RU174157U1 - BIOREACTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to biogas plants and can be used for processing poultry and livestock waste in farms and peasant farms. The objective of the utility model is to reduce the energy intensity of the process, increase the volume of biogas output and accelerate the rise and exit of biogas bubbles by increasing uniformity heat transfer and mixing, due to the movement of biomass in the horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor. The technical result is achieved by that the bioreactor contains a sealed heat-insulated casing with a cover, nozzles for supplying and removing biomass, a nozzle for biogas removal, a heat exchanger-mixer with blades mounted at an angle, and a drive. The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows. The proposed design includes a heat exchanger-mixer made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades, while the upper and lower blades are offset relative to each other at an angle of 25-35 °, and the side blades are located at an angle of 25-35 ° relative to about the horizontal plane of the bioreactor, while the upper and lower blades are interconnected by intermediate blades made in the form of rectangular pipes, thus forming a single internal cavity.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to biogas plants and can be used for processing poultry and livestock waste in farms and peasant farms.

State of the art

Bioreactors (biogas plants) are used for the processing of poultry and livestock waste and the production of biogas and biofertilizers, the use of which is limited by the high cost of thermal energy to maintain the anaerobic digestion process and the low biogas yield.

For the bioreactor to work effectively and maintain the fermentation process stability, the raw materials must be heated to the temperature of the anaerobic processes and mixed periodically to prevent areas with different temperatures, uniform heat transfer and uniform heating of the biomass. Sudden changes in temperature are undesirable.

These operations are carried out by a heat exchanger and a mixer installed inside the bioreactor and working independently of each other or simultaneously, but mixing and heating are carried out in the same plane. Such a constructive solution leads to an increase in energy costs and stagnation of gas bubbles in the biomass.

Therefore, the main task of modern technology for processing poultry and livestock waste is to achieve mixing of biomass in both horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor in order to minimize energy costs and accelerate the rise and exit of biogas bubbles.

In this regard, for anaerobic digestion of waste it is necessary to use highly effective bioreactors.

Known bioreactor, which includes a housing, inside of which are located the circulation and perforated pipes. The circulation pipe is filled with heated TEN-ohm water, part of the biogas using a compressor is fed into the perforated pipe and through the perforation enters the housing, leading to mixing of the heated biomass in the housing [1].

The disadvantages of this bioreactor include the complexity of the design, the constant and excessive mixing of biomass and the irrational use of the resulting biogas.

A biogas plant is known, which is a bioreactor, inside of which there is a heat exchanger, a receiving pipe and a biomass removal pipe, a mixing device made in the form of a vertical shaft on which the blades are mounted. Outside the reactor, a solar heater is installed, connected to a heat exchanger [2].

The disadvantages of the known biogas plant include the complexity of the design, uneven heating and mixing of biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor.

The closest in technical essence, the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a bioreactor, which includes a sealed thermally insulated body with a cover, nozzles for supplying and removing biomass, nozzles for removing biogas, a heat exchanger-mixer and a drive [3].

The disadvantages of the known bioreactor include the mixing of biomass only in the horizontal plane of the volume of the bioreactor.

To reduce the energy intensity of the process and accelerate the rise and exit of biogas bubbles, it is necessary to develop a bioreactor for anaerobic digestion of waste, consisting of a body, a heat exchanger-mixer with blades, which allows to reduce energy costs, accelerate the rise and exit of biogas bubbles, increase the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing by moving biomass in the horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is to reduce the energy intensity of the process, increase the volume of biogas output and accelerate the rise and exit of biogas bubbles by increasing the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing, due to the movement of biomass in the horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to reduce energy costs, accelerate the rise and exit of biogas bubbles, increase the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing due to the movement of biomass in the horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the bioreactor contains a sealed thermally insulated body with a cover, nozzles for supplying and removing biomass, a nozzle for removing biogas, a heat exchanger-mixer with blades mounted at an angle, and a drive.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed design includes a heat exchanger-mixer, made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades, while the upper and lower blades are offset relative to each other at an angle of 25-35 °, and the side blades are located at an angle of 25-35 ° relative to the horizontal plane of the bioreactor while the upper and lower blades are interconnected by intermediate blades made in the form of rectangular pipes, thus forming a single internal cavity.

Due to such a design of the bioreactor, energy costs are reduced, the rise and exit of biogas bubbles are accelerated, the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing is increased due to the movement of biomass in the horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a bioreactor; in FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the blades of a heat exchanger-mixer.

Utility Model Implementation

Depicted in FIG. 1 bioreactor consists of a sealed thermally insulated body 1 with a cover 2, supply pipes 3 and 4 of biomass outlet, branch pipe of biogas 5, heat exchanger-mixer 6, rolling bearing 7, stuffing box seal 8, cylindrical pipe 9, heat source 10, pipes 11 and 12 , driven pulley 13, electric motor 14, V-belt transmission 15, control panel 16 and time relay 17.

Depicted in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger-mixer 6 is made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft 18 with four blades made of chrome-molybdenum steel pipes, while the upper 19 and lower 20 blades are offset relative to each other at an angle of 25-35 °, and the side blades 21 are located at an angle of 25- 35 ° relative to the horizontal plane of the bioreactor and rigidly attached to the vertical tubular shaft 18 with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane. The upper 19 and lower 20 blades are interconnected by intermediate blades 22, made in the form of rectangular pipes, forming a single internal cavity. The values of the angles of inclination of the blades are selected constructively. In a given range of angle of inclination of the blades, qualitative indicators of biogas rise and exit are significantly improved.

The heat exchanger-mixer 6 is mounted coaxially with the fermentation chamber, the upper and lower parts of which are rigidly mounted in the rolling bearings 7 with stuffing box seals 8, attached to the cover 2 and the housing 1 of the bioreactor, and is connected to the heat source through fixed cylindrical pipes 9, one ends of which connected to the heat source 10 using pipes 11 and 12, and in others the ends of the vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.) are installed with stuffing box seals 8.

In the middle of the upper part of the vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.), The driven pulley 13 is connected rigidly to the electric motor 14 by means of a V-belt transmission 15. The electric motor 14 is equipped with a control panel 16 and a time relay 17.

The bioreactor operates as follows.

From the heat source 10, the heated coolant (not shown in Fig.) Enters through the supply pipe 11 through a cylindrical pipe 9 into a vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.) Of the heat exchanger-mixer 6 and is distributed under pressure along the top 19, intermediate 22, side 21 and the lower 20 blades, heating the biomass. Through the lower part of the heat exchanger-mixer 6, the heated heat carrier (not shown in Fig.) Enters the lower cylindrical pipe 9 and returns to the heat source 10 through the pipe 12. The biomass is constantly heated and the heat carrier circulates.

The operator turns on the electric motor 14 and the torque is transmitted via V-belt transmission 15 to the driven pulley 13, which drives the vertical tubular shaft 18 of the heat exchanger-mixer 6 with a rotation frequency of 7 ... 8 min ^-1 , providing uniform heat exchange and mixing in horizontal and vertical planes for due to the sliding of biomass along the inclined surfaces of the lateral 21 and intermediate 22 blades, resulting in an accelerated rise and exit of biogas bubbles. Mixing of the biomass is carried out after 2 ... 3 hours, lasting 10 ... 15 minutes, the whole process is controlled by a time relay 17. The heating of the biomass for the thermophilic process must not exceed 60 ° C, and the operating mode is selected constructively depending on the type of waste. The values of the bioreactor operating modes are selected constructively, allowing to improve the quality of mixing and fermentation.

An experimental sample of the bioreactor is made and tested in the research laboratory "Alternative Energy" Kabardino-Balkarian State Autonomous Institution named after V.M. Kokova and showed high quality anaerobic digestion of poultry and livestock.

The proposed bioreactor design in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages:

simplicity of construction;

the ability to mix biomass in the horizontal and vertical planes of the bioreactor;

the ability to reduce energy costs for heating biomass;

ability to increase biogas output;

the ability to increase the rate of rise and exit of bubbles of biogas produced.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2430153 Russian Federation IPC ⁷ C12M 1/04. Bioreactor / D.Yu. Suslov, L.A. Kushchev; applicant and patent holder of GOU VPO Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. " - No. 2009139543/13; declared 10/26/09; publ. 05/10/11, Bull. No. 13 - 7 p.: Ill.

2. Pat. 2065408 Russian Federation IPC ⁶ C02F 3/28. Biogas plant / A.K. Ilyin, O.P. Kovalev, V.A. Tymoshenko; Applicant and patent holder: Institute for Marine Technology Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - No. 94011881/26; declared 04/05/94; publ. 08/20/96.

3. Pat. 152918 Russian Federation, IPC7 A01C 3/02 (2006.01). Bioreactor / A.G. Fiapshev, O.Kh. Kilchukova, A.K. Apazhev, L.M. Khazhmetov, Yu.A. Shekikhachev, M.M. Hamokov; Applicant and patent holder FGBOU VO Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokova. - No. 2015109021/13 (014286); declared 03/13/15; publ. 06/20/2015 Bull. Number 17.

Claims (1)

 A bioreactor comprising a sealed thermally insulated body with a cover, biomass inlet and outlet pipes, biogas outlet pipe, a drive and a heat exchanger-mixer, made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades, characterized in that the upper and lower blades are offset relative to each other at an angle of 25 -35 °, and the side blades are located at an angle of 25-35 ° relative to the horizontal plane of the bioreactor, while the upper and lower blades are interconnected by intermediate blades made in the form of a rectangular s tubes, forming a single internal cavity.

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