RU2579787C1 - System for accelerated aerobic processing of biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: system can be used for accelerated fermentative processing of animal, population and birds waste, as well as other types of biomass. System includes device for preparation of the processed liquid medium, temperature-controlled casing with material feed tubes and ready product intake tubes, gas feed tubes and gas excess intake tubes, device for aeration from the air pump, biomass mixer with electric drive. Device for aeration is placed in a mixer and is made in the form of a hollow screw with holes, fixed on the pipe. One end of the pipe is connected with reversing electric drive, and other - with sliding coupling connected to supercharger. Rack-scraper is fixed on the screw along the case. Medium intake tube is connected to separator at liquid ready product outlet, at one output of which dry product is delivered and its other output with separated liquid through the valves is connected to inputs of processed medium treatment device, wherein said device is made of series-connected pump-extruder, raw material collector, electrohydraulic crusher and mixing chamber, connected to material feed tube. Other inputs of raw material collector and mixing chamber are connected at the input to valves feeding separated fluid. Higher efficiency of the system operation.

EFFECT: proposed system for accelerated aerobic processing of biomass is recommended as universal aerobic reactor for organic wastes with various properties.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The system belongs to the field of biotechnology in agriculture and forestry and can be used for accelerated fermentation processing of waste animals, people and birds, as well as other types of biomass.

More than 450 thousand tons of manure, litter and sewage from treatment facilities are produced daily in the Russian Federation. Already today, over 2 million hectares of land are occupied by manure storage, and this resource poses a real environmental threat.

It is impossible to build biogas plants with a methane cycle on such volumes of raw materials due to the length of methane fermentation processes and the need to create a large number of digesters.

Aerobic processes can significantly reduce the processing time of the feedstock, turning it into an environmentally friendly fertilizer, as an alternative to chemical fertilizer.

Known devices for accelerated aerobic processing of biomass by crushing it by electro-hydraulic treatment, for example, according to the "method of preparing peat for microbiological fermentation and animal feed industry" authors Yutkina L.A. and Goltseva L.I. according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 275028 [1].

The disadvantages of the device created by this method are their limited use, because they provide only grinding of raw materials, and for the further process, in addition to seeding the appropriate microflora, additional devices are required that provide accelerated fermentation of biomass. Also known is the "Apparatus for microbiological decomposition of organic waste by V. Tumchenok. according to the patent of the Russian Federation No.201663 [2].

The apparatus contains a cone with pipes for supplying and discharging air and media, separated by horizontal partitions in height, an aerator above them from horizontal corners with ribs up to form cavities into which air is supplied through the pipes, and flexible threads with nozzles for immobilization are placed in slotted gaps microorganisms.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is its low productivity due to the limited contact time of organic waste with microorganisms, because successive movement of effluents from overlying cavities to underlying cavities is limited by the size of the structure, which cannot be excessively large in size. Other devices in this unit that intensify the anaerobic process are not provided. It is also known "device for the fermentation of agricultural waste" according to GB patent, application No. 2299075, 1986 [3].

This device also made an attempt to lengthen the path of movement of raw materials and the time of its contact with microorganisms. This is ensured by the fact that the device is designed as a multi-tiered apparatus in a vertical design and contains fermentation and aging tanks.

Fermentation tanks contain support nodes with rotating blades, air supply and filter elements.

The disadvantages of this device are its bulkiness and limited functionality to intensify the process of aerobic processing of biomass.

The closest analogue (prototype) in our opinion is the "Device for the fermentation processing of liquid manure and litter" by authors Luzhkov Yu.M., Dzhafarova Sh.A. and others according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2247099 [4].

This device contains a housing, means for introducing a processed liquid medium and a suspension of microorganisms, an impeller with a rotary drive, an aeration device with a bubbler plate, nozzles for introducing and discharging raw materials and air, an agitator with an actuator, a jacket for supplying coolant or refrigerant.

In this device, an attempt was made to lengthen the paths of biomass movement and the time of its contact with microorganisms due to the cyclical turnover of raw materials with the help of a paddle wheel and an inclined surface around the bubbler plate.

The disadvantages of this device are low efficiency and complexity in its technical implementation, including due to the presence of two electric drives, the lack of a device for the preliminary preparation of the processed liquid medium from various types of biomass in the state of its homogenization, and the presence of stagnant zones that cannot be washed away at the corners of the rectangular case the movement of raw materials, which creates the conditions for the development of mold and other types of fungi in confrontation with beneficial microflora.

The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result of the proposed solution is as follows:

- increased system efficiency due to the placement in the body of a hollow screw made of porous metal on a central pipe connected at one end to the electric drive, and the other through a slip clutch to the gas supercharger;

- increased efficiency of the system and its ability to work on different types of bio-raw materials due to the use of a device for preliminary preparation of the processed liquid medium containing a series-connected extruder pump, a source of raw materials, an electro-hydraulic crusher and a mixing chamber, the outlet of which is connected to the raw material inlet to the fermenter casing, moreover, a separated liquid with suspensions of microorganisms is also fed into the mixing chamber from the outlet of the housing;

- increased system efficiency by eliminating stagnant zones with the accumulation of microflora harmful to the aerobic process by making the casing in the form of a cylinder, by placing a scraper rail at the ends of the auger, the axis of rotation of the auger stirrer is shifted down relative to the axis of the cylindrical body;

- increased system efficiency due to the implementation of a screw made of porous metal with tiny holes and the use for aeration of technical oxygen and / or ozone;

- increased system efficiency due to the placement on the surface of the screw of a fine mesh of fibrous material with a developed surface, such as graphite felt for placement of anaerobic microflora.

As a result of a search by sources of patent and scientific and technical information, we did not find a combination of features characterizing the described “aerobic processing system of biomass”. Thus, in our opinion, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "new".

Based on a comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prior art, it can be argued that between the set of distinctive features, their functions and the task achieved, the proposed technical solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art and meets the eligibility criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed technical solution can find application as a universal reactor for the aerobic processing of various types of biomass of high productivity.

The drawing in section shows the design of a system of accelerated aerobic processing of biomass.

The system of accelerated aerobic processing of biomass contains a device 1 for preliminary preparation of the processed liquid medium connected to a thermostatically controlled case 2 of the fermenter, inside of which there is a hollow screw 3 made of porous metal, mounted on a pipe 4, connected at one end to a reverse electric drive 5, and the other to a coupling 6 sliding tightly pressed to the pipe and connected to the air (gas) supercharger 7.

A fibrous filler 8 is placed on the surface of the screw, and the body has a nozzle-hatch 9 for removing unfermented sludge, a nozzle 10 for the exit of the finished product, connected to the separator 11, from which one dry product is taken, and the other exit with a liquid enriched with bacteria, through the valves 12 and 13 is connected respectively to the first inputs of the collection 14 of the feedstock and the mixing chamber 15, and the output of the latter is connected to the pipe 16 for inputting the prepared raw materials into the housing. The input 17 of the device for the preparation of the processed liquid medium is connected through an extruder pump 18 to another input of the source of raw materials, one output of which is connected to the other input of the mixing chamber through an electro-hydraulic crusher 19, and the second output of the collector is connected to the sludge settler 20, the purified liquid from which can be pumped 21 to be flushed back to the farm. The body of the system has a pipe 22 for the release of excess gas and can also be equipped with a device for initial heating of biomass, for example, on the basis of the “warm floor” principle and a number of control and measuring devices (not shown in the drawing).

To exclude caking of the unfermented product at the bottom of the casing, a scraper rail 23 is attached to the screw, and the axis of rotation of the screw mixer is shifted down relative to the axis of the cylindrical casing.

"System accelerated anaerobic biomass processing" works as follows.

Biomass, for example, waste from the farm, enters the device 1 for preliminary preparation of the processed liquid medium through its inlet 17 to the extruder pump 18 for preliminary grinding. For these purposes, the “Device ...” can be used according to the USSR copyright certificate No. 954016 of the authors Shepovalova VD, Alexandryana K.V. and others or its analogues [5]. From the extruder pump, the crushed biomass enters the electro-hydraulic crusher 19, and solid particles and excess liquid are fed into the sludge settler 20, from where the purified liquid is pumped back to the farm by pump 21 for use in manure flushing units.

In the electro-hydraulic crusher [1], biomass is homogenized and crushed to the smallest size, commensurate with the size of microorganisms, which makes this porridge product more digestible, because the number of contacts of bacteria with micro-pieces of biomass increases during further fermentation.

In the crusher 19, the incoming biomass is disinfected and heated at the same time, which is then transferred to the mixing chamber 15. When the system is initially started, aerobic microflora inoculation (inoculation) can be fed to the input of the mixing chamber 15, and during continuous operation of the microorganism suspension system, they enter the chamber 75 through the inlet valve 13 with the separated liquid from the separator 11 connected to the pipe 10 to exit the finished product.

Enriched with bacteria, the biomass from the outlet of the mixing chamber 75 enters through the pipe 16 for introducing raw materials into the housing 2. The reversible electric drive 5 rotates the pipe 4 with a predetermined program with a hollow screw made of porous metal with a huge number of microholes. Currently, porous metal is produced from stainless steel, nickel alloys, cast aluminum and copper [6, 7, 8].

From the air (gas) supercharger 7, air, technical oxygen or ozone are supplied through the sliding sleeve 6 to the pipe 4 and then through the micropores of the screw 3 and the fibrous filler 8 enters the solution. Colonies of anaerobic bacteria settle on fibrous filler 8 [9, 10], the vital activity of which is intensified by oxygen, which accelerates their reproduction. Studies conducted at UrFU have shown that treating the feedstock with oxygen and ozone accelerates its decomposition by 9.3 and 19.8%, respectively.

The rail-scraper 23 moving near the lower surface of the housing does not allow caking to settle, and the reverse of the electric drive 5 moves the mass along the housing in the forward and reverse direction, creating conditions for active mixing of the liquid medium and oxygen with bacteria for accelerated aerobic processing of biomass.

The aerobic process is exothermic, therefore, in the process of biomass processing, the necessary temperature in the housing can also be maintained by moving part of the unused liquid from the separator 11 through the valve 12 to the feedstock collection 14.

For hot climates, thermostating of biomass in the housing can be carried out by supplying cold water to the “warm floor” device used during the initial start-up of the system (not shown in the drawing).

“Finished product” - liquid processed biomass is discharged through the pipe 10, and if necessary in the form of a “dry product” - from the outlet of the separator 11.

The maximum acceleration of the aerobic processing of biomass is achieved in the mode of a single loading of the housing with the closed pipe 16 and the reverse movement of the screw 3 inside the housing until the product is ready.

In the continuous process, through the pipe 16 the biomass solution enters in small calculated doses and for a certain time, when the product is ready, it enters the pipe 10 to exit the housing.

The proposed “System for the accelerated aerobic processing of biomass” through the use of an extruder pump in combination with an electro-hydraulic crusher and other components of the device 1 for the preliminary preparation of the processed liquid medium allows the use of various types of feedstock: litter, grass, silo, leaves, sewage drains, etc. .

The proposed "System ..." will find wide application as a universal aerobic reactor for the processing of organic waste with various properties.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Yutkin L.A., Goltsova L.I. A method of preparing peat for microbiological fermentation and animal feed industry. USSR copyright certificate No. 275028, IPC A23K 1/00, C12N 1/00 (analogue).

2. Tumchenok V.I. Apparatus for microbiological decomposition of organic waste. RF patent No.201663, IPC C12M 1/00 (analogue).

3. Application for patent GB No. 2299075, 1986. A device for the fermentation of agricultural waste (analogue).

4. Luzhkov Yu.M., Dzhafarov Sh.A. and other device for the fermentation processing of liquid manure and litter. RF patent No. 2247099, IPC C05F3 / 06, A01C 3/02 (prototype).

5. Shepovalov V.D., Alexandryan K.V. and other Device for the treatment of manure. USSR copyright certificate No. 954016, IPC A01C 3/00.

6. Technical conditions of the ECO. 021.755 TU of the Ural Electrochemical Plant. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: www.ricon.e-burg.ru.

7. Advertising brochure on filtering elements and noise suppressors of Composite Materials LLC. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: www.km.skb.ru.

8. Advertising brochure of OJSC “Uralelectromed” for antifriction porous products. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: www.elem.ru/ru/business/production/search/index.ohp187.

9. Ruff bio-loading. Advertising sheet of Ecopromcompany CJSC. Section: wastewater treatment. 600016. G. Vladimir, st. B. Nizhny Novgorod, 77.

10. Carbon fabrics of RUE SPO Khimvolokno. 247400, Svetlogorsk, st. Factory, 5. [Electronic resource]. Access Mode: www.sohim.open.by.

11. Snyder Martin. Installation for implementing a periodic or continuous method of hydrolysis of organic matter. RF patent No. 2426777, IPC C12M 1/107. Patentee Koremeksport S.R.O. (CZ).

Claims (5)

1. A system for accelerated aerobic processing of biomass, comprising a device for preparing a processed liquid medium, a thermostatic housing with nozzles for introducing raw materials and selecting a finished product, nozzles for introducing gas and selecting its excess, an aeration device from an air supercharger, an electric biomass mixer, characterized in that the aeration device is placed in the housing and is made in the form of a hollow auger with holes fixed on a pipe, one end of which is connected to a reversible electric drive, and the other to a mu the slide connected to the air supercharger, with a rail-scraper fixed to the screw along the casing, and a separator connected to the medium extraction pipe at the outlet of the finished liquid product, at which one dry product is discharged, and its other outlet with separated liquid through the valves is connected to the inputs of the device for the preparation of the processed liquid medium, and this device is made of series-connected extruder pump, a source of raw materials, an electro-hydraulic crusher and a mixing chamber EASURES connected to the raw material input conduit, and the other inputs feedstock collection and mixing chamber is connected at the input to the valves supplying the separated liquid. 2. The system of accelerated aerobic processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made in the form of a cylinder, and the axis of rotation of the mixer is shifted down relative to the axis of the cylindrical body. 3. The system of accelerated aerobic processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow auger is made of porous metal. 4. The system of accelerated aerobic processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that technical oxygen and / or ozone are used in the aeration device. 5. The system of accelerated aerobic processing of biomass according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that on the surface of the screw are applied fine-mesh nets of fibrous material with a developed surface.

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