RU1786230C - Building or structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: construction of buildings or structures, providing the expansion of architectural and planning solutions and reducing the range of building elements while increasing the span of cells. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: L-shaped half frames are installed around the perimeter of each cell of the building with their crossbar being placed along the external axis of the cell or perpendicular to them. Triangular slabs with bevels on two corners are supported on the crossbars along the cell contour. The remaining triangular plates are supported on them and on each other with alternating plates with bevels and without them. All plates have the shape of an isosceles right triangle with the same height. Additional elements in the form of a rod pyramid with a base in the form of a rectangular isosceles triangle and vertically triangular additional plates can be installed in the coating. All plates and pyramids have protrusions, grooves and embedded parts for connecting them to each other. The length of the bevels of the triangular plates is determined from the ratio given in the claims. 3 s.p. f-ly, 49 ill.

Description

The invention relates to construction and can be used in the construction of buildings or structures.

A building is known, including reinforced concrete ribbed slabs having a triangle outline in plan, supported by columns of a frame made with stiffeners located along the contour and median of the element, set by corners on the columns and interconnected by the sides 1.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a building or structure, including supporting elements located on the contour of the building’s cells, slabs with grooves and protrusions on

faces x, some of which are supported by load-bearing elements, and additional elements mounted on plates 2.

The disadvantages of this solution are the high metal consumption due to the fact that the slabs are resting on columns only at angles, the architectural and planning solutions of buildings that are possible on the basis of this frame and triangular slabs are small, and the organization of small and constant (unchanged) spans.

The aim of the invention is to expand the possibilities of architectural and planning solutions and reduce the range of building elements while increasing the span of cells.

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The goal is achieved in that the supporting elements are made in the form of L-shaped half-frames with the crossbars located along the contour of the cells or / and perpendicular to the external axis of the cells, and the plates have the shape of a rectangular isosceles triangle with bevels at the corners adjacent to the hypotenuse are made with cutouts in the upper part and are supported on the crossbars with half-sides with legs, and the remaining plates and optional elements are supported on adjacent plates and additional elements with alternating their rows from the contour of the cells to their center, while the length n of each bevel is defined on from the relation

where I is the length of the leg of the plate with a bevel.

In addition, each additional element can be made in the form of a plate, which has the shape of an isosceles right triangle whose height is equal to the height of the triangle of the main plates, and grooves and protrusions along the contour for connection with adjacent plates, on the hypotenuses of which they are supported on two sides - to legs, or each additional element can be made in the form of a rod pyramid having a base of a rectangular isosceles triangle with a height equal to the height of triangular plates and the height of the pyramid, and supported by legs IAOD hypotenuse adjacent plates to him.

The building or structure may be provided with additional vertically mounted triangular plates, with each additional plate connected to one of the legs of the adjacent plate, and the other to the leg of the overlying main plate and hypotenuse supported on the edge of the pyramidal additional element.

Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 show variants of building cells in plan with different arrangement of floor slabs; in FIG. 8, 9, 10, 11,12 - variants of the building's cells with different arrangement of plates and additional elements; in FIG. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 are fragments of a building in plan with options for placing various cells; in FIG. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 - cells of the building in a perspective view with various placement of floor slabs and additional elements in them; in FIG. 25 is a section AA in FIG. on fig, 26 - triangular - on the slab; on fig, 27 - the same with cutouts at two corners; in FIG. 28 - the same with cuts in three corners; Fig. 29 is a formwork for manufacturing all three types of molten ceilings: Fig. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,

35.36 - planning structures of buildings based on a combination of different types of cells (with different spans); on Fig, 37, 38, 39 - options for planning schemes of buildings with a complex planning structure of the facade based on triangular slabs; in FIG. 40 is a diagram of a fragment of a coating; in FIG. 41 - the same with the additional element; in FIG. 42 is a fragment of a building coverage in a perspective view; in FIG. 43 is a fragment of a building with additional elements in a perspective view; in FIG. 44 - node I in Fig, 25; in FIG. 45 node II in FIG. 25; in FIG. 46 is a section b-B in FIG. 3; in FIG. 47 is a section BB of FIG. 7; in FIG. 48 is a section GG in FIG. 3; in FIG. 49 is a section DD in FIG. 3.

The building or structure contains cells 1,2,3,4,5, 6, 7, bearing reinforced concrete elements 8, located along the contour of cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, slabs 9, 10 floors and additional elements 11, 12, supported on plates 9, 10. Bearing elements 8 are made in the form of L-shaped half-frames 13, crossbars 14 of which are installed along the contour of cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or / and perpendicular to the outer axis m cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Plates 9, 10 have the shape of a right-angled isosceles triangle with bevels 15 at the corners adjacent to the Hypotenuse or legs of the triangle of the plate 9,10, and with cutouts 16 and protrusions 17 in ver shit parts. Plates 9, 10 are supported on a crossbar 14 to half frames with 13 legs. Plates 9, 10 and additional elements 11, the last of which are in the form of a plate in the form of a rectangular isosceles triangle, are supported on adjacent plates 9, 10 and additional elements 11 with alternating their rows from the contour of cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to their center.

The length n of each bevel 15 is determined from the ratio

where I is the length of the leg of the triangle plate 9.

The height of the triangle of the additional elements 11 is equal to the height of the triangles of the plates 9.10.

The additional elements 11 have grooves 1Ј and protrusions 19 along the contour for connecting them to adjacent plates 9, 10, they are supported on two legs with the grooves 16 ps of the hypotenuse.

Plates 9, 10, 11 are made of reinforced concrete and hollow and are interconnected and with half frames 13 by welding embedded parts.

The plates 9, 10, 11, having the same shape, can be made in one formwork 20.

On the basis of plates 9, 10, 11 floors v L-shaped half-frames 13 can be organized

various types of floors without intermediate supports with a certain combination of plates 9, 10, 11, the image of various spans of buildings.

The installation of the floor of a building has the following sequence, depending on the span of the type of floor. First, L-shaped half-frames are mounted with a certain step 13. Then, clockwise around the perimeter of cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, they are laid and welded on the embedded parts of the slab 9, then the slab 11 and after them slabs 9 or 10, etc., and the seams formed between them are monolithic with concrete and mortar.

The design of floor slabs 9, 10, 11 does not require additional mounting equipment due to simple butt joints.

Each additional element 12 of the coating can be made in the form of a rod pyramid 21, having at its base a rectangular isosceles triangle with a height equal to the height of the triangular plates 9, 10, 11 and the height of the pyramid 21. The pyramids 21 are supported by the legs of the base on the hypotenuses of adjacent plates 9 , 10.

When pyramids 21 are used in the building, it is equipped with additional vertically mounted plates 22 in the form of a rectangular isosceles triangle. Each plate 22 is connected to one of the legs of the adjacent plate 9, 10, and the other to the leg of the overlying plate 9, 10 and hypotenuse supported on the edge of the pyramidal additional element 21.

Pyramidal additional elements 21 can be used as light lamps 23 and allow you to organize a variety of types of coatings with variable span.

The installation of the prefabricated cover of a building or structure with pyramidal additional elements 21 has the following sequence, depending on the span of the buildings. First, L-shaped half-frames are mounted with a certain step 13. Then they are laid along the contour of the slabs of the plate 9. Then, on the protrusions 17 of the plates 9, pyramidal additional elements 21 are mounted, on which the plates 22 are supported vertically, and are rigidly connected at the place of docking with the plate 9 . All structural elements are joined by welding embedded parts. The joints between the structures are monolithic with concrete or mortar.

Obtaining complex three-dimensional structures of buildings for various purposes and their coatings is achieved by combining different types of cells with different locations of half-frames, plates and pyramidal elements.

A variety of architectural, planning and spatial solutions of buildings can be obtained using triangular floor slabs for bay windows, balconies, loggias, peaks, shadow canopies, etc. in the planning structure of the facade.

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Claims (4)

1. A building or structure, including supporting elements located along the contour of the building’s cells, slabs with grooves and protrusions on the edges, some of which are supported by bearing elements, and additional elements installed on the slabs, characterized in that, in order to expand opportunities architectural and planning decisions and reducing the nomenclature of building elements while increasing the span of the cells, the supporting elements are made in the form of L-shaped half-frames with the location of the crossbars along the contour of the cells and / or perpendicular to the external axis of the cells, and the litas have the shape of a right-angled isosceles triangle with bevels at the corners adjacent to the hypotenuse, made with cutouts and protrusions in the upper part and supported by bolts with half legs, and the rest of the plates and additional elements are supported on adjacent plates and additional elements with alternating their p dots from the contour of the cells to their center, while the length n of each bevel is determined from the ratio P where I is the length of the leg of the plate with a bevel. 2.3 the building or building according to claim 1, characterized in that each additional element is made in the form of a plate, which has the shape of an isosceles right-angled triangle whose height is equal to the height of the triangle of the main plates, and the grooves and protrusions along the contour for connection with adjacent plates, on the hypotenuses of which they are supported on two sides-legs. 3. Building or construction pop. 1, the fact that each additional element is made in the form of a rod pyramid having a rectangular isosceles triangle at the base with a height equal to the height of the triangular plates and the height of the pyramid, and resting on the base legs of the hypotenuses of adjacent plates. 4. A building or structure according to 1 and 3, characterized in that it is provided with additional vertically mounted QCZ98LI 6 No. Fig.17 / l Fie 18 AND No. V Fie. 19 Fa 22 fi g. 25 FIG. 29th / gtr Fig.ZO 0g / g, 32 3 Fig.31 Fi g, 33 G Fig. 34 Fig. 36 FIG. 40 FIG. 41 FIG. 42 I AM Y / g Fig.44  V s-g / No. s / L Z1 / / Shigm 6-s 9.J