RU165359U1 - DEVICE FOR THERMAL WASTE PROCESSING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for thermal processing of waste, containing a furnace connected by pipelines, a condenser-cooler, a collector-separator of liquid products and a gas-liquid separator, as well as a pressurization system and a manometer; a retort with the possibility of installing it in the furnace shaft, a lid, a shutter along the perimeter of the mating surfaces of the retort and the furnace, and a bellows expansion joint connecting the furnace with a condenser-cooler. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of the furnace is lined with refractory concrete and high-temperature thermal insulation based on ceramic fiber. A device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the burner of the furnace contains a coaxially arranged and connected by a sealing flange air supply pipe, an air nozzle regulator for supplying gas and an external pipe connected by a flange to the gas-air mixture chamber, mixer and ejector, and gas nozzle regulator has gas nozzles. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that vortex stabilizers are located at the end of the air supply pipe. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the regulator of the air nozzle is made with the possibility of axial movement. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer pipe is removable. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the pipelines are arranged to be cleaned.

Description

The utility model relates to techniques for the processing of crushed waste rubber products, polymers, wood waste, etc., in particular to devices for the processing of rubber products (RTI).

A device for thermal processing of waste containing a housing with a bottom and nozzles for supplying air, steam, returning the flue-gas mixture and the output of the product gas (RU No. 2062284, 1996).

The disadvantages of this device are the low productivity of the product gas and the narrow possibilities for processing waste of heterogeneous composition, the complexity of the special sorting of raw materials, as well as the regulation of moisture content of the raw materials.

As a prototype, a device for processing organic waste was selected, comprising a housing with a bottom and nozzles for supplying air, steam, a returning flue-gas mixture and a product gas outlet with a waste loading hopper and an outlet for removing ash residue (US No. 5504267, 1996)

Signs that coincide with the essential features of the proposed method are: a furnace connected by pipelines, a condenser-cooler, a collector-separator of liquid products and a gas-liquid separator, as well as a boost system and a manometer, and grates and a burner are installed in the lower part of the furnace shaft.

Reasons that hinder the achievement of the expected technical result are: design complexity due to the sequential processing of raw materials in several containers and the difficulty of sorting and loading raw materials, low wear resistance and difficulties in repairing the device.

The technical result consists in expanding the functionality for processing wastes of heterogeneous composition, increasing the efficiency of the technological process of processing organic raw materials by ensuring the processing of raw materials with a significant spread

particle sizes and moisture content in organic matter, which changes over time, increasing wear resistance and maintainability, as well as reducing energy costs per unit calorific value of thermochemical processing products.

The technical task of the utility model is to create an effective device for the thermal processing of waste, mainly rubber products (RTI), and to expand the arsenal of these devices.

The problem is solved in that in a device for the thermal processing of waste containing pipelines, a furnace, a condenser-cooler, a collector-separator of liquid products and a gas-liquid separator, as well as a boost system and a manometer, with grates and a burner installed in the lower part of the furnace shaft, according to of the utility model, a removable retort with the possibility of installation in the furnace shaft, a lid, a shutter along the perimeter of the mating surfaces of the retort and furnace, and a bellows deformation compensator connecting the furnace to the condensate are introduced sator refrigerator; according to the utility model, the furnace shaft is lined with refractory concrete and high-temperature thermal insulation based on ceramic fiber; according to a utility model, the burner of the furnace contains a coaxially arranged and articulated by a sealing flange air supply pipe, an air nozzle regulator for supplying gas and an external pipe connected by a flange to the air-gas mixture chamber, mixer and ejector, and gas nozzles are made on the air nozzle regulator; according to a utility model, vortex stabilizers are located at the end of the air supply pipe; according to a utility model, the air nozzle adjuster is axially movable; according to a utility model, the outer pipe is removable; according to the utility model, the pipelines are arranged to be cleaned.

Between the set of essential features of the proposed device and the expected technical result that can be achieved, the following causal relationship is manifested: the introduction of a variable retort into the device with the possibility of installing a furnace, a lid, a shutter along the perimeter of the mating surfaces of the retort and furnace, and a bellows deformation compensator connecting the furnace with a condenser-cooler, allows you to expand the functionality of the device for thermal processing of waste heterogeneous stav, to increase the efficiency of the technological process of processing due to the organization of continuous operation of the furnace with periodic reloading of retorts, as well as significantly reduce energy costs per unit of calorific value of products of thermochemical processing.

In FIG. 1 is a drawing of a retort furnace;

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of a device for thermal processing of waste;

In FIG. 3 shows a side view of a device for thermal processing of waste;

In FIG. 4 is a sectional drawing of a burner.

A device for processing crushed waste contains a retort furnace 1, a removable retort 2, with a cover 9, a sand lock 10 around the perimeter of the mating surfaces of the replaceable retort and the furnace, which provides sealing of the interior of the furnace, a condenser-refrigerator 3, a collector-separator 4 of liquid products, gas-liquid separator 5, pressurization system 6, pressure gauge 7, ball valve coupling 8, shaft 11 of the furnace with lining 12 refractory concrete and high-temperature thermal insulation based on ceramic fiber, installed in the lower part of the shaft of the furnace us grate 13, the burner 14, expansion bellows 15 strains binding removable lid 9 of the retort 2 with the refrigerator condenser 3 by means of conduit 16 and the quick coupling 17. The burner 14 comprises an outer coaxial bred

a pipe 18, an air supply pipe 19, an air nozzle regulator 20 with gas nozzles 21, a guide 22 and flanges 23, 24, 25 and a gas-air mixture chamber 26. In addition, the burner includes a mixer 27, an ejector body 28, an ejector nozzle 29, vortex stabilizers 30 located on the end of the air supply pipe 19, and a sealing flange 31. The device operates as follows.

Processing of rubber goods is carried out with the aim of their disposal and obtaining valuable products - liquid fuel, combustible gas, carbon residue (semi-coke), metal (for rubber goods with metal cord).

Raw materials (crushed waste RTI) is loaded into retort 2 (vessel made of heat-resistant material). In the shaft 11 of the furnace through the open top of the shaft is placed a retort 2 with raw materials.

Retort 2 is a cylindrical vessel made of heat-resistant steel, with a lid 9. A sand lock 10 along the perimeter of the mating surfaces of the retort 2 and furnace 1 provides a seal of the internal space of the furnace 1.

The raw material is heated by heat transfer through the walls of the retort 2 and is subjected to thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) with the formation of a vapor-gas mixture and a carbon residue - semi-coke. The vapor-gas mixture is discharged from the retort through a pipe, cooled in a condenser-cooler 3, the vapor is condensed and the resulting liquid is separated from non-condensable gases in a gas-liquid separator 5. The liquid accumulates in the collector-separator 4 of liquid products, the gas is partially or fully used to maintain the process (burned in ovens). At the end of the pyrolysis process, the retort 2 with semi-coke is removed from the furnace 1 and installed in the furnace 1 retort 2 with raw materials.

The vertical shaft 11 of the furnace 1 is equipped with a lining 12 of refractory concrete and high-temperature thermal insulation based on ceramic fiber. In the lower part of the shaft 11 of the furnace 1 there are grates 13 for burning solid fuel and a burner 14 for burning

flammable gases. The intensification of combustion and mixing of flue gases is provided by a boost system 6.

Condenser-refrigerator 3 is designed for cooling and condensation of vapors of liquid pyrolysis products. The vapor-gas mixture is supplied from the retort 2 to the condenser-cooler 3 through a pipe 16 through a quick-connect connection 17 and a bellows expansion joint 15. Condensate and non-condensable gases are discharged through line 16 to the separator 4.

The collector-separator 4 is made in the form of a cylindrical container and is designed to collect liquid pyrolysis products and partial capture of liquid products from the gas stream.

The final cleaning of gas from liquid droplets is carried out in a gas-liquid separator 5.

Combustible gas enters the burner of the furnace and / or other consumers.

Retort 2 is loaded with raw materials outside the furnace in a horizontal or vertical position. After loading, the retort 2 is closed by a lid 9.

The loaded retort 2 is installed in the furnace 1 and using a quick disconnect connection is connected to the pipeline of the refrigerator-condenser 3. A pressure gauge 7 controls the pressure in the refrigerator-condenser 3.

Retort 2 can be installed both in a hot oven and in a cold one (at startup).

To ignite the furnace, solid fuel (firewood, coal, semi-coke) is loaded onto the grate through the furnace door and ignited. Intensification of combustion is provided by pressurization of air under the grate, intensification of gas mixing in the furnace and temperature control in the furnace is provided by pressurization of air through the air nozzle of the burner.

Pyrolysis gas enters the burner and ignites. As the gas flow increases, air pressurization under the grates (for burning solid fuel) is reduced.

The end of the pyrolysis process is determined by the decrease in gas flow. To obtain high-quality semi-coke, the process is conducted until the gas evolution ceases (“calcination”).

At the end of the process, the pressurization and gas supply are stopped for about 30 minutes in order to slightly reduce the temperature of the retort 2 and the lining 12 of the furnace 1 before removing the retort 2.

After lowering the temperature, the retort 2 is disconnected (quick disconnect) from the pipeline of the refrigerator-condenser 3 and is removed from the furnace 1, after which the loaded retort 2 is installed.

The extracted hot retort 2 cools in the air. After cooling, the lid 9 of the retort 2 opens and the semi-coke is unloaded by tipping.

During operation of the device, the ball valve coupling 8 must be closed.

Refractory concrete and ceramic fiber provide high durability of the lining 12 and the durability of the furnace. Concrete lining is repairable. At the end of its service life, the worn lining 12 can be replaced.

Supercharging allows you to efficiently burn low-grade fuels and minimize the heating time of the furnace 1.

Retort 2 from heat-resistant stainless steel has a high resistance to operating conditions and low weight. Removable retort 2 allows you to operate the furnace almost continuously, installing and removing retorts 2. Cooling the coke in closed retorts 2 in air allows you to refuse quenching of coke with water and reduce environmental stress. Tipping unloading allows you to abandon the time-consuming, slow and hazardous to manual unloading. The removable retort 2 is maintainable, as necessary, you can replace the most stressed (and small in weight) part - the bottom.

The pipelines of the gas and refrigerator-condenser 3 are made available for cleaning from possible deposits.

In the burner 14, a gas-air mixture is generated, which is generated from the air supplied through the pipe 19 and the gas supplied through the internal cavity of the air nozzle regulator 20 to the gas nozzles 21. The air supply is regulated by axial movement of the air nozzle regulator 20 in the guide 22.

The ignition gas-air mixture for the ignition flame is formed in the chamber 26, from which it forms the ignition flame at the end of these pipes in the gap between the outer pipe 18 and the inner pipe 19. The constant pressure and gas / air ratio of this pilot gas-air mixture ensures the stability of the pilot flame.

The implementation of the outer pipe 18 removable provides the ability to clean the gap with the inner pipe 19.

Air and gas for the ignition gas-air mixture respectively flow from the nozzle 29 into the ejector body 28. Further, the mixture through the mixer 27 tangentially enters the chamber 26, where the gas and air are reliably mixed due to the vortex motion of the jet. Flanges 23, 24, 25 and 31 provide for articulation between each other of the chamber 26, the outer pipe 18 and part of the inner pipe 19 with the guide 22.

Stabilization of the burner flame is ensured by the presence of a pilot flame stabilized by vortex stabilizers 30 due to the creation of reverse currents of the combustion products providing continuous ignition of the gas-air mixture and maintaining the flame stability during gas burning in a wide range of gas loads (up to 20 times), at any gas flow rate in any atmosphere in the furnace, at any gas-air ratio.

Thus, an effective device for processing crushed waste was created and the arsenal of these devices was expanded. Promoted

wear resistance and maintainability of the device for processing crushed waste.

At the same time, the functional capabilities for processing crushed waste of heterogeneous composition were expanded, the efficiency of the processing process was improved due to the organization of continuous operation of the furnace with periodic reloading of retorts, and the energy costs per unit calorific value of thermochemical processing products were reduced.

Claims (7)

1. A device for thermal processing of waste, containing a furnace connected by pipelines, a condenser-cooler, a collector-separator of liquid products and a gas-liquid separator, as well as a pressurization system and a manometer, with grates and a burner installed in the lower part of the furnace shaft, characterized in that a replaceable retort with the possibility of installing in the furnace shaft, a lid, a shutter around the perimeter of the mating surfaces of the retort and furnace and a bellows expansion joint connecting the furnace with a condenser-cooler. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace shaft is lined with refractory concrete and high-temperature thermal insulation based on ceramic fiber. 3. The device according to any one of p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the burner of the furnace contains a coaxially arranged and articulated by a sealing flange air supply pipe, an air nozzle regulator for supplying gas and an external pipe connected by a flange to the gas-air mixture chamber, mixer and ejector, moreover, gas nozzles are made on the air nozzle regulator. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that vortex stabilizers are located on the end of the air supply pipe. 5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the regulator of the air nozzle is made with the possibility of axial movement. 6. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the outer pipe is removable. 7. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the pipelines are made with the possibility of cleaning them.

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