RU1790866C - Method for training crowns of fruit trees in intensive gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention: to agriculture, namely horticulture for early fruit harvests. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: In the first years after planting, crown formation is reduced to the removal of terrestrial shoots prone to strong growth when they reach 25 cm. 3 silt.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to horticulture.

A known method for forming a crown of fruit trees in intensive orchards, comprising forming a crown in the first years after planting by thinning and limiting the height of the crown after the fruiting has begun. In the initial period of crown formation, all pruning techniques are used, also aimed at accelerated crown formation and accelerated entry into early fruiting.

The disadvantages of such a crown should include the following: the need to alienate wood during crown formation enhances growth processes and delays the entry of fruit trees into early fruiting; the crown forming method and the pruning system do not allow increasing the density of the tree stand and obtaining high early yields.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the formation of a compact, low-volume crown and accelerate the entry of trees into fruiting.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the tree is planted in compacted two-row plantings, and instead of forming pruning, shoots are grown in the first years after planting, prone to strong growth in a non-woody state during the decay of growth processes when they reach a length of up to 25 cm.

The timing and order of the breakdown of green shoots, and the high density of forest stand significantly weaken the growth process. The tree mainly produces generative shoots such as fruit twigs, spears, chamomile with two and three year organogenesis cycle. There is an accelerated formation of a compact, low-volume crown and the rapid entry of the fruit tree into early fruiting.

Figure 1 shows a tree in the first year of formation after breaking green shoots during the resting period; Fig. 2 shows a tree in the second year of formation after breaking green shoots during the resting period; in Fig.3 - a tree in the third year of formation after breaking green shoots and transfer cent00

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ral conductor to the lateral branch during the resting period ..,

Example. The formation of banks of fruit trees was carried out as follows. After the autumn planting of one-year-old seedlings in the form of compacted two-row plantings in early spring, they were crowned at a height of 70-80 cm from the soil surface. Subsequently, in order to strengthen I, the growth of the central conductor of the tree, the green shoots of npVi are broken down to a length of 25 cm. All shoots with sharp exit angles prone to strong growth are removed below (see Fig. 1).

In the second year, the central conductor of the tree was not shortened. In the spring, they similarly carried out a breakdown of green shoots (see, FIG. 2),

In the third year of vegetation in spring, they also broke green shoots at the annual pristine central tree conductor. Have left shoots with large exit angles. After harvesting during the dormant period for all trees, the central conductor switches to lateral branching at a height of 1.6-1.8 m.

In the fourth year of vegetation, the breaking of green shoots is stopped. In the rest period, they begin to prune the tree. Strengthened individual branches or tilted under the weight of the crop by translating into a weak growth or flowering ringlet are cut or raised, in places of thickening, thinning and cutting of weakened branches are performed. The height of the fruit wall is limited to 1.6-1.8 m. In subsequent years, it should not exceed this level. Such pruning, starting from the fourth year, is carried out alternately in one row of trees in a year. Therefore, in the fifth year, in the second row, pruning is enhanced by a stronger reduction in crown height, translations, and thinning at the cutting sites of weakened branches.

Using the proposed method of forming a crown in an intensive garden, as compared with the existing methods, it accelerates the formation of a compact, low-volume crown and ensures the entry of young trees into early fruiting.

The small size of the crown, the forming and trimming system allow fruit trees to be grown in the form of compacted two-row plantings. Their entry into early fruiting and the high density of plantings contributes to obtaining high early yields and increasing labor productivity in harvesting high quality fruits.

Claims (1)

The claims A method of forming a crown of fruit trees in intensive orchards, comprising forming a crown in the first years after planting by thinning and limiting the height of the crown after fruiting has begun, characterized in that, in order to accelerate the formation of a compact, low-volume crown and accelerate the entry of trees into fruiting, forming a crown in the first years after planting are carried out by breaking green shoots prone to strong growth. Editor T. Gor Cheva Fig.Z Compiled by A. Aleinikov Tehred M. Morgenthal Proofreader N.Keshel