RU141332U1 - FUEL COMBUSTION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for burning fuel, comprising a furnace, a return smoke channel, a chimney, a door, a closing device, a smoke hole, which, in the process of opening the door, switches from the working closed position to the open position, characterized in that the smoke hole opens the entrance to the direct exhaust duct and is located in the front of the furnace at a height that ensures its complete overlap with a closing device, which is a metal plate, rigidly mounted horizontally in the upper part of the door or rakticheski horizontally, the area of the plate is necessary and sufficient to overlap the flue otverstiya.2. A device for burning fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of rotation of the door, sufficient to prevent smoke, is from 5 ° to 90 °. The device for burning fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the smoke hole is from 0.2 to 3 of the cross section of the chimney.

Description

The utility model relates to the design of stoves, fireplaces and their elements. It can be used in the development of heating devices with a furnace, the design of which provides for reverse smoke removal.

A possible exit of the circulating flow of flue gases into the open door of the furnace causes the furnace to smoke in the room. The most undesirable are downward smoke flows in the door area. If, at the moment of opening the door, it is not possible to increase the draft in the chimney, then there is a danger of smoke coming out through the door, with all the unpleasant consequences arising from this.

A well-known schematic diagram of a brick household heating furnace with horizontal smoke circuits, which shows the circulation and exhaust streams of flue gases. (Yu.M. Khoshev Country baths and stoves. Design principles - M .: Book and business, 2008, p. 298, Fig. 108). A possible exit of the circulation flow of flue gases into the open door of the furnace causes smoke in the room. The furnace provides for the possible location of the ignition valves (summer chimneys). Gate valves open a direct path to flue gases from the furnace to the chimney, bypassing horizontal chimneys, due to increased traction. Before the kindling of the furnace, the kindling valves are manually extended and open a direct exhaust channel with access to the main chimney. When opening this channel, the trajectory of the flue gas in the furnace changes. This design of the furnace using a valve system eliminates the release of combustion products into the open door.

The disadvantage of this device is that the direct exhaust duct opens with valves. This device does not have an automatic connection between opening the door and adjusting the position of the valves. To adjust the draft requires special knowledge and skills in the maintenance and operation of the furnace. Taking into account the human factor - inattention and forgetfulness, a situation may arise when the valves will not be open on time, even if the person will have certain skills.

Known door for a furnace with an external fuel channel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 110821, IPC F24B 1/192, publication November 27, 2011 consisting of a body including a supporting frame and decorative lining, a door leaf with a translucent screen and mechanisms for vertical movement of the door leaf. The area of the translucent screen is 15-85% of the area of the door leaf.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that when the door is opened vertically, the movement of downward smoke flows in the furnace does not change, and combustion products with high temperature and harmful impurities enter the heated room.

Known door according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2409790, IPC F24B 1/192, publication 01/20/2011. The invention relates to heating furnaces. The door, mainly for domestic stoves, comprises a door mounted rotatably in a frame on which lodges are located to provide rotation. A protective shutter is movably mounted inside the case on the frame, kinematically connected with the door in such a way that when the door is open, the curtain is located vertically or almost vertically, when closed - horizontally or almost horizontally.

The disadvantages of this design is that when you open the door and lower the shutter, essentially, does not change the movement of the circulation flows of flue gases in the furnace and downward smoke flows in the area of the door. Flue gases rush to the door and hit the curtain, which acts as a screen. In this case, flue gases can pass through the slots of the curtain to the door, as well as round the curtain from the bottom. In addition, the declared blind area of up to 0.5 door area will create certain difficulties for loading firewood. The presence of movable kinematic compounds on the frame facing the firebox is undesirable because of the possibility of their temperature deformation.

A device for burning fuel according to the patent EP 0179727 (A1) - 1986-04-30, IPC F24B 13/00. The device is characterized in that the closing and opening of the smoke damper is controlled by a mechanism for automatically controlling the front door. The automatic control mechanism is a “cam” attached to the door, which acts on the piston mounted on the rotary damper. A horizontal valve is installed in the chimney with the possibility of rotation around its axis, the free end of which bends and leads to the level of the door control mechanisms. The aforementioned control mechanisms of this level include a space for the protruding "cam", which, acting on the end of the piston, causes the smoke damper to rotate. The piston supports supporting the shutter are designed so that there is enough space to provide good traction when the shutter is in a horizontal position, which means that the firebox door is closed. As soon as the front door opens and the protruding “cam” of the door and the end of the piston no longer touch, the damper returns to its vertical position under the influence of its own weight. "Fist" has a special shape. It is fixed with the flat side on the door, then bends and forms an angle equal to approximately 30 °. The bent part ends with a beveled edge. The bevel angle is, for example, 45 °.

The disadvantages of this design are the presence of movable joints and automatic control mechanisms in the high temperature zone, which can lead to serious disruptions due to temperature deformations.

The closest known technical solution as a prototype is the patent DE 10 2012 001 123, published July 25, 2013, IPC F24B 13/00, a device for burning fuel with a furnace connected to the blower, a smoke return duct passing into the chimney and a door. The device is equipped with mechanisms for vertical movement of the door leaf. To reduce the risk of flue gas escaping into the living room with the door open, the chimney, in addition to the smoke return duct, has a smoke hole equipped with a closing device. The closing device is made in the form of a smoke damper rotating on an axis, and is mechanically connected to the door. A mechanical element is provided on the door. The closing device, especially the rotary smoke damper, is designed in such a way that when the fireplace door is open, due to its own weight, it is in the open position. With the door closed, the additional cross-section of the additional smoke hole remains closed.

The disadvantages of this design are the presence of movable joints and mechanisms that connect the door to the closing device in the high temperature zone, which can lead to serious disruptions due to temperature deformations.

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate these drawbacks, simplifying the design of the device for burning fuel, which will provide a significant reduction in the flow of combustion products into the heated room when opening the door.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the proposed device for burning fuel, containing a furnace, a return smoke channel, a chimney, a door, a closing device, a smoke hole, which, when opening the door, switches from the working closed position to the open position, according to the utility model, the smoke hole opens the entrance to the direct exhaust channel and is located in front of the furnace at a height that ensures its complete overlap with a closing device, which is a metal plate, Installed at the top of the door horizontally or almost horizontally, while the area of the plate is necessary and sufficient to block the smoke hole.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that the angle of rotation of the door, sufficient to prevent smoke _/ is from 5 ° to 90 °

The problem is also solved due to the fact that the area of the smoke hole is from 0.2 to 3 of the cross-sectional area of the chimney.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that analogues that are characterized by a combination of features identical to all the features of the claimed technical solution are absent, which indicates the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the patentability condition of “novelty”.

In the proposed device, the presence of a closing plate installed in the upper part of the door allows you to block the direct smoke channel with the door closed, change the circulation paths of the flue gases in the furnace and send them to the smoke system. The smoke opening opens a channel connecting the firebox with the chimney directly. When the door is opened, the flue gas draft increases due to the displacement of the plate and the opening of the direct exhaust duct. The wider the firebox door is open, the more the plate moves, the larger the cross section of the smoke hole is open.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a device for burning fuel with an open door;

in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a device for burning fuel with a closed door;

The proposed device for burning fuel 1 contains a door 2 mounted in the housing of the device 1 with the possibility of rotation on the fastening elements 3. In the upper part of the door 2 is horizontally or almost horizontally closed cover plate 4. The area and shape of the plate are selected depending on the area and shape of the smoke hole . The smoke hole 5 opens a direct exhaust channel 6, which directly connects the furnace 1 to the chimney 8. To increase the efficiency of the furnace, a smoke system 7 is organized in the furnace. In the embodiment, the smoke system is horizontally inclined, the cover plate is made with stiffeners (not shown in the drawing )

The proposed device operates as follows.

A portion of fuel is loaded into the furnace through an open door. In the initial phase of combustion, due to the undeveloped combustion process, it occurs with a high excess amount of air. At this stage of combustion, smoke is most likely to escape through door 2. With door 2 open, the cover plate 4 opens the smoke hole 5 and at the same time opens the direct exhaust duct 6. The draft is amplified and the flow of flue gases rushes into the direct exhaust duct 6. Circulation flows existing in the furnace and downward smoke flows in the area of the door 2, which, as a rule, are a source of smoke when the door is opened, rush into the channel 6 through the smoke hole, the main stream of flue gases is discharged into the chimney 8. After ignition, the devices close the door 2. The closing plate 4 closes the smoke hole 5 and closes the direct exhaust channel 6. The main stream of combustion products is sent to the smoke circulation system 7, which is formed to increase the area of the heat-transfer surface and cient use of heat of hot combustion gases. At the moment of additional fuel loading, the door is opened, and the closing plate is displaced, opening a smoke hole. The circulation flows existing in the furnace rush into the channel 6 through the smoke hole 5, and thereby eliminate the emission of smoke through the door.

The applicant tested a full-size sample of the proposed design, which confirmed the correctness of the technical solution for the industrial manufacture of furnaces.

Thus, a technical solution is proposed that will improve the operating conditions of the furnace and prevent the ingress of combustion products into the heated room, since it is impossible to open the door without simultaneously opening the main exhaust channel of the flue gases. This solution has wide consumer demand and industrial applications.

Claims (3)

1. A device for burning fuel, comprising a furnace, a return smoke channel, a chimney, a door, a closing device, a smoke hole, which, in the process of opening the door, switches from the working closed position to the open position, characterized in that the smoke hole opens the entrance to the direct exhaust duct and is located in the front of the furnace at a height that ensures its complete overlap with a closing device, which is a metal plate, rigidly mounted horizontally in the upper part of the door or rakticheski horizontally, the area of the plate is necessary and sufficient to overlap the flue opening. 2. The device for burning fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of rotation of the door, sufficient to prevent smoke, is from 5 ° to 90 °. 3. The device for burning fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the smoke hole is from 0.2 to 3 cross-sectional area of the chimney.

Images