RU176765U1 - DEVICE FOR THE PROCESSING OF SOLID ORGANIC WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, namely, devices for producing environmentally friendly biohumus fertilizer based on the processing of organic waste of plant and animal origin using vermiculture. A device for processing solid organic waste consists of sections, trays and side walls with openings for aeration at a level middle pallet, pallets are installed vertically relative to each other, the upper pallet has a hard roof cover with a handle for opening, in the upper part The upper pan is equipped with a temperature sensor with a connection system, the lower base of the upper pallet consists of doors that can be opened using drives, the holes are made in the sides of the middle pallet and the mixing cord is pulled out, the lower base is a perforated surface with equidistant holes, the lower pallet is placed on a retractable using the handle base, the pallets and side walls are made of dark metal and form a module of three parts, in the bottom s portion of the rear wall at the level of the lower tray are wheel.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, namely, devices for producing environmentally friendly organic fertilizer - vermicompost based on the processing of organic waste of plant and animal origin using vermiculture.

A device for processing waste to produce vermicompost and vermiculture (RF patent No. 2115639, publ. 07/20/1998), consisting of a housing with a mesh bottom, side walls and a cover, designed to form a module on a common rack, and in the lower part Each housing has a pallet and stand, consisting of vertical supports and a perforated plate, as well as an overflow pipe. The side walls of the body are inclined inward at an angle of 5 ° and are provided with vertical ribs with guides made at an angle of 25 °. Vertical ribs have a thickness of 1-5 mm, and the distance between them is 5-12 mm. The casing also has an inclined wall, a perforated part, a rear protrusion, support ebbs. The cover of each case consists of an upper pallet with a perforated bottom, a loading cone and suspended ebbs, and the mesh bottom is made in the form of a continuous tape of air-permeable fabric with side thickenings. The perforated plate of the stand is flush with the perforated part of the body.

The disadvantages are the use of a mesh bottom made in the form of a continuous tape of breathable fabric, which, under the influence of an aggressive chemical environment, will quickly collapse and require replacement; the geometric complexity of the design, as well as insufficient consideration of the physiological characteristics of the main representatives of vermiculture - earthworm composts, which manifest themselves in a stressful state while they are in a space limited by a large number of faces and surfaces located at different angles

A known method for the production of vermicompost and installation for its implementation, (RF patent No. 2530514, publ. 10.10.2014), consisting of a rectangular hopper with an unloading tray in the lower part, a heat jacket to maintain optimal conditions, an IR heater to separate the worms , perforated pipes for aeration of organic waste, while the unloading pallet consists of two parts, the width of one part of the pallet should be equal to the width of the hopper and in each part of the pallet there is an infrared heater and perforated pipes around the perimeter.

The disadvantages are the use of an IR heater to separate the worms, which entails significant energy costs, and also leads to the death of most of the worms uterine stock, which makes it impossible to further reuse the separated worms as a component of vermiculture.

A device for producing vermicompost and vermiculture, (RF patent No. 2115640, publ. 07.20.1998), consisting of a housing with a pallet and overflow pipe. A stand is installed inside the pallet, consisting of vertical supports and a perforated plate, and the side walls of the body are equipped with vertical ribs with guides located on them. The mesh bottom and additionally the side walls are formed by a fabric bag inserted into the housing, the bottom of which rests on a perforated plate of the stand.

The disadvantages are the inability to mix the substrate for vermicultivation, which significantly reduces the speed of the vermitechnological process, as well as the presence of a tissue bag, which, under the influence of high humidity and an aggressive chemical environment, will collapse and become a source of unnecessary tissue impurities of the prepared biohumus.

A device and method for producing humus by composting organic waste using earthworms (French patent No. 2594434, publ. 08.21.1987), consisting of interchangeable drawer pallets with mesh walls and a bottom. The boxes are filled with the processed product and stacked on top of one another.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the technological complexity of separating vermiculture and finished biohumus, as well as the lack of mechanisms for additional aeration of the compost mixture, which can significantly slow down the vermitechnological process.

A device for producing biohumus is known (RF patent No. 2054402, publ. 02.20.1996), consisting of a pallet with a mesh bottom and side walls with flanges. The pallets are mounted vertically on top of each other, the upper pallet has a cover in the form of a flexible roof. In the side walls of the pallets at the bottom there are two rows of holes for pulling the mesh cord. Both rows of holes are made at different angles to the bottom surface of the pallet and are offset relative to each other. The bottom pallet is placed on the base. The pallets are made of wood, form modules of three pallets in each, and the modules have a common rack.

The disadvantages are its fragility, due to the use of wooden pallets, which rot and collapse very quickly at high humidity, an aggressive chemical environment, lack of mobility, due to the large weight of the structure and the lack of a wheelbase, as well as the presence of near-wall drying of the nutrient mixture at the walls of the pallet body, which reduces biohumus output.

A device for producing biohumus is known (RF patent No. 155933 dated 10.20.2015), adopted as a prototype consisting of sections, pallets and side walls with holes for aeration at the level of the middle pallet, the pallets are installed vertically relative to each other, the upper pallet has a cover in the form of a hard roof with a handle for opening, and a bottom that extends with a handle into the side, equidistant holes are made in the sides of the middle pallet and the mixing cord is pulled out, the lower base is a perforated surface equidistant holes disposed on the lower tray via a retractable base of the handle, pallets and the side walls are made of dark plastic, and form a module of three parts, a lower part of the rear wall, at the level of the bottom pallet are arranged wheels.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the lack of the ability to automatically control the degree of readiness of the substrate for subsequent vermicultivation, as well as the presence of significant difficulties when pushing the bottom of the upper pallet to the side in case of constant adhesion to the surface of the mass of the prepared substrate.

The technical result is to increase the speed of processing waste into organic fertilizer with the help of worms, to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer for growing any crops and ornamental plants, to improve the ecological situation in settlements, farms, and private household plots.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that

A device for processing solid organic waste is illustrated by the following figures:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device,

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a middle pallet,

FIG. 3 - lower base of the middle pallet,

1 - cover in the form of a hard roof;

2 - handle for opening the lid;

3 - the upper tray of the device (organic waste);

4 - opening doors;

5 - drive for opening and closing the door;

6 - mixing cord;

7 - perforated walls of the middle pallet;

8 - middle pallet of the device (processing of organic waste);

9 - perforated surface of the lower base of the middle pallet with equidistant holes;

10 - holes for the mixing cord;

11 - handle mixing cord;

12 - handle for extending the lower pallet;

13 - wheels;

14 - lower pallet of the device (finished product);

15 - handle for moving the device.

16 - connection system;

17 - temperature sensor.

The device comprises an upper tray of the device (organic waste) 3 (Fig. 1), a middle tray of the device (processing of organic waste) 8 and a lower tray of the device (finished product) 14, which are mounted vertically relative to each other and form a three-part module. Pallets are connected to the side walls. The upper tray of the device (organic waste) 3, has a cover in the form of a hard roof 1 with a handle for opening 2, made of dark metal. The bottom of the upper pallet is an opening door 4, on which there are actuators for opening and closing the doors 5. A temperature sensor 17 with a connection system 16 is installed in the upper part of the upper pallet. A handle is attached to the rear wall of the upper pallet to move the device 15. At the level of the middle pallet device 8 installed perforated wall of the middle pallet. The walls have equidistant openings 7 (Fig. 2) for aeration of vermicompost. In the side walls of the middle pallet, two additional holes 10 are made for pulling the mixing cord 6 for mixing the vermicompost. The middle pallet has a lower perforated surface of the lower base of the middle pallet with equidistant holes 9 (Fig. 3). The lower pallet of the device (finished product) 14 is made blind and placed on the base that is pulled out using the handle to extend the lower pallet 12, the pallets and side walls are made of dark metal plastic, wheels 13 are located in the lower part of the rear wall, at the level of the lower pallet.

The device operates as follows. Using the handle to open the lid 2 (Fig. 1), open the lid, closing the device. A compost mixture consisting of organic waste of natural origin is placed on the top tray of the device (organic waste) 3. The composition of the compost mixture and the ratio of components depends on the type of agricultural or ornamental crops that will be grown on soil fertilized with vermicompost. After complete overheating of the compost mixture, which is recorded using the temperature sensor 17 with the connection system 16 through the establishment of a constant daily temperature in the substrate itself, the drive system for opening and closing the door 5 is activated, the automatically opening doors of the bottom of the upper pallet 4 allow the prepared compost mixture to be moved to device middle tray (organic waste processing) 8.

The resulting vermicompost is populated with vermiculture with a population density of earthworm compost worms “Eisenia foetida” of at least 50 individuals per 1 liter of vermicompost volume. After that, the opening doors 4, using the drive to open and close the doors 5, are closed in their original position, and a new batch of organic waste is loaded onto the upper tray of the device (organic waste) 3 to repeat the preparation cycle of vermicompost.

In the middle tray of the device (processing of organic waste) 8, a vermitechnological process is carried out, which consists in processing the vermicompost obtained by the Eisenia foetida worms. To activate the process performed (Fig. 2) perforated walls of the middle pan 7 (Fig. 1), this is necessary to enrich the vermicompost with oxygen.

Also, in order to speed up the process at the level of the middle pallet, the installation has two additional holes 10 for pulling the mixing cord 6. The mixing cord 6 is rotated using the special handle of the mixing cord 11 for 3-5 minutes once every 5-7 days, which allows additionally loosen the vermicompost, saturating its internal areas with the necessary air, and also prevent the formation of compacted large structures, which subsequently make it difficult to separate the finished biohumas into the lower device (final product) 14 through the perforated surface of the lower middle of the pallet base with equidistant holes 9 (FIGS. 1, 3).

The perforated surface of the lower base of the middle pallet with equidistant openings 9 (Figs. 1, 3), on the one hand, allows freshly prepared biohumus to pass through them freely, and on the other hand makes the entry of worms on the lower pallet unlikely. The bottom pallet of the device (finished product) 14 is unloading. Thanks to this, freshly prepared vermicompost at any time can be obtained and used for soil application. Unloading vermicompost from the lower pallet of the device (finished product) 14 is performed using the handle to extend the lower pallet 12 mounted on the end wall of the lower pallet of the device (finished product) 14. The mobility of the device is carried out using wheels 13 mounted on the bottom of the rear wall of the mobile device , at the level of the lower pallet of the device (finished product) 14 and using the handle to move the device 15 mounted on the rear wall of the device at the level of the upper pallet, as well as relative light weight of the device itself.

Thus, a device for processing solid organic waste provides optimal processing conditions for the respective types of waste with obtaining the maximum possible yield of vermicompost per unit weight of the compost mixture. At the same time, the developed device is mobile, it allows you to automatically register the temperature regime of the prepared vermicompost and control the transition of the vermicomposting stage to the vermicultivation stage, to eliminate almost unpleasant odors and its appearance is ergonomic (Table 1).

The set of features of this technical solution allows to achieve a technical result and eliminate the disadvantages of the known devices.

Claims (1)

A device for processing solid organic waste, including pallets mounted vertically on top of each other, the lower pan is placed on the base, the upper pallet has a hard roof cover with a handle for opening, equidistant holes are made in the sides of the middle pallet and the mixing cord is pulled out, the lower base represents a perforated surface with equidistant openings, the lower pallet is placed on a base that extends using the handle, the pallets and side walls are made of metal plastic and form a module of three parts, in the lower part of the rear wall at the level of the lower pallet there are wheels, characterized in that a temperature sensor with a connection system is installed in the upper part of the upper pallet, the lower base of the upper pallet is made in the form of opening doors with mounted on them actuators for opening and closing.

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