RU1790867C - Method for growing intensive garden - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: in fruit growing for high early fruit yields. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Trees are planted in two lines. Cutting of trees in each row is carried out alternately after a year. Manual contour trimming is performed on the trees of each line once every three years, starting the next year after the first trimming. The height of the fruit wall trees is maintained equal to 1.6-1.8 m, and a width of 1.1-1.3 m. 3 silt.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to horticulture.

A known system for forming and pruning fruit trees in compacted single-row plantings with narrow inter-rows. She also uses pruning techniques to help switch to fruiting as early as possible. Therefore, in a crown with one branching order, all branches except the skeleton are transformed into temporary fouling and semi-skeletal branches. After minimal forming pruning, it increases with increasing yields and weakening growth processes. Elongated branches growing in-between, by transferring to a branch oriented in the direction of the row at an angle, preferably not more than 15-20 ° C. In this case, the plane of cut of the branches should not exceed 1 m from the center line of the row.

If necessary, they are deflected using wire hooks or twine. In places of thickening, thinning of the crown is carried out. The main pruning can be mechanized. While the cut branches are thin,

use machines with a cutting device, and later on with circular saws. In combination with manual refinement of the contour, pruning reduces the cost of manual labor for the care of the crown, and creates a narrow continuous fruit wall in the row and increases labor productivity in harvesting fruits. The fight against lupus is carried out by limiting nitrogen nutrition, breaking green shoots, summer mechanized pruning, etc.

The disadvantages of this method of growing an intensive garden include the following: the need to alienate the wood when forming the crown before fruiting stimulates growth and hinders the replenishment of the crown with fruit formations, postponing the time for the fruit tree to enter early fruiting, and cutting the branches reduces the number of fruit formations and reduces yield tree and area units; tree density does not contribute to high early yields.

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The purpose of the invention is to obtain high early fruit yields due to the density of plantings and to increase labor productivity during harvesting.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing an intensive garden of a new design with a high density of plantings, the trees are planted in the form of two-row compacted plantings with the subsequent formation of a compact, low-volume crown in them, each row of trees is cut one by one, and strong contour pruning is periodically performed with manual refinement .

Figure 1 shows a tree in the first year of formation after breaking green shoots during the resting period; Fig. 2 shows a tree in the second year of formation after breaking green shoots during the resting period; Fig. 3 shows a tree in the third year of formation after breaking green shoots and transferring the central conductor to the lateral branch during the resting period.

Example. The formation of the crown of fruit trees was carried out as follows. After the autumn planting of one-year-old seedlings in the form of compacted two-row plantings in early spring, they were crowned at a height of 70--80 cm from the soil surface. Subsequently, in order to enhance the growth of the central conductor of the tree and ensure that its growing top is dominant, green shoots are broken. All lower shoots with sharp exit angles, prone to strong growth, are removed (see Fig. 1).

In the second year, the central conductor of the tree was not shortened. In spring, they similarly carried out a breakdown of green shoots (see figure 2). ,.

In the third year of vegetation in the spring, they also broke green shoots on the annual growth of the central conductor of the tree. He left shoots with large departure angles. After harvesting during the rest period, the central conductor is transferred to the lateral branching at a height of 1.6-1.8 m for all trees.

Claims (1)

In the fourth year of vegetation, the breaking of green shoots is stopped. In the resting period, they begin to prune the tree. Strengthened individual branches or tilted under the weight of the crop by translating into a weak growth or flowering ringlet are reduced or raised, thinning is performed by thinning and cutting weakened branches. The fruit wall is limited to 1.6-1.8 meters high. In subsequent years, it should not exceed this level. Such pruning, starting from the fourth year, is carried out alternately in one row of trees in a year. Therefore, in the fifth year in the second line, pruning is enhanced by a stronger reduction in crown height, translations, thinning in the places of thickening and cutting of weakened branches. In order to maintain the limited size of the crown and reduce the cost of manual labor for trimming, starting from the sixth and the second row from the seventh year, periodic strong contour trimming is performed once every three to four years, alternately lowering the crest at a height of 1.2-1.3 m and limiting the width of the fruit wall to 1.1-1.3 meters with a contour cutter, and the structure inside the contour with manual revision. In the spring period, green shoots are broken. The use of the proposed method of crown formation and the method of growing an intensive garden of a new design make it possible to accelerate the formation of a compact low-volume crown in comparison with the existing ones and ensure the entry of young fruit trees into early fruiting. The small crown size supported by the pruning system allows fruit trees to be grown in the form of compacted two-row plantings. Their entry into early fruiting and the very high density of plantings in the new design of the intensive garden helps to obtain high early yields and increase labor productivity in high-quality harvesting, and a quick return on investment. The new pruning system, combined with periodic contour pruning, reduces the manual labor required to take care of the fruit tree crown and maintains its required size and volume in the method of growing an intensive garden of a new design. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for growing an intensive orchard, including compacted planting of plants with the formation of a compact, low-volume crown by annual pruning and periodic contour pruning with manual revision, characterized in that, to obtain high early fruit yields by increasing the density of plantings and increasing labor productivity during harvesting , the trees are planted in two lines, trees are trimmed alternately in each row after a year, and contour pruning with manual completion is carried out on trees x each line once every three years, starting next year, after the first crop while maintaining the height of the walls of the fruit trees 1.6-1.8 m and a width of 1.1-1.3 m. Editor T. Gor Cheva fig.Z Compiled by A. Aleinikov Tehred M. Morgenthal Proofreader N.Keshel