RU181672U1 - Solid fuel boiler long burning - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to energy, in particular, to devices for generating thermal energy in the form of a liquid coolant (usually water) used for heating residential buildings, industrial and public buildings. The boiler contains a metal casing consisting of double vertical walls forming a water jacket, inside of which there is a fuel hopper with a grate and an ash pan equipped with a door, on which there is a window for adjusting the air supply, with a loading hatch located on top of the hopper, and on the right is a heat exchanger with a chimney, upper and lower side covers for cleaning it, under which there is a combustion chamber connected to the fuel hopper by means of a gas window and having a secondary air supply window, and a water jacket is also located between the fuel hopper and the heat exchanger, and above and below the combustion chamber, forming a connected circuit, and is equipped with a bottom return pipe for cold water, and on the opposite wall from the top with a pipe for hot water. The heat exchanger can be equipped with rotary dampers. The proposed design of the boiler increases its efficiency due to the use of an increased fuel hopper, achieved by removing the combustion chamber from it, and the use of cross-air supply to the combustion chamber through the gas window and the additional air supply window, which ensures the intensification of the process burning.

Description

The utility model relates to energy, in particular to devices for generating thermal energy in the form of a liquid heat carrier (usually water), used for heating residential buildings, industrial and public buildings for indoor and outdoor heating systems with forced circulation of the heat carrier, organization of hot water supply, and also for technological needs.

The prior art water-heating solid fuel boiler (RF patent No. 118033, IPC F24H1 / 12, published July 10, 2012) containing an ash pan, a housing including a combustion chamber with a grate drum with a drive, and a heat exchanger with a multicyclone block, as well as a fuel hopper with a loading hatch located above the combustion chamber, a fuel supply and metering system and a flue gas extraction and purification system, while on one side of the combustion chamber there is an inspection hatch, and pilot tubes are welded into the side walls of the topo water jacket a chamber, moreover, the heat exchanger is divided by a partition into two sections, the fuel hopper is located above the combustion chamber with a gap filled with heat-insulating material, the multicyclone unit is made as a separate unit located on the heat exchanger with a common hinged top cover, ignition tubes are welded into the side walls of the furnace water jacket cameras with a gap of 13 mm between the tube and the bottom of the shirt, the rotation drive of the grate drum is mounted on elongated brackets and removed from the intensive heating of the combustion chamber, and the supports of rotation of the grate drum are made of steel with easily replaceable cast iron bushings, while on the second side of the combustion chamber there is an additional inspection hatch, and on the sides of the ash pan, the combustion chamber and the rear wall of the heat exchanger are two nozzles symmetrically closed by threaded plugs In addition, the loading hatch of the fuel hopper is oval.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of the design of the boiler with a small volume of the combustion chamber.

Known hot-water solid fuel boiler (RF patent No. 2477823, IPC F24H 1/00, published March 20, 2013), consisting of a housing, a loading hopper for fuel located inside the housing and having a door for loading fuel, a heat exchanger located in the cavity of the housing, the supply system air into the combustion zone. The heat exchanger is lined with heat-resistant material, the lining is made with a gradual increase in the layer thickness from the top of the boiler to the bottom, and the body cavity is made with a gradual increase in the width from the bottom of the boiler to the top. The air supply system to the combustion zone consists of a primary air heating chamber and a secondary air heating chamber installed above the loading door, while air from the primary heating chamber is supplied to the combustion zone through a telescope, and air from the secondary heating chamber is supplied to the combustion zone above the telescope. The secondary air heating chamber is located under the primary air heating chamber, and the air from the secondary chamber is directed in the form of a scattering stream towards the side of the boiler.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of the design of the boiler with a small volume of the loading hopper.

Known solid fuel long-burning boiler "Universal" NPP Pelletron (www.Pelletron.ru), consisting of a housing having a rectangular filling chamber, around which a coolant circuit is located, and equipped with a top loading door equipped with a gas lift mechanism, a shaft forced ventilation system, a separate shell-and-tube heat exchanger equipped with a lid for cleaning it; a cooled grate with an integrated comb with an external drive for cleaning the grate of the grate and the coolant circuit. Universal boilers use lower horizontal combustion technology, in which the upper part of the bookmark is not blown with hot flue gases, which reduces the chemical underburning of fuel, however, these boilers have the following disadvantages:

- the boiler has a filling chamber of small volume, up to 110 l;

a tubular type heat exchanger is used, which complicates its design and cleaning;

- there is no cross-flow of air into the combustion chamber, which does not allow to intensify the combustion process.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the boiler by increasing the volume of laying firewood, achieved by the removal of the combustion chamber from the fuel hopper, and the use of cross-supply of air into the combustion chamber through the gas window and the additional air supply window, providing an intensification of the combustion process.

The technical result is achieved by a solid fuel boiler of long burning, which contains a metal casing consisting of double vertical walls forming a water jacket, inside of which there is a fuel hopper with a grate and an ash pan equipped with a door, on which an air supply adjustment window is placed, and a loading hatch is located on top of the hopper and on the right is a heat exchanger with a chimney, upper and lower side covers for cleaning it, under which there is a combustion chamber connected to the fuel an opener by means of a gas window and having a secondary air supply window, wherein the water jacket is also located between the fuel hopper and the heat exchanger, and above and below the combustion chamber, forming a connected circuit, and is equipped with a cold water return pipe at the bottom, and a sampling pipe on the opposite wall from above. hot water.

According to a utility model, the heat exchanger is equipped with rotary dampers.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a solid fuel boiler of long burning, and in FIG. 2 shows vertical and horizontal sections.

The boiler (Fig. 1, 2) contains a metal casing 1, consisting of double vertical walls 2 forming a water jacket, inside of which there is a fuel hopper 3 with a grate 4 and an ash pan 5, equipped with a door 6, on which there is an air supply adjustment window 7, moreover, on top of the hopper 3 is a loading hatch 8, and on the right is a heat exchanger 9 with a chimney 10, upper 11 and lower side 12 with covers for cleaning it. Under the heat exchanger 9, there is a combustion chamber 13 connected to the fuel hopper 3 by means of a gas window 14 and having a secondary air supply window 15. A water jacket is also located between the fuel hopper 3 and the heat exchanger 9, and above and below the combustion chamber 13, forming a connected loop, and it is equipped with a return pipe for returning cold water from the bottom (not shown in the drawing), and on the opposite side from the top with a hot water take-off pipe 16. Between the heat exchanger 9 and the combustion chamber 13, a brick 17 is fixed (Fig. 2) to form an optimal flue gas flow. The heat exchanger 9 can be equipped with rotary dampers (not shown in the drawing), which increase the efficiency of the boiler by 20%. On the side of the combustion chamber 13 and on the loading hatch 8 there are inspection windows (not shown in the drawing) to control the combustion process. In the lower part of the water jacket of the combustion chamber is located a pipe 18 for draining the coolant.

The operation of the boiler is as follows.

To operate the boiler, open door 6 of ash pan 5, then open the loading door 8 and put a small amount of kindling on the grate 4 (paper, wood chips, sawdust soaked in oil, etc.). Then, through the loading hatch, firewood is placed in the fuel tank 3 of the boiler. The more tightly stacked the logs of firewood, the more evenly the burning of the bookmark will occur. When laying firewood in the upper part of the boiler, make sure that the logs do not rest against the loading hatch and do not open it. Close the loading hatch, set fire to the kindling. With steady burning of the kindling and the beginning of burning, the bookmarks close the ash pan door.

The claimed boiler is a mine boiler with horizontal layer-by-layer combustion of fuel. In a boiler with horizontal combustion of fuel, combustion occurs near the grate 4, while the resulting flue gases with a temperature of up to 1000 ° C mostly go to a vertical heat exchanger 9, carried outside the fuel hopper, and then to the chimney 10. The heat generated by the combustion of fuel, it is perceived by the walls of the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger and heats the heat carrier to 20-99 ° C, moreover, the brick 17, mounted between the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger, does not allow flue gases to exit directly to the heat exchanger, but directs them gas in the combustion chamber 13, giving off additional heat to the heat carrier in a water jacket formed around the combustion chamber, and only then the flue gases enter the heat exchanger. Gases with a low temperature, necessary for creating draft, are thrown into the chimney. In this design of the boiler, the laying of firewood is not blown by hot flue gases, which significantly reduces its premature thermal decomposition, halves the chemical underburning of the fuel and reduces its specific consumption. Water acts as a coolant. Allowed to use antifreeze for heating systems. The circulation of the heat carrier through the boiler heat exchanger is provided by the circulation pump.

In the case of a specific implementation, the boiler has overall dimensions of 635 × 573 × 1261 mm, the volume of the fuel hopper is 200 liters. The walls of the body are made of steel, the thickness of the inner wall is 4 mm. - outer wall 3 mm. The boiler has a capacity of 25-30 kW.

Thus, the efficiency of the solid fuel boiler is increased due to the use of an oversized fuel hopper, achieved by removing the combustion chamber from it, as well as the use of cross-supply of air into the combustion chamber through the gas window and the additional air supply window, which intensifies the combustion process.

Claims (2)

1. A solid fuel boiler of long burning, comprising a metal casing consisting of double vertical walls forming a water jacket, inside of which there is a fuel hopper with a grate and an ash pan equipped with a door, on which an air supply adjustment window is placed, with a loading hatch located on top of the hopper, and on the right is a heat exchanger with a chimney, upper and lower side covers for cleaning it, under which there is a combustion chamber connected to the fuel hopper through a gas window and have Single secondary air supply box, the water jacket is located between the fuel hopper and the heat exchanger, and the top and bottom of the combustion chamber, forming a related circuit, and equipped with the bottom nozzle reverse the cold water supply, and on the opposite wall above - selecting the hot water pipe. 2. Solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger is equipped with rotary dampers.

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