RU2362093C1 - Hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering and can be used in independent heat supply systems with natural or forced heat carrier circulation. Proposed invention consists in that the hot-water boiler comprises the barrel made up of two coaxial rings. The convective bundle smoke tubes are arranged in annular chamber between the said boiler rings. It comprises also heat carrier heating circuit, combustion chamber formed by the inner ring chamber, burner mounted inside aforesaid combustion chamber, fuel feed system and automatic control system. The ratio of cross section area of annular chamber between boiler rings to the total cross section area of smoke tubes makes 5 to 7. The ratio of the combustion chamber cross section area to the total cross section area of smoke tubes makes 4-6. The proposed boiler differs from known designs in that it is equipped with programmable controller with operating conditions card, emergency power supply, two-channel temperature controller with temperature pickups, geared motor, level pickup and operating condition selector switch. It incorporates also automatic temperature control system that receives control signal from temperature pickup arranged in heat consumer premises. Also the said system controls and regulates boiler heat carrier temperature in response to received control signal.

EFFECT: boiler that features efficiency, ease of use, economic operation, adapted for operation on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels of various types.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system and can be used in autonomous heat supply systems with natural or forced circulation of a coolant.

Water-heating boilers are known that contain a shielded case divided by a vertical partition into a firebox with a grate and a convective gas duct communicated with each other by a hole in the upper part of the partition (A.S. 1059368, M. class. С24Н 1/30, 1982), as well as a movable a partition with an adjustable lower opening (A.S. 1128065, M. cl. С24Н 1/30, 1983).

The disadvantage of these designs is the unsuccessful overall layout of the heating surfaces of the furnace and the gas duct located in one horizontal plane, which does not ensure the stability of combustion processes when burning several types of low-grade organic fuels and when switching to other types of fuel, and therefore is characterized by low environmental efficiency.

A well-known hot water boiler (RU 2039913, class F24H 1/00, publ. 07.20.1995), in which the combustion chamber of a hot water boiler is framed by a water jacket, to which are connected water heating pipes connecting its opposite sides in the upper and lower parts, forming two intersecting beam. Thermal sensors and electric heaters are installed in the water jacket, interconnected via a thermal relay and a starter. In the upper part of the boiler is equipped with a water heater with water-mixing partitions and a chimney made in the form of a knee with a gate and a door. A grate is installed in the lower part of the combustion chamber, under which a removable box is installed in the ash chamber.

The disadvantage of this device is not a high efficiency.

Known for a fire-tube smoke boiler (RU 2187040, class F22В 7/12, publ. 07/20/1995) with three strokes in the direction of gas movement, including a housing with covers and fittings for venting water and flue gases, placed in the housing for the first gas passage in in the form of a flame tube with a gas chamber connected to the smoke tubes of the second stroke, a second gas chamber located at opposite ends of the pipes and connected to the third stroke, a fitting for exhausting gases from the boiler body is located in the zone of the second gas chamber, the third gas passage is made in the form before In the case of a rectangular gas duct with a nozzle for supplying gases connected to a nozzle for exhausting gases from the boiler body, the two opposite walls of the gas duct are made in the form of tube sheets with pipes with rectangular, annular or spiral ribs fixed to them perpendicular to the direction of gas movement and provided with caps with fittings for water inlet and outlet.

This boiler achieves the beneficial effect of the boiler by achieving a more optimal heat removal, but its design is complex.

The closest technical solution is a hot water boiler (RU 2296920, class F24Н 1/08, publ. 04/10/2007), which contains a housing made of two coaxial shells in the annular space, between which there are smoke tubes of the convective beam and a heating medium heating circuit, a combustion chamber formed by the cavity of the inner shell, a working thermostat, a fuel hopper and a burner located in the combustion chamber and connected by an automatic fuel supply system with a fuel hopper and automatic combustion air supply with ntilator boost. The automatic fuel supply system is made in the form of a conveyor, driven by a gear motor, and a working thermostat through a programmable controller controls the supply of electric current to the fan and gear motor.

The disadvantage of this invention is the low efficiency due to ineffective heat removal by the coolant, the inability to work on liquid and gaseous fuels. The automatic control system does not take into account consumer requests, in particular, it is not possible to maintain a microclimate in the premises with the necessary accuracy.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a convenient, economical and universal hot water boiler, adapted to work on various types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and having a high efficiency.

The problem is solved with the help of a boiler, including a housing made of two coaxial shells, in the annular space between which there are smoke tubes of the convective beam, a heating medium heating circuit, a combustion chamber formed by the cavity of the inner shell, a burner installed in the combustion chamber, a fuel supply unit and an automatic control system. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the shells to the total cross-sectional area of the smoke pipes is 5-7, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber to the total cross-sectional area of the smoke pipes is 4-6.

Preferably, the smoke tubes are provided with fins and jumpers.

Preferably, the combustion chamber is structurally configured to install burners for different types of fuels.

The boiler furnace has technological holes and fasteners for quick installation of various types of burners for different types of fuel. Depending on the type of burner, it is equipped with a corresponding automatic fuel supply unit.

Preferably, the fine fraction solid fuel supply unit includes a fuel tank located above or below the installation level of the boiler with a horizontal screw at the bottom coupled to an inclined screw, which in turn is connected to the burner fuel supply mechanism.

The hot water boiler preferably has a single-screw fuel supply mechanism and is equipped with a water tank, which is connected to the cavity of the screw by a pipe, the end of which is closed by a composition melting at an elevated temperature above 120 ° C, to ensure safe operation of the boiler.

The boiler is preferably made of anti-corrosion materials, or the design of the boiler is protected by an anti-corrosion coating.

Preferably, a perforated shell is introduced into the combustion chamber for more complete combustion of the fuel.

Preferably, heating elements are installed in the annular space of the boiler to heat the coolant and / or to more quickly achieve the required coolant temperature when it enters the operating mode.

Preferably, the boiler is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply, which ensures reliable operation of the boiler during a power outage.

Preferably, a slide gate is installed in the flue gas duct for controlling draft.

The hot water boiler is preferably equipped with the following electrical equipment: a programmable controller with an operating mode card, an emergency power supply, a two-channel thermostat with temperature sensors, a gear motor, a level sensor, an operating mode switch, and has an automatic temperature control system that receives control signals from a temperature sensor located in the premises of the heat consumer, as well as controlling and regulating the temperature of the coolant in the boiler, depending on the control received actuating signal.

In the proposed solution, to increase the efficiency of the boiler and increase the heat transfer from flue gases to the heated water, the boiler has a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the shells to the total cross-sectional area of smoke pipes 5-7, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber to the total cross-sectional area of smoke pipes 4-6.

The unit for supplying liquid and gaseous fuels has a standard layout for these types of fuels.

In the case of using solid fuel of a large fraction, a grate is installed in the furnace.

The presence of a slide gate in the flue gas box allows you to adjust the draft, and this leads to a more economical consumption of heat given off by the fuel when using different types of fuel, which in turn allows you to optimize the efficiency of the boiler when working on different types of fuel.

In the annular space between the shells, electric heaters are installed for using electric energy as fuel. Also, the heating elements are used to quickly achieve the required coolant temperature during the period when the boiler enters the operating mode.

Figure 1 presents a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of the boiler,

figure 2 is a transverse section of the boiler,

figure 3 is a diagram of an automatic control system.

The water boiler contains a housing made of two coaxial shells: outer 1 and inner 2. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the shells to the total cross-sectional area of the smoke tubes is six. On the upper and lower sides, each shell is closed by a welded sheet 3 with holes 4 for pipes. In the annular space between the shells 1, 2 there are finned smoke tubes 5 of the convective beam, the heating circuit 6 of the coolant with the cold coolant (water) supply pipes in the lower part for heating and the hot coolant outlet in the upper part (pipes not shown in Fig. 1), TENY 7. The cavity of the inner shell 2 forms a combustion chamber 9 with an atmospheric valve 10. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber 9 to the total cross-sectional area of the smoke tubes 5 is five. In the combustion chamber 9 is a perforated shell 11 for a more complete combustion of fuel. In the upper part of the boiler there is a duct of flue gases 12 with a slide gate 13.

The fuel supply unit can be made in various ways, depending on the type of fuel used.

Figure 1 shows a solid fuel-fired hot water boiler in which the fuel supply unit (not shown in Figure 1) includes a fuel tank located below the boiler installation level, a horizontal screw coupled to an inclined screw and a fuel supply mechanism in burner. The fuel supply unit consists of known elements that are connected in the listed sequence to each other. According to the structural arrangement of the elements, the solid fuel supply unit can be made in a form convenient for the consumer.

The hot water boiler is equipped with the following electrical equipment for automatic control of working processes (Figure 3): programmable controller 14 with an operating mode card, emergency power supply 15, two-channel temperature controller 16 with temperature sensors 17, level sensors 18, mode switch 19, room temperature sensor 20, gear motor 21.

The hot water boiler is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply, which allows you to maintain the operation of the automation system and the operation of the actuators during a power outage (not shown in Fig. 1).

To fill the return water, the boiler is equipped with a pipe in the lower part of the boiler, and for hot water to exit - a pipe in the upper part of the boiler (not shown in FIG. 1).

The surface of the boiler to increase its service life is made with an anti-corrosion coating.

The hot water boiler operates as follows:

In the combustion chamber 9 ignite the fuel in the burner. The flue gas, rising through the smoke tubes 5, heats the water in the coolant circuit 6. The presence of fins on the pipes 5 can increase the heat transfer surface and accelerate the process of heating the water. The movement of water in the space of the heating circuit 6 between the shells 1, 2 and the smoke pipes 5 is organized so that no stagnant zones are formed, which in turn eliminates local overheating of the boiler structures and ensures uniform heating of the boiler. Return water from the heating system enters through the pipe to the lower part of the boiler, and heated water through the pipe in the upper part of the boiler into the heating system. For a quick exit of the boiler to the operating mode, the heating elements 7 are additionally included.

In the absence of the main types of fuel (liquid, solid, gaseous), TENs 7 of the boiler act as an emergency source of heat supply, allowing to ensure the necessary viability of the system.

The throttle valve 13 regulates the thrust, which in turn allows you to optimize the process of heat consumption and reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases to the minimum possible value (about 130 ° C).

Maintaining a given temperature of the coolant occurs depending on the required air temperature at the consumer. This is done using a two-channel temperature controller 16 with a temperature sensor 17, an indoor air temperature sensor 20, a programmable controller 14 and a gear motor 21.

The proposed hot water boiler allows water to maximize the heat of flue gases, minimize heat loss, and as a result maximize the efficiency of the boiler as a whole, which is the technical result of the proposed solution.

In addition to increasing the efficiency of the hot water boiler, an analysis of the composition of the exhaust gases on different types of fuel showed a minimum amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere, which confirms the creation of optimal conditions in the hot water boiler of the proposed design for burning fuel.

Claims (11)

1. A water boiler, comprising a housing made of two coaxial shells, in the annular space between which there are smoke tubes of the convective beam, a heating medium heating circuit, a combustion chamber formed by the cavity of the inner shell, a burner installed in the combustion chamber, a fuel supply unit and an automatic system control, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the shells to the total cross-sectional area of smoke pipes is 5-7, the ratio of the cross-sectional area eniya combustion chamber to the area of total cross section of the flue pipes is 4-6. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke pipes are equipped with fins and jumpers. 3. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber is configured to install burners for different types of fuels. 4. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the small fraction solid fuel supply unit includes a fuel tank located above or below the installation level of the boiler with a horizontal screw in the lower part associated with an inclined screw, which, in turn, is connected with a fuel supply mechanism to the burner. 5. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a single-screw fuel supply mechanism, is equipped with a water tank, which is connected to the cavity of the screw by a pipe, the end of which is closed by a composition melting at an elevated temperature above 120 ° C. 6. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of anticorrosive materials or the design of the boiler is protected by an anticorrosive coating. 7. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a perforated shell is inserted into the combustion chamber for more complete combustion of the fuel. 8. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the annular space TENs are installed to heat the coolant and (or) more quickly achieve the required coolant temperature when entering the operating mode. 9. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply. 10. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a slide gate is installed in the flue gas duct. 11. A hot water boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the electrical equipment includes a programmable controller with an operating mode card, an emergency power supply, a two-channel temperature regulator with temperature sensors, a gear motor, a level sensor, and an operating mode switch an automatic temperature control system that receives control signals from a temperature sensor located in the room of the heat consumer, as well as controls and regulates the temperature of the coolant in the boiler, depending ty from the received control signal.

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