close to the crumbling angle (α), then it goes sideways along the conjugate arc with an exit to the level of 15 ... 17 cm from the base of the knife 4. The indicated level of attachment of the stem tap 9 limits too much its deepening in the soil in order to avoid a significant increase in traction resistance of the knife 4 of the working body. The level of 15 ... 17 cm, reached by the free end of the stalk tap 9, corresponds to the subsoil horizon, which mainly limits the space of the effective tap away from the knife stubble and other plant residues with the tap tap 9. The tap tap 9 can be made of a rod, for example, round or oval .

Reducing energy intensity is ensured by the use of ODE coulters.

Combined disk working body for sowing crops is as follows.

When the working body moves, the wedge-shaped opener 4 cuts the soil layer and opens a narrow furrow (between the seed sowing strips) ΔН = 3 ... 5 cm below the seed placement level and the starting fertilizer dose. This soil horizon (layer) has a more stable level of moisture compared to the upper one. Adjusting the opener 4 in height within such limits does not lead to a significant increase in traction resistance of the working body. The main, increased by 2 ... 2.5 times, in comparison with the starting, part of the fertilizers supplied from the box for fertilizers with the help of fertilizer sowing devices (not shown) enters this furrow through the tukotrub 5.

ODE coulters 6 and 7 prepare two compacted strips (seed lag) at a given depth, to which seeds and granular mineral fertilizers (starting dose) from seed boxes and fertilizers come from seed boxes and fertilizers over the whole width (not shown).

The depth limiter 8, made in the form of a roller and installed with the possibility of height adjustment, provides the depth of the working body in accordance with a given depth of embedment of sowing materials.

Stem tap 9, attached to the surface of the opener 4 near its leading edge, serves to divert stubble and plant debris that are heated in front of it from the knife 4. In this case, the flexible smooth springy stem of the stalk tap 9 acts as a stalk remover: the heated long plant fragments gradually move along it up and away from the knife 4, and then break down to the soil surface.

Soil closure of seeds and fertilizers entering the furrows occurs by self-emptying it from the walls of the furrows, as well as by means of individual closing devices (shorting) of the coulters and shortening of the seeder (not shown).

Thus, the combined disk working body provides simultaneously with strip sowing of grain, leguminous and small-seeded crops a two-level application of mineral fertilizers: a small starting dose (30 ... 50 kg / ha) - in the tier along with the seeds and the main dose, in 2 ... 2.5 times more than the starting one - by 3 ... 5 cm below the seed level, between the two adjacent sown strips.

The introduction of the proposed utility model will increase productivity, depending on specific conditions, up to 50%, in comparison with the single-level introduction of an increased dose of fertilizer in one tier with seeds and reduce the energy intensity of the process.

Claims (1)

Combined disk working body for sowing grain crops, including a parallelogram suspension, a casing, a knife, a coulter with a seven-guide and a shortener and a depth gauge, characterized in that a knife made in the form of a wedge-shaped knife is sequentially attached to the casing attached to the rear link of the parallelogram suspension opener with stand with tap guide along its rear wall, mounted with height adjustment, left-side and right-side single-disk-anchor coulters sowing with the same angle of attack of the discs, placed on the sides of the casing in accordance with the row-spacing, in the longitudinal direction of the single-disc coulters are placed with an offset of 25 ... 35 cm, while the base of the opener-knife is 3 ... 5 cm lower than the base of the single-disc coulter , the depth gauge is placed on the opposite side of the casing opposite the front single-disk-anchor opener, while the opener-knife is equipped with a stem tap made in the form of a flexible elastic rod with a smooth surface, the lower end is flush about attached to the surface of the knife near the leading edge at a level of 8 ... 10 cm from its base, and extending from the knife first up and back at an angle to the horizontal, close to the crumbling angle, and then to the side along a conjugated arc with access to the level 15 ... 17 cm from the base of the knife.

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