RU155933U1 - MOBILE DEVICE FOR OBTAINING BIOGUMUS - Google Patents

Abstract

The mobile vermicompost device has pallets mounted vertically on top of each other, the upper pallet has a lid, the lower pallet is placed on the base, the pallets form modules of three pallets each, characterized in that the upper pallet has a rigid roof lid with a handle for opening made of dark metal-plastic, the bottom of the upper pallet is solid and can be pulled out sideways with the help of a handle, equally spaced holes are made in the sides of the middle pallet and the mixing cord is pulled out, the bottom the base of the middle pallet is a perforated surface with equidistant openings, the lower pallet is blind and placed on a base that extends using the handle, the pallets and side walls are made of dark metal, the wheels are located in the lower part of the rear wall at the level of the lower pallet.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, and in particular to devices for producing environmentally friendly biohumus fertilizer based on the processing of organic waste of plant and animal origin using vermiculture.

A device for processing waste to produce vermicompost and vermiculture, (RF patent No. 215616, publ. 07.20.1998), consisting of a housing with a mesh bottom, side walls and a cover, designed to form a module on a common rack, and in the lower part Each housing has a pallet and stand, consisting of vertical supports and a perforated plate, as well as an overflow pipe. The side walls of the body are inclined inward at an angle of 5 ° and are provided with vertical ribs with guides made at an angle of 25 °. Vertical ribs have a thickness of 1-5 mm, and the distance between them is 5-12 mm. The casing also has an inclined wall, a perforated part, a rear protrusion, support ebbs. The cover of each case consists of an upper pallet with a perforated bottom, a loading cone and suspended ebbs, and the mesh bottom is made in the form of a continuous tape of air-permeable fabric with side thickenings. The perforated plate of the stand is flush with the perforated part of the body.

The disadvantages are the use of a mesh bottom made in the form of a continuous tape of breathable fabric, which, under the influence of an aggressive chemical environment, will quickly collapse and require replacement; the geometric complexity of the design, as well as insufficient consideration of the physiological characteristics of the main representatives of vermiculture - earthworm composts, which manifest themselves in a stressful state while they are in a space limited by a large number of faces and surfaces located at different angles

A known method for the production of vermicompost and installation for its implementation, (RF patent No. 2530514, publ. 10.10.2014), consisting of a rectangular hopper with an unloading tray in the lower part, a heat jacket to maintain optimal conditions, an IR heater to separate the worms , perforated pipes for aeration of organic waste, while the unloading pallet consists of two parts, the width of one part of the pallet should be equal to the width of the hopper and in each part of the pallet there is an infrared heater and perforated pipes around the perimeter.

The disadvantages are the use of an IR heater to separate the worms, which entails significant energy costs, and also leads to the death of most of the worms uterine stock, which makes it impossible to reuse the separated worms as a component of vermiculture.

A device for producing vermicompost and vermiculture, (RF patent No. 215616, publ. 07.20.1998), consisting of a housing with a pallet and overflow pipe. A stand is installed inside the pallet, consisting of vertical supports and a perforated plate, and the side walls of the body are equipped with vertical ribs with guides located on them. The mesh bottom and additionally the side walls are formed by a fabric bag inserted into the housing, the bottom of which rests on a perforated plate of the stand.

The disadvantages are the inability to mix the substrate for vermicultivation, which significantly reduces the speed of the vermitechnological process, as well as the presence of a tissue bag, which, under the influence of high humidity and an aggressive chemical environment, will collapse and become a source of unnecessary tissue impurities of the prepared biohumus.

A device and method for producing humus by composting organic waste using earthworms (French patent No. 2594434, publ. 08.21.1987), consisting of interchangeable drawer pallets with mesh walls and a bottom. The boxes are filled with the processed product and stacked on top of one another.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the technological complexity of separating vermiculture and finished biohumus, as well as the lack of mechanisms for additional aeration of the compost mixture, which can significantly slow down the vermitechnological process.

A universal device for growing vermiculture on a garden plot with biohumus is known (RF patent No. 2033049, publ. 04/20/1995), consisting of vertical rack racks with slots for attaching the side edges of the boxes, and a pallet is installed horizontally between the couplings and racks . The clutches are mounted on the lower and upper rungs. On the vertical rods are mounted handles for shaking biohumus when sifting it. Boxes with edges are filled with the finished substrate and installed in the slots of the rack racks at a certain distance from each other, and then populated, for example, the bottom box with worms. Worms eat up the substrate and turn it into vermicompost, while laying cocoons in it and moving from bottom to top in the box. When the substrate is completely processed into vermicompost, it is necessary to sift it, to separate the worms from cocoons and vermicompost. The process of separating worms is carried out in sieve boxes with various cell sizes.

The disadvantages of this device are the poor stability of the structure, leading to physiological stress in earthworms, as well as the low rate of the vermitechnological process, due to the significant time spent on additional screening of vermicompost and separation of the worms.

A device for producing biohumus is known (RF patent No. 2054402, publ. 02.20.1996), adopted as a prototype consisting of a pallet with a mesh bottom and side walls with flanges. The pallets are mounted vertically on top of each other, the upper pallet has a cover in the form of a flexible roof. In the side walls of the pallets at the bottom there are two rows of holes for pulling the mesh cord. Both rows of holes are made at different angles to the bottom surface of the pallet and are offset relative to each other. The bottom pallet is placed on the base. The pallets are made of wood, form modules of three pallets in each, and the modules have a common rack.

The disadvantages are its fragility, due to the use of wooden pallets, which rot and collapse very quickly at high humidity, an aggressive chemical environment, lack of mobility, due to the large weight of the structure and the lack of a wheelbase, as well as the presence of near-wall drying of the nutrient mixture at the walls of the pallet body, which reduces biohumus output.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity of the process of processing organic waste into vermicompost, obtaining highly effective organic fertilizer for growing any type of plant, improving the environmental situation in settlements, farms and private household plots through almost 100% processing of organic waste generated in the course of life people.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the upper pallet has a cover in the form of a hard roof with an opening handle made of dark metal plastic, the bottom of the upper pallet is solid and can be pulled out sideways using the handle, equidistant holes are made in the sides of the middle pallet and the mixing cord, the lower base of the middle pallet is a perforated surface with equidistant holes, the lower pallet is made deaf and placed on the main Vania, pallets and the side walls are made of dark plastic, the bottom of the rear wall, at the level of the pallet are bottom wheel.

A mobile device for producing biohumus is illustrated by the following figures:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device,

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a middle pallet,

FIG. 3 - lower base of the middle pallet, where:

1 - cover in the form of a hard roof;

2 - handle for opening the lid;

3 - the upper tray of the device (organic waste);

4 - bottom of the upper pallet;

5 - handle for pushing the bottom of the upper pallet;

6 - mixing cord;

7 - perforated walls of the middle pallet;

8 - middle pallet of the device (processing of organic waste);

9 - perforated surface of the lower base of the middle pallet with equidistant holes;

10 - holes for the mixing cord;

11 - handle mixing cord;

12 - handle for extending the lower pallet;

13 - wheels;

14 - lower pallet of the device (finished product);

15 - handle for moving the device.

FIG. 4 - a table of the yield of finished biohumus using various methods of vermicultivation in one vermitechnological cycle (30 days).

The mobile device contains upper (3), middle (8) and lower pallets (14). Pallets are connected to the side walls. The upper pallet (3) has a cover in the form of a hard roof (1) with a handle for opening (2), made of dark metal. The bottom of the upper pallet (4) is continuous and can be pulled out to the side using the handle (5). At the level of the middle pallet (8), the walls have equidistant openings (7) for aeration of vermicompost. Two additional holes (10) are made in the side walls of the middle pan (8) for pulling the mixing cord (6) to mix the vermicompost. The middle pallet (8) has a lower perforated base with equidistant holes (9). The lower pallet (14) is made deaf and placed on a base that extends with the handle (12), the pallets and side walls are made of dark metal, in the lower part of the rear wall, there are wheels (13) at the level of the lower pallet.

The device operates as follows.

Using the handle (2), open the lid that covers the mobile device, made in the form of a hard roof (1). A compost mixture consisting of organic waste of natural origin is placed on the upper tray (3) of the mobile device. The composition of the compost mixture and the ratio of components depends on the type of plants that will be grown on soil fertilized with vermicompost. The most effective mode of operation is when the device is placed in a warm, illuminated place, for example, on a heated floor of a greenhouse, and held for 90 days, periodically (every 5-7 days) watering the mixture with water at a temperature of ± 30 ° C, and in quantity, providing a substrate moisture level of at least 75%.

After complete overheating of the compost mixture, using the handle (5), the bottom of the upper pan (4) is extended and the compost mixture is moved to the middle pan (8).

The resulting vermicompost is populated with vermiculture with a population density of earthworm compost worms “Eisenia foetida” of at least 50 individuals per 1 liter of vermicompost volume. After that, the bottom of the upper tray (4), using the handle (5), is pushed to its original position, and a new batch of organic waste is loaded onto the upper tray (3) to repeat the cycle of preparing vermicompost.

In the middle pan (8), a vermitechnological process is carried out, which consists in processing the vermicompost obtained by the Eisenia foetida worms. To activate the process in the side walls of the middle pan there are equally spaced openings (7), necessary for air enrichment. Also, in order to speed up the process at the level of the middle pallet, the installation has two additional holes (10) for pulling the mixing cord (6). The rotation of the mixing cord (6) is carried out using a special handle (11) for 3-5 minutes once every 5-7 days, which allows you to further loosen the vermicompost, saturating its internal areas with necessary air, and also prevent the formation of compacted large structures that subsequently, it is difficult to separate the finished biohumas into the lower pan (14) through the perforated surface of the lower base of the middle pan with equidistant openings (9).

The perforated surface of the lower base of the middle pallet with equally spaced openings (9), on the one hand, allows freshly prepared biohumus to pass through them freely, and on the other hand makes the entry of worms on the lower pallet unlikely. The lower pan (14) is unloading. Thanks to this, freshly prepared vermicompost at any time can be obtained and used for soil application. The biohumus is unloaded from the lower pan (14) using the handle (12) mounted on the end wall of the lower pan (14). The mobility of the device is carried out using the wheels (13) installed in the lower part of the rear wall of the mobile device, at the level of the lower pallet (14) and with the help of the handle (15) mounted on the rear wall of the device at the level of the upper pallet, as well as the relatively small mass of the device itself .

Thus, a mobile device for producing biohumus provides optimal conditions for the processing of organic waste with obtaining the maximum possible yield of biohumus per unit weight of the compost mixture. At the same time, the developed device is mobile, takes up much less space, allows you to almost completely eliminate unpleasant odors and its appearance is more ergonomic.

The set of features of this technical solution allows to achieve a technical result and eliminate the disadvantages of the known devices.

Claims (1)

The mobile vermicompost device has pallets mounted vertically on top of each other, the upper pallet has a lid, the lower pallet is placed on the base, the pallets form modules of three pallets each, characterized in that the upper pallet has a rigid roof lid with a handle for opening made of dark metal-plastic, the bottom of the upper pallet is solid and can be pulled out sideways with a handle, equidistant holes are made in the sides of the middle pallet and the mixing cord is pulled out, the bottom the base of the middle pallet is a perforated surface with equidistant openings, the lower pallet is blind and placed on a base that extends using the handle, the pallets and side walls are made of dark metal, the wheels are located in the lower part of the rear wall at the level of the lower pallet.

Images