RU1771392C - Cotton growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: sowing of cotton is carried out when the soil reaches a temperature of 25-30 ° C at the depth of seed placement, and fertilizers are sown during sowing along the sowing line to a depth of 10-15 cm while loosening the underlying soil layer. Cotton crops are maintained by cultivating inter-rows to different depths successively by 15–20, 25–28, and 30–35 cm. During the last cultivation, fertilizers are applied and furrows are cut for irrigation, and irrigation water is supplied with a variable flow rate 85-90% of the furrow length by a fast current, the rest by a slow current. Once the soil has reached the state of maturity, deep-growing cultivations resume.

Description

cl

with

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in crop production in areas of cotton cultivation,

A known method of cultivating cotton (1). The method consists in the annual fractional application of mineral fertilizers for sowing, during sowing and during the growing season. The latter is produced by feeding. To obtain friendly seedlings, feed irrigation rates of 600-700 m3 / ha are carried out, followed by vegetation irrigation in the amount of 5-6 to 7 times.

Such cultivation techniques are coupled with a number of disadvantages. So, frequent and heavy irrigation, starting with a recharge, overcool the soil, contributing to the rapid development of the wilt. Multiple dressings are not effective, because fertilizers are washed out of the soil by the aforementioned irrigation, and the effluent also pollutes the environment. All this negatively affects the yield and grade of cotton fiber.

An object of the present invention is to increase the yield of cotton, improve its grade while reducing irrigation water consumption and preventing environmental pollution.

The goal is achieved by sowing cotton after the soil reaches a temperature of 25-30 ° C at the depth of seeding, and the fertilizers are sowed along the sowing line to a depth of 10-15 cm while loosening the underlying soil layer in the direction of core development root, then the cultivation of inter-rows to different depths is carried out sequentially by 15-20, 20-28 and 30-35 cm, and during the last cultivation, mineral obrenes are introduced

4

-4

Jw

S

5

and cut furrows for irrigation, and irrigation water is supplied with a variable flow rate, while 85-90% of the furrow length is fed with a fast flow, the rest of the furrow with a slow flow, then after the soil reaches ripeness, different-depth cultivations are resumed and repeated watering and cultivation.

Example. In autumn, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied under tillage plowing in the currently widely used standards: 70% phosphorus, 50% potash fertilizers. In spring, field work begins after 10 ma, when the period of unstable weather passes, characterized by frequent returns of cold weather, heavy rains and heavy by the winds.

After the indicated date, floor leveling is performed by long-base planners, chiseling and malovanie. In these operations, overgrown weeds are destroyed. Then sowing is carried out with bare seeds with a sowing rate of 25-30 kg / ha. Simultaneously with sowing along the line of the row, fertilizers in the amount of 30% nitrogen and 15% phosphorus from the annual norm are applied to a depth of 10-15 cm. On day 4-5, seedlings of cotton appear. They are thinned to a predetermined thickness of a hundred, and then proceed to inter-tillage. In this case, the first cultivation is carried out to a depth of 15-20 cm, the second 25-28 cm and the third 30-35 cm and deeper. In the last treatment, the remainder of the annual norm of mineral fertilizers, i.e. 70% of nitrogen, 15% of phosphate and 50% of potash fertilizers and cut furrows for irrigation. Irrigation is carried out with a variable flow rate: for a furrow length corresponding to 85-90% of the entire length, moisture is supplied by a fast current, and a slow flow into the remaining end of the furrow. In this case, the total irrigation duration is no more than 20-22 hours, this eliminates the hypothermia of the cotton root system, the discharge of irrigation water and environmental pollution.

After the soil has dried to the ripening phase, different depth cultivations resume, and in the period of July 20-25 deep minting of cotton bushes is carried out.

The second vegetative irrigation is carried out

in August, in the same order as the first. Once the soil has matured after this watering, the last cultivation is carried out. Then proceed to defoliation and

harvesting.

The proposed method allows to increase the productivity of cotton, improve the quality of fiber, save money on material and water resources,

to achieve ecological cleanliness of the environment by creating optimal moisture and soil content in a constantly loose state.

Claims (1)

The claims A method of cultivating cotton, which provides for fractional application of mineral fertilizers for cultivation during sowing and during the growing season, conducting vegetative irrigation of the furrows, caring for sowing, plant defoliation and harvesting, in order to increase cotton yield and improve cotton variety while reducing irrigation water consumption and environmental pollution, sowing of cotton is carried out after the soil reaches a temperature of at least one seed seed depth of no more than 25-30 ° C, and fertilizers during sowing are applied along the sowing line to a depth of 10-15 cm s simultaneous loosening of the underlying soil layer in the direction of development of the core root, then Cultivation of the intercrops is carried out to a depth of 15-20 cm, 25-28 cm and 30-35 cm, and during the last cultivation, fertilizers are applied and cut furrows for irrigation, and irrigated water is supplied with a variable flow rate, while 85-90% of the furrow length is supplied with a fast flow, the rest of the furrow is fed with a slow flow, then after reaching the soil state of ripeness, different depth cultivations are resumed and re-irrigated and cultivation