RU152918U1 - BIOREACTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A bioreactor comprising a sealed thermally insulated body with a cover, nozzles for supplying and discharging biomass, a nozzle for biogas removal, a heat exchanger-mixer and a drive, characterized in that the heat exchanger-mixer is made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades made of chrome-molybdenum steel pipes, while the blades having a staple shape are symmetrically and rigidly attached to a vertical tubular shaft with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane. 2. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger-mixer is installed coaxially with the fermentation chamber, the upper and lower parts of which are rigidly mounted in rolling bearings with stuffing box seals attached to the cover and body of the bioreactor, and are connected to the heat source by means of fixed cylindrical pipes , some ends of which are connected to the heat source by means of pipes, and in others, the ends of the vertical tubular shaft with stuffing box seals are installed. 3. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the middle of the upper part of the vertical tubular shaft, a driven pulley is rigidly attached, connected to the electric motor by means of a V-belt drive.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to biogas plants and can be used for processing livestock and poultry wastes in farms and peasant farms.

State of the art

Bioreactors (biogas plants) are used to process animal and poultry waste and produce biogas and biofertilizers from them, the use of which is limited by the high cost of thermal energy to maintain the anaerobic digestion process, high metal consumption of the structure, and low biogas yield.

For the bioreactor to work effectively and maintain the fermentation process stability, the raw materials must be heated to the temperature of the anaerobic processes and mixed periodically to prevent areas with different temperatures, uniform heat transfer and uniform heating of the biomass. Sudden changes in temperature and frequent or prolonged mixing are undesirable.

These operations are performed by a heat exchanger and a mixer installed inside the bioreactor and working independently of each other. Such a constructive solution leads to an increase in the metal consumption of structures and energy costs.

Therefore, the main task of modern technology for processing livestock and poultry waste is the maximum combination of technological operations in order to reduce energy costs, metal consumption and increase biogas output.

In this regard, for anaerobic digestion of waste it is necessary to use highly effective bioreactors.

Known bioreactor including a housing, divided into four sections, inside of which are heat exchangers and mixing devices that operate independently of each other [1].

The disadvantages of this bioreactor include the complexity of the design, uneven heating and uneven mixing of the entire volume of biomass.

Known bioreactor including a housing inside of which are located circulation and perforated pipes. The circulation pipe is filled with heated TEN-ohm water, part of the biogas using a compressor is fed into the perforated pipe and through the perforation enters the housing, leading to mixing of the heated biomass in the housing [2].

The disadvantages of this bioreactor include the complexity of the design, the constant and excessive mixing of biomass and the irrational use of the resulting biogas.

The closest in technical essence, the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a biogas plant, which is a bioreactor, inside which there is a heat exchanger, a intake pipe and a biomass drain pipe, a mixing device made in the form of a vertical shaft on which the blades are mounted. Outside the reactor, a solar heater is installed, connected to a heat exchanger [3].

The disadvantages of the known biogas plant include the complexity of the design, uneven heating and mixing of biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor.

To reduce the energy intensity of the process and increase the biogas output, it is necessary to develop a bioreactor for anaerobic digestion of waste, consisting of a body, a heat exchanger-mixer combined in one unit, which allows to reduce the metal consumption of the structure and energy costs, increase the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing of biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is to reduce the energy intensity of the process and increase the volume of biogas output by increasing the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing of biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is reduced to heating and mixing the biomass at the same time with one device, reducing the metal consumption of the structure and energy costs, increasing the uniformity of heat transfer and mixing of the biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the bioreactor contains a sealed thermally insulated body with a cover, nozzles for supplying and removing biomass, a nozzle for biogas removal, a heat exchanger-mixer and a drive.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed design includes a heat exchanger-mixer, made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades made of chrome-molybdenum steel pipes, while the blades having a bracket shape are located symmetrically and are rigidly attached to the vertical tubular shaft with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane.

The heat exchanger-mixer is installed coaxially with the digestion chamber, the upper and lower parts of which are rigidly mounted in rolling bearings with stuffing box seals attached to the cover and body of the bioreactor and connected to the heat source by means of fixed cylindrical pipes, one ends of which are connected to the heat source by pipes and in others the ends of the vertical tubular shaft with stuffing box seals are installed.

In the middle of the upper part of the vertical tubular shaft, a driven pulley is rigidly attached, connected to the electric motor by means of a V-belt drive.

Due to such a design of the bioreactor, the metal consumption of the structure and energy costs are reduced, the volume of biogas output increases due to uniform heat transfer and mixing of biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a bioreactor; in FIG. 2 shows the layout of the blades of a heat exchanger - mixer.

Utility Model Implementation

Depicted in FIG. 1 bioreactor, consists of a sealed thermally insulated body 1 with a cover 2, supply pipes 3 and 4 of biomass outlet, branch pipe of biogas 5, heat exchanger-mixer 6.

The heat exchanger-mixer 6, is made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades (not numbered in Fig.) Made of chrome-molybdenum steel pipes, while the blades having a brackish shape are symmetrically and rigidly attached to the vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.) with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane.

The heat exchanger-mixer 6 is mounted coaxially with the fermentation chamber, the upper and lower parts of which are rigidly mounted in rolling bearings 7 with stuffing box seals 8, attached to the cover 2 and the housing 1 of the bioreactor and connected to the heat source through fixed cylindrical pipes 9, one ends of which are connected with a heat source 10 using pipes 11 and 12, and in others, the ends of the vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.) are installed with stuffing box seals 8.

In the middle of the upper part of the vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.), The driven pulley 13 is connected rigidly to the electric motor 14 by means of a V-belt transmission 15. The electric motor 14 is equipped with a control panel 16 and a time relay 17.

The bioreactor operates as follows.

From the heat source 10, the heated coolant (not shown in Fig.) Enters through the supply pipe 11 through a cylindrical pipe 9 into a vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.) Of the heat exchanger-mixer 6 and is distributed under pressure across all its blades (in Fig. Not numbered) by heating the biomass. Through the lower part of the heat exchanger-mixer 6, the heated heat carrier (not shown in Fig.) Enters the lower cylindrical pipe 9 and returns to the heat source 10 through the pipe 12. The biomass is constantly heated and the heat carrier circulates.

The operator turns on the electric motor 14 and the torque is transmitted via V-belt transmission 15 to the driven pulley 13, which drives the vertical tubular shaft (not numbered in Fig.) Of the heat exchanger-mixer 6 with a rotation speed of 7 ... 8 min ^-1 , providing uniform heat transfer and mixing biomass. Mixing of the biomass is carried out after 2 ... 3 hours, lasting 10 ... 15 minutes, the whole process is controlled by a time relay 17. The heating of the biomass for the thermophilic process should not exceed 50 ... 60 ° C to reduce the energy consumption of the process and increase the biogas output (the operating mode is chosen constructively depending on the type of waste).

The combination of the mixing device and the heat exchanger into one structural unit allows heating and mixing the biomass more evenly due to the rotation of the heat exchanger-mixer and heat transfer to the biomass throughout the volume of the bioreactor, in contrast to all existing heat exchangers that allow heating and mixing only limited areas, which leads to uneven heating and mixing biomass.

An experimental sample of the bioreactor was manufactured and tested in the laboratory “Energy-saving technologies” of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokova ”and showed high qualities of anaerobic digestion of poultry waste.

The proposed bioreactor design in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages:

- simplicity and low metal construction;

- the ability to perform both heating and mixing biomass;

- the ability to reduce energy costs for heating biomass;

- the ability to increase the output of biogas.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2491330 Russian Federation IPC ⁷ C12M 1/04. Capacitive bioreactor / V.N. Kononov, N.A. Ovsyannikov; Applicants and patent holders V.N. Kononov, N.A. Ovsyannikov. - No. 20111150342/10; declared 12/9/11; publ. 08/27/13, Bull. No. 24 - 10 pp., Ill.

2. Pat. 2430153 Russian Federation IPC ⁷ C12M 1/04. Bioreactor / D.Yu. Suslov, L.A. Kushchev; applicant and patent holder of GOU VPO Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. " - No. 2009139543/13; declared 10/26/09; publ. 05/10/11, Bull. No. 13 - 7 pp .: ill.

3. Pat. 2065408 Russian Federation IPC ⁶ C02F 3/28. Biogas plant / A.K. Ilyin, O.P. Kovalev, V.A. Tymoshenko Applicant and patent holder: Institute for Marine Technology Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - No. 94011881/26; declared 04/05/94; publ. 08/20/96.

Claims (3)

1. A bioreactor comprising a sealed thermally insulated body with a cover, nozzles for supplying and removing biomass, a nozzle for biogas removal, a heat exchanger-mixer and a drive, characterized in that the heat exchanger-mixer is made in the form of a vertical tubular shaft with four blades made of chrome-molybdenum steel pipes, however, the blades having a staple shape are symmetrically and rigidly attached to a vertical tubular shaft with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane. 2. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger-mixer is installed coaxially with the fermentation chamber, the upper and lower parts of which are rigidly mounted in rolling bearings with stuffing box seals attached to the cover and body of the bioreactor, and are connected to the heat source by means of fixed cylindrical pipes, some ends of which are connected to the heat source by means of pipes, and in others, the ends of a vertical tubular shaft with stuffing box seals are installed. 3. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the middle of the upper part of the vertical tubular shaft, a driven pulley is rigidly attached, connected to the electric motor by means of a V-belt drive.

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