RU140538U1 - MULTILAYER BUILDING BLOCK "EXTROBLOCK" - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A multilayer building block, consisting of a decorative (facade) layer with a depth of A, a bearing layer with a depth of C and a heat-insulating layer between them with a depth of B, fastened together by polymer reinforcing bars, characterized in that the ratio of the thicknesses of the layers is A: B: C = 1: 4: 3, and the insulating layer is made of extruded polystyrene foam. 2. A multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing bars are made with sharp ends for their placement in the decorative layer and with hooks at the ends for their placement in the carrier layer. 3. A multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing bars are provided along the length with transverse disk or cruciform ribs.

Description

The utility model relates to building elements in the form of blocks and can be used in the construction of wall enclosing structures of buildings and structures for various purposes with high requirements for thermal insulation, for example, in the northern regions, or houses of the "passive" type.

Known three-layer building block, comprising a supporting element, an outer (facade) layer and a heat-insulating layer located between them, made of extruded polystyrene foam and having grooves on the opposite surfaces of the slab forming protrusions between them, for locking connection with the bearing element and the outer layer (see patent RU 79118, IPC E04B 1/76, publ. 12/20/2008). This building block is characterized by high heat-shielding characteristics due to the implementation of a heat-insulating layer from a plate of extruded polystyrene foam. At the same time, the manufacture of this plate with the production of dovetail grooves on it requires cutting with a heated wire, or molding by extrusion through a shaped die, or milling the plate with a milling cutter of a certain profile, which significantly complicates the manufacturing technology of the plate, assembly of the block as a whole and leads to greater risks of damage to finished blocks during transportation of the latter.

A multilayer building block is known, characterized by the presence of a decorative layer of thickness A, a bearing layer of thickness C and a heat-insulating layer of expanded polystyrene B between them with a ratio of layer thickness A: B: C = 1: 2,4: 2,6 located between them (see RU patent IPC E04C 1/40, publ. 02.20.2008). The layers are fastened together by polymer reinforcing rods made with a sharp end on the side in contact with the decorative layer, with a hook on the end included in the carrier layer, and partly equipped with disk or cruciform ribs. This building block is taken as the closest analogue of the proposed utility model. It is known as the heat-efficient wall block "Teplosten" (see the Internet resource of the Research Institute "Teplosten" http://www.teplosten.ru/index.php?p=block). This unit has improved thermal characteristics, a high degree of readiness and aesthetic appeal. The presence of a heat-insulating layer made of polystyrene foam and having a thickness commensurate with the thickness of the carrier layer made of concrete mixture sets the building block with high heat efficiency properties. However, this well-known building block does not exhaust the resource of increasing heat-shielding properties both structurally and according to the materials used.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to create a multilayer building block that does not have the disadvantages of similar solutions.

The technical result achieved by using the utility model is to increase the heat efficiency of the building block.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a multilayer building block, consisting of a decorative (facade) layer with a depth (thickness) A, a bearing layer with a depth (thickness) C and a heat-insulating layer between them with a depth (thickness) B, bonded to each other with polymer reinforcing rods, which are placed at their ends, respectively, in the decorative layer and in the carrier layer, as proposed, the ratio of the thickness of the layers is A: B: C = 1: 4: 3, and the heat-insulating layer is made of extruded polystyrene foam. Reinforcing bars are made with sharp ends for placement in the decorative layer, with hooks at the ends for placement in the carrier layer and provided with transverse ribs.

The relative increase in the thickness of the insulating layer provides an increase in the heat-shielding properties of the block. Moreover, the implementation of the block layers with the specified ratio of their thicknesses preserves the functional purpose of the remaining layers, namely, the decorative (facade) layer allows you to decorate the outer cladding of buildings; the supporting layer provides strength and bearing characteristics of the block.

The use of extruded polystyrene foam as the material of the heat-insulating layer provides a value of heat transfer resistance of building envelopes that exceeds this indicator of the known applied building blocks, as well as indicators provided by SNiPs and GOSTs. So, the heat transfer resistance index (Ro) for maintaining the optimum temperature in the house at + 21 ° C, determined in SanPin for residential buildings in Tyumen, is 3.61; the multilayer heat-saving block "Teplosten" has an indicator of Ro = 5.22-5.44. For the proposed block (“Extrablock”), this indicator is 7.2–7.9, which, as you can see, is 1.5 times higher than the indicator of the closest analogue - the Teplosten block.

In addition to high heat efficiency, extruded polystyrene foam has high strength, which allows it to be used as a building material, even performing the functions of auxiliary or supporting structures. The extra-block has a high rigidity in terms of the tipping parameter. In terms of low specific gravity (lightness), extruded polystyrene foam is slightly superior to conventional low-density polystyrene foam (40 kg / m3), which works to reduce the weight of the finished block, even if the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is increased, as the utility model suggests.

Thus, the optimization of the ratio of the thicknesses of all three layers of the proposed building block in conjunction with the use for resistance to heat loss of extruded polystyrene foam provides the specified technical result. This makes it possible, in particular, to build a “passive” or autonomous house using only solar collectors for heating and hot water supply as heating systems in the framework of small amounts for the implementation of such projects.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which: FIG. 1 - three-layer building block in an axonometric image; in FIG. 2 - three-layer building block, a longitudinal section.

The building block "Extroblock" contains (Fig. 1) three layers: a decorative layer 1 (front part), a heat-insulating layer 2 and a carrier layer 3. In the cavity of the building block there are reinforcing bars 4 (Fig. 2), the sharp ends of which are in contact with the decorative layer 1, and the ends made with hooks, with the carrier layer 3.

The finished block can have overall dimensions equal to a depth of 400 mm, a width of 398 mm and a height of 196 mm with permissible linear deviations within +/- (2-5) mm. The front part 1 is made with a depth A equal to 50 mm, with a different texture (under the "Balkan stone", "flat", "Samara stone", etc.) or without texture (with a smooth surface) for decorative plaster, clinker brick, facing brick . The thermal insulation layer 2 has a depth B of 200 mm and is made of extruded polystyrene foam, for example, manufacturers such as Penex, TechnoNIKOL, carbon series, Extrol, etc. 35th density and above. The bearing part 3 has a depth of 150 mm and is made of expanded clay concrete of the 200th grade of strength, for reliable support of a reinforced concrete floor slab on it. Reinforcing rods 4 part are made with disk or cruciform ribs having an outer diameter of 5 mm, fiberglass can be used as material.

The proposed "Extroblock" is made as follows:

A mixture is poured into the formwork to obtain a decorative facade layer 1. On top of layer 1, lay a plate of heat-insulating layer 2, prefabricated with the required dimensions, and pierce it with reinforcing rods 4 until the sharp ends are immersed deep into the decorative facade layer 1. The rods 4 can be placed vertically or at an angle relative to each other. The concrete mixture of the carrier layer 3 is poured over the layer 2 and the ends of the rods 4. The layer 3 is necessarily vibrated, and after alignment of the geometry, everything together (the finished block is poured into a mold) is placed in a heat chamber for drying. After solidification (setting) of the mixtures, the structure of the multifunctional three-layer building block with enhanced thermal insulation properties is formed.

Claims (3)

1. A multilayer building block, consisting of a decorative (facade) layer with a depth of A, a bearing layer with a depth of C and a heat-insulating layer between them with a depth of B, fastened together by polymer reinforcing bars, characterized in that the ratio of the thicknesses of the layers is A: B: C = 1: 4: 3, and the insulating layer is made of extruded polystyrene foam. 2. A multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing bars are made with sharp ends for their placement in the decorative layer and with hooks at the ends for their placement in the carrier layer. 3. A multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing bars are provided along the length with transverse disk or cruciform ribs.

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