RU152898U1 - WEDGE OF THE FRICTION DAMPER OF THE VEHICLES OF THE CAR OF THE CARGO WAGON - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A wedge of a frictional vibration damper of a freight car truck, comprising a hollow body, a rectangular rectangular surface, having cutouts, preferably rectangular, at all four corners, an upper face on which a protrusion, side walls, an inclined surface consisting of three segments are made , two extreme of which are equidistant from the vertical plane of symmetry of the wedge and have parts protruding on both sides of the wedge beyond the side walls, curved surfaces formed by sectors of qilin a surface of radius R, the middle segment is larger than the extreme segments having a flat inclined surface, the base is in the form of a rectangular plate with a rounding towards the inclined surface of the middle segment of the wedge having a boss in the middle part, characterized in that the upper walls are made on the side walls ribs mating with the upper face and lower ribs forming lateral protrusions with protruding parts of the extreme segments beyond the side wall of the outer segments, the extreme segments have a horizontal radius R plane at a base portion having a rounding, is made convex, plane conjugate with an inclined surface tapered surface having the shape of the side surface of a truncated cone, the apex of which faces the rectangular vystupu.2. The wedge of the friction damper of the wagon of a freight car according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper ribs are made at an angle from 1 to 30 ° to the upper face.

Description

The invention relates to a structural element of a friction vibration damper used in the construction of a freight wagon trolley designed to transport various cargoes, including bulk ones.

The friction damper of the wagons of a freight wagon is the most important unit, the state of which determines the performance and life of the wagon of a freight wagon. During operation of a freight car truck, the work of the friction damper is characterized by instability due to the fact that the friction force created by it for damping the vibrations of the car body decreases with time due to wear of the working surfaces of the friction wedge in contact with the corresponding surfaces of the pressure beam and the friction bar. The wedge of the friction damper refers to the heavily loaded and wearing parts of the friction pairs of the freight wagon trolleys operating in areas of intense wear, since when the freight wagon moves along the railroad track, the wedge of the friction damper works in conditions of abrasive exposure to the working environment (dust, sand, etc.) while contacting with the surfaces of the overpressure beam and the friction plate, usually made of steel. The vertical and inclined walls of the wedge, forming its working contour, as well as the side faces of the surfaces of the wedge, are subject to the most significant wear. In this case, the wear of the vertical wall is marginal, and the wear of the inclined wall is uneven, which together can lead to a loss of structural strength of the friction wedge. In this regard, the main task to improve the operational properties of the friction wedge is to improve its design in order to increase the wear resistance, durability and performance.

Known friction wedge (RU 128584, B61F 5/12, publ. 05.27.2013) containing a hollow wedge housing having a support platform, a vertical wall, a front horizontal rib, an inclined wall, a horizontal wall mated to the outer surface of the inclined wall, side walls ring collar under springs.

The inclined wall has a working surface formed by two parts, between which a recess is made, located symmetrically on the longitudinal axis of the wedge. The working surface of each part of the inclined wall is convex to the outside of the wedge and inclined wall. The recess is made symmetrically about the axis of the wedge and relative to parts of the working surface of the wedge and separates one part of the working surface from its other part. The surfaces of the parts are identical in shape. Each part of the working surface is made convex to the outside of the wedge and is formed by a generatrix of radius R in the vertical plane.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that the working parts of the wedge, made convex, have a forming radius in only one vertical plane, which ensures tight contact with the elements of the carriage of the car only if the car moves in a straight section of the track. At the same time, the vertical edges of the wedge are not adequately protected from premature wear, which may occur as a result of their impacts on the surface of the pocket of the nadresornoy beam during the movement of the freight car.

Another disadvantage is that the “contact spot” of the wedge and the nadressornoj beam can only move in one plane. When the car moves in curves, complex movements of the nadressor beam and “running-in” of the side frames of the trolley occur, which lead to a decrease in the contact area and the displacement of the “contact spot” of the wedge and nadressore beam to undesirable areas of the working surfaces of the wedge, resulting in increased wear of the inclined and vertical the walls of the wedge, forming the working contour of the wedge, especially their side faces.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a shoe of a friction damper for vibrations of a freight car truck (RU 124234, B61F 5/12, published January 20, 2013) of a spatial design containing a hollow wedge-shaped housing. The shoe has a vertical flat surface for interacting with a friction plate mounted on a vertical column of the side frame of a freight car truck, an upper face on which there is a rectangular protrusion, side walls, an inclined surface and a base. The inclined surface of the shoe, facing the inclined surface of the pocket of the nadressornoj beam, consists of three segments, two of which are equidistant from the vertical plane of symmetry of the shoe and have curved surfaces formed by sectors of a cylindrical surface of radius R. Moreover, the angle of inclination of the extreme segments of the shoe is less than the angle of inclination towards each other of the extreme segments of the inclined surfaces of the pockets of the nadresornoy beam. The middle segment of the shoe, greater than its extreme segments, has a flat inclined surface. A technological rectangular hole with fillets is made along the symmetry axis of the middle segment of the shoe, reinforced around the perimeter with a shoulder of height h and width b. In this case, the height h and width b of the reinforcing collar of the technological hole in the middle segment of the inclined surface of the wedge are smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the recess in the middle segment of the inclined surface of the pressurized beam. The extreme segments have parts protruding on both sides of the shoe beyond its side walls. The base of the shoe is made in the form of a rectangular plate with rounding towards the inclined surface of the middle segment of the shoe and is equipped with a bonk.

Despite the fact that the reduced wear of the side faces of the inclined surfaces of the shoe and, accordingly, the side walls of the pocket of the sprung beam, the prototype has disadvantages.

The first drawback is that in direct operation in the zone of interaction of the working surfaces of the shoe and the pocket of the nadressor beam and in the internal cavity of the shoe through the technological hole in the inclined wall, abrasive particles (the remains of the transported bulk cargo, particles of the ballast layer of the upper track structure, etc.), contributing to accelerated shoe wear.

Parts of the extreme segments protruding on both sides of the shoe beyond its walls, restricting the movement of the shoe across the pocket of the nadressornoj beam, are of insufficient length and area. When the car moves, parts of the extreme segments hit the surface of the pocket of the sprung beam, resulting in their accelerated wear.

In addition, the design of the shoe due to its complexity is not technologically advanced to manufacture and requires the use of rod technological equipment. In this case, stress concentrators may occur in the region of the technological hole, which, when increased dynamic loads are applied in operation, can lead to the appearance and development of wedge cracks.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is the creation of a wedge of a friction damper for the oscillations of a freight wagon trolley with increased wear resistance and strength.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the wedge of the friction damper of the wagon of the freight car contains a hollow body, a rectangular vertical surface having cutouts, preferably rectangular in all four corners, an upper face on which a protrusion is made, side walls, an inclined surface consisting of three segments, two extreme of which are equidistant from the vertical plane of symmetry of the wedge and have parts protruding on both sides of the wedge beyond the side walls, curved surface formed by sectors of a cylindrical surface of radius R, the middle segment is larger than the extreme segments having a flat inclined surface, the base is in the form of a rectangular plate with a rounding towards the inclined surface of the middle segment of the wedge having a boss in the middle part, the upper walls are made on the side walls ribs mating with the upper face and lower ribs forming lateral protrusions with protruding parts of the extreme segments beyond the side wall of the outer segments, the extreme segments have a forming radius R ₁ in the horizontal plane, and on the part of the base having a rounding, a convex conical surface conjugated with a flat inclined surface is made, having the form of a part of the side surface of a truncated cone, the apex of which faces a rectangular ledge. Moreover, the upper ribs are made at an angle from 1 to 30 ° to the upper face.

The described technical solution is presented in the drawings:

FIG. 1 - wedge friction damper, in isometry

FIG. 2 - wedge friction damper, General view, in isometry

FIG. 3 - wedge of friction damper, main view

FIG. 4 - wedge friction damper, section in a vertical longitudinal plane,

FIG. 5 - wedge friction damper, section in the horizontal longitudinal plane

FIG. 6 - wedge friction damper, bottom view,

where the following notation is given:

1 - hollow body

2 - vertical flat surface

3 - upper edge

4 - side wall

5 - inclined surface

6 - base

7 - neckline

8 - rectangular ledge

9, 10 - extreme segment

11 - middle segment

12 - part of the extreme segment 9

13 - part of the extreme segment 10

14 - curved surface

15 - flat inclined surface

16 - upper rib

17 - lower rib

18 - lateral ledge 19-boss

20 - part of the base 6 having a rounding

21 - convex conical surface.

The wedge of the friction damper of the wagon of the freight car (Fig. 1) contains a hollow body 1 made of alloy steel for castings, for example, 30 GSL, a rectangular vertical flat surface 2, the upper face 3, side walls 4, the inclined surface 5 and the base 6. B the corners of the vertical flat surface 2 are cutouts 7, preferably of rectangular shape. A protrusion 8 is made on the upper face 3. The inclined surface 5 consists of extreme segments 9 and 10, respectively, and a middle segment 11 (Figs. 2, 3). The extreme segments 9 and 10 are equidistant from the vertical plane of symmetry of the wedge (Fig. 4) and have parts 12 and 13, respectively, protruding on both sides of the wedge beyond the side walls 4. The extreme segments 9 and 10 have curved surfaces 14 formed by sectors of a cylindrical surface of radius R in the vertical plane (Fig. 5) and a generatrix of radius R ₁ in the horizontal plane (Fig. 4). The middle segment 11, greater than the extreme segments 9 and 10, has a flat inclined surface 15.

On each side wall 4 there are made an upper rib 16 conjugated with it, located at an angle a from 1 to 30 ° to the upper face 3, and a lower rib 17. The upper ribs 16 and lower ribs 17 form lateral protrusions 18 with parts 12 or 13 ( Fig. 2).

The base 6 is made in the form of a rectangular plate with a rounding towards a flat inclined surface 15. In the middle part of the base 6 there is a boss 19 (Fig. 3, 6).

On the portion 20 of the base 6 having a rounding, a convex conical surface 21 is made conjugated with a flat inclined surface 15 in the form of a part of the lateral surface of a truncated cone, the apex of which faces a rectangular protrusion 8 (Fig. 2, 3).

In the working position, the wedge is installed in the friction vibration damper, while its body 1 is located between the inclined surface of the nadressornoj beam (not shown) of the freight car truck, on the one hand, and the friction strip of the side frame (not shown) of the freight car truck, on the other hand. Under the action of forces arising during the movement of a freight car, the wedge moves in a vertical plane, up - under the action of a wedge spring (not shown), down - together with the spring, interacting with the curved working surfaces of the extreme segments 9 and 10 with the corresponding parts of the inclined surface of the pocket of the spring beams, and the vertical flat surface of the 2nd friction bar of the side frame of the wagon trolley.

Due to the presence on the side walls of the wedge of increased lateral protrusions, consisting of the upper, lower ribs and part of the corresponding extreme segment of the inclined surface of the wedge, the total area of the working surface of the wedge and the working contour of the wedge as a whole is increased. The upper and lower ribs serve as stiffeners for parts of the extreme segments protruding beyond the side walls, perceiving and distributing the loads acting on the working surfaces of the extreme segments of the wedge, while maintaining the strength characteristics of the wedge while reducing the thickness of the inclined and vertical walls of the wedge as a result wear during operation.

Due to the implementation of a convex conical surface conjugated with a flat inclined surface on a part of the base having a rounding, the stress concentration in the transition zone of the wedge base to the inclined surface of the wedge is reduced, especially during cyclic loading of the friction damper during movement of the freight wagon along curved sections of the railway, and increased the strength of the wedge as a whole.

The execution of the working surfaces of the extreme segments with curvilinear (torus) ensures their constant contact with the corresponding parts of the inclined surfaces of the pocket of the pressurized beam, the reduction of contact stresses at the contact point of the working surfaces of the extreme segments of the wedge and the pressurized beam, the constant value of the coefficient of relative friction. The wear of the curved working surfaces of the extreme segments of the wedge becomes more uniform and, accordingly, the resource of the wedge body and the friction wedge as a whole increases.

The implementation of the upper ribs at an angle from 1 to 30 ° to the upper face contributes to the removal ("rolling") of abrasive particles falling on the wedge when the freight car moves along the railway line.

Thanks to the improvement of the design of the wedge of the friction damper, an increase in its wear resistance and strength is achieved, and as a result, an increase in the overhaul distance of the freight car.

Claims (2)

1. A wedge of a frictional vibration damper of a freight car truck, comprising a hollow body, a rectangular rectangular surface, having cutouts, preferably rectangular, at all four corners, an upper face on which a protrusion, side walls, an inclined surface consisting of three segments are made , two extreme of which are equidistant from the vertical plane of symmetry of the wedge and have parts protruding on both sides of the wedge beyond the side walls, curved surfaces formed by sectors of qilin a surface of radius R, the middle segment is larger than the extreme segments having a flat inclined surface, the base is in the form of a rectangular plate with a rounding towards the inclined surface of the middle segment of the wedge having a boss in the middle part, characterized in that the upper walls are made on the side walls ribs mating with the upper face and lower ribs forming lateral protrusions with protruding parts of the extreme segments beyond the side wall of the outer segments, the extreme segments have a horizontal radius R ₁ a conical surface, having the shape of a part of the lateral surface of a truncated cone, the apex of which is rounded, has a convex conjugated to a flat inclined surface, apex of which has a rounded edge. 2. The wedge of the friction damper of the wagon of a freight car according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper ribs are made at an angle from 1 to 30 ° to the upper face.

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