RU136977U1 - INSTALLATION FOR SEPARATION OF THE TERRITORY OF OIL SEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: processing of agricultural products, namely seeds in the oil and fat industry. The installation includes an aspiration device, a pneumatic channel and a sedimentation chamber. The aspiration device contains a cylindrical body, devices for feeding the russel and the output of heavy and light fractions, a dispenser with an orientator, bulk elements with ribs between them and a coaxial duct resting on a perforated surface. The pneumatic channel includes an air duct with an air flow rate regulator. The sedimentation chamber contains a perforated drum mounted vertically rotatably, feed channels for the initial product and channels for removing loose husk with cleaners. The aspiration system is made of two autonomous circuits. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of separation of the core from the free husk, reducing the huskiness of the core and reducing the oil content of the outgoing husk.

Description

The utility model relates to machines for the processing of russanks of oilseeds in the oil and fat industry.

Known seed-machine for separating the russanks of oilseeds, consisting of sifting with a receiver, sieve part, bottoms and a multi-channel suction chamber equipped with a fan (fans) and devices for product release [Guide to the technology for the production and processing of vegetable oils and fats. T1, book 1, L., 1975, p. 292-295].

The principle of operation of the seed-growing machine is based on preliminary dividing the russel according to linear dimensions on sorting sieves, followed by processing of each section with an air stream.

The disadvantages of this device are: low productivity, due to the quantitative content of free husk in the russel, having a high degree of friction, manifested by the slowed-down speed of the passage particles through the rushank layer on the sieving screens; - intensive oiling of husks in the process of sifting sackcloth on sifting sieves; - lack of clarity of the boundaries of the separated fractions of the husk and core; - the lack of adjustment of the layer thickness of large fractions from overloading the first two channels of the suction chamber, which leads to an increased content of free husk in the core; - the accepted direction of movement of the working air flow in the channels of the suction chamber contributes to the active ablation of the core with the outgoing husk; - the consistent use of the same air flow to separate the two extreme fractions on the shelves of the suction chamber and to maximize dispersion of the aggregate of particles in the sedimentary part of the channel depending on their linear dimensions, causes instability and difficult regulation of the otveiva process.

All this reduces the efficiency of the seed-seed machine and does not ensure the clarity of the boundaries of the separated fractions.

Known seminal machine for separating the russanks of oilseeds [USSR author's certificate No. 441981, class. B07B 9/00, 1972], the work of which is based on the preliminary isolation of light fractions from husks (husk, small section, oil dust) from the russel.

The machine includes an aspiration device containing a housing with a feeder and a distributor of the flow of the russula, a leveling grill and shutters, slopes for pouring the russula, an inclined pneumatic channel, a precipitation chamber, nozzles for outputting the separated fractions connected with cyclones and a fan into a single closed air system. Under the suction device is screening and multi-channel wake.

Sieving has a receiver with two entrances for fractions, a core, a nedorush and a husk, a small section. A baffle is installed under the receiver, which divides the sieve part of the sieve along the body into two sections for independent processing of various fractions.

The main disadvantages are: low productivity; significant loss of oil with husk; the lack of a layer thickness regulator at the entrance to the channels of the suction chamber of large fractions; an aspiration device for preliminary isolation of light fractions from the original rusheka contains similar disadvantages of the aspiration chamber of the seed seed.

A known installation for separation of the russula, adopted as a prototype, consisting of an aspiration device, a pneumatic channel, a sediment chamber and a device for cleaning heavy fractions [RF Patent No. 20111438, 1994]. The aspiration device is made in the form of a cylindrical body with devices for supplying the source material and outputting heavy and light fractions. The air flow is created by the coaxial duct system located in it, resting on a perforated surface. In the upper part of the air ducts there are discharge elements from installed cascade ducts with working surfaces in the form of truncated cones located with large bases downward, while the upper and lower surfaces of the ducts are made in the form of truncated cones located with smaller bases downward. Ribs are tangentially attached to the ducts between the ducts. The devices for outputting the heavy fraction are made in the form of a cylindrical receiver located with a gap to the distributor housing. The sedimentation chamber is made with a horizontal perforated drum mounted for rotation, while the inner cavity of the drum is divided into working and non-working zones by two horizontal partitions symmetrically located relative to the axis of rotation. The aspiration system is made of two autonomous circuits, one of which is connected with an aspiration device, the second is connected with a pneumatic channel and a sedimentation chamber. The device for supplying the source material to the suction device is made telescopically.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are: the lack of directional distribution of the products of crumbling over the areas of the bulk elements from one to another with an increase in their diameters (swelling by flows), which makes it difficult to obtain a uniform layer of the processed product on the surface of each of the cascade cones, affecting the quality of separation of the russula; the possibility of accumulation of emitted oil dust and the difficulty of its removal due to the horizontal location of the perforated drum and the passage of air flow through the inner surface of the latter; lack of cleaning of the sieve surface and, as a result, a decrease in its working area during operation; insufficient use of the surface of the perforated drum, leading to a decrease in productivity and separation quality of the supplied product.

The objective of the utility model is to develop an installation for processing the russel of oilseeds with its separation into fractions.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of separation of the core from the free husk, reducing the huskiness of the core and reducing the oil content of the outgoing husk.

The technical result is achieved by the proposed installation for separating the russel of oilseeds, including an aspiration device, a pneumatic channel and a sedimentary chamber.

The aspiration device contains a cylindrical body with a telescopic device for feeding the russula and the output of heavy and light fractions, a coaxial duct located in it, resting on a perforated surface. The distributor is equipped with an orientator made in the form of a circular cone and mounted for rotation, containing grooves on the surface in the form of helical lines. Pouring elements are made in the form of cascade-mounted boxes with working surfaces in the form of truncated cones located with large bases down. The lower surfaces of the boxes in the form of truncated cones are located with smaller bases down. Between the ducts, tangentially to the ducts, ribs are fixed. A device for outputting a heavy fraction in the form of a cylindrical receiver is located with a gap to the housing of the suction device.

The pneumatic channel includes an air duct with an air flow rate regulator.

The sedimentation chamber contains a perforated drum mounted vertically with the possibility of rotation, feed channels for the initial product and removal of free husk with cleaners.

The execution of the distributor orientator in the form of a circular cone rotating with a certain angular velocity around the axis of the cone with grooves on the surface allows the particles of rushanka moving along its generatrix from the top to the base to acquire absolute acceleration lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the distributor, directed towards its rotation . Further movement of the particles of the russula along the surface of the conical distributor has a direction different from its generatrix, contributing to the distribution of the layer of the russula, eliminating "flowing away", increasing the efficiency of separation of the core from the free husk. The use of a perforated drum rotating around its axis in a sedimentation chamber arranged vertically, equipped with channels for supplying the initial product and removing free husk with cleaners, reduces the oil content of the exhaust husk by increasing (up to 75%) the working surface of the drum separation; the arrangement of channels in pairs is diametrically opposite; cleaners that update the working surface of the drum; exceptions of "occurrence" of oil dust inside the latter.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device; in FIG. 2 - callout A in FIG. one; in FIG. 3-section BB in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a section bb in FIG. one.

The apparatus for separating the russanks of oilseeds includes an aspiration device I, a pneumatic channel II, and a sedimentation chamber III.

The suction device I consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1, overflow elements 2 made in the form of truncated-conical hollow boxes, a nozzle 3 of a feeder, a cone distributor 4, air guide strips 5, a cylindrical receiver 6, a conical partition 7 mounted parallel to the conical bottom 8, coaxial duct 9 located in the center of the housing. The upper ends of the ducts 9 are cascaded with boxes of bulk elements 2 and tangentially mounted ribs, the lower ends abut the perforated surface 10, designed to equalize the air flow. The orientator 11 of the distributor 4, made in the form of a circular cone with grooves 12 on the surface, is mounted to rotate with the aid of an impeller 13 above the distributor 4, bulk elements 2 and ensures uniform distribution of material on the surface of the latter. Pipes 20, 22, 23, 25 are intended, respectively, for the removal of oil dust in the cyclone 30, the sound fraction for control, the husk fraction in the pneumatic channel II, air supply.

Pneumatic channel II consists of a rectangular duct 15, an air flow rate regulator 14, and an air supply pipe 24.

Sediment chamber III consists of a vertical perforated drum 16 mounted rotatably in the housing, with the formation of supply channels for the original product 17 and channels for removing loose husks 18, while the latter have cleaners 19 in contact with the surface of the perforated drum 16. The pipe 21 is designed for oil dust extraction into cyclone 31.

The lock gates 32, 33 are designed, respectively, for the removal of loose husks from sedimentary chamber III and fallen core particles in the pneumatic channel II.

The nozzles 20, 21 for the extraction of oil dust are connected, respectively, with cyclones 30, 31, shutters 28, 29 and fans 26, 27 in a single closed system with nozzles 25, 24 of the air supply.

Installation works as follows.

A russet of oilseeds is fed in a continuous stream through the nozzle 3 to the orientator 11, which, rotating under the action of the air flow on the impeller 13, gives the particles of the russula an acceleration in the horizontal plane, as a result of which the speed of the particles acquires direction at an angle to the generatrix of the cone when moving to the distributor 4, from where, by gravity, with a given direction, it is distributed around the entire perimeter of the concentric shelf of the upper overburden element 2, and the russel is stratified by the weight of its particles. Relatively heavy particles sink down the layer, light particles "float" up. When pouring the exfoliated russels from the shelf onto the shelf of the cascade of the transfer elements 2 along an organized path, it is simultaneously blown through by the air flow. A loose husk is thrown tangentially to the inner surface of the cylindrical body 1 by air flow, is gravity-discharged through pipe 23 to pneumatic channel II and is exposed to an air flow directed oppositely to the action of gravitational forces, where relatively heavy particles that accidentally get separated and are discharged through the lock gate 33, and the main mass husk fraction, carried away by the air flow, the speed of which depends on the position of the regulator 14 in the duct 15, is fed to the perforated the second rotating drum 16, where particles incommensurable with the holes of the drum (husk) are pressed by the air flow to the working surface of the drum in the feed channels of the original product 17, while passing the air flow and moving with it into the channels of the free husk 18, where under the action forces of inertia and cleaners release the surface of the drum, then are removed by free fall through the lock gate 32. Particles commensurate with the size of the holes of the drum (oil dust) pass along with the air stream through the latter and Erez pipe 21 fed to cyclone 31 where precipitated. The purified air through the valve 29 by the fan 27 is again supplied to the pneumatic channel through the pipe 24.

Oil dust from the suction device I through the pipe 20 enters the cyclone 30, is deposited, then combined with oil dust from the cyclone 31 and is fed into the sound fraction. The purified air through the valve 28 by the fan 26 is sent to the pipe 25.

The heavy fraction of the russula (core) is removed from the suction device I through the pipe 22 and is subjected to a control treatment identical to the husk fraction described above (or on a grain separator).

The proposed set of features allows you to: increase the efficiency of separation of the core from the free husk by organizing the directional movement of the russel, eliminating "swelling by flows" and reduce the huskiness of the kernel while reducing the oil content of the outgoing husk by increasing the utilization of the perforated surface, cleaning it and eliminating the "occurrence" of oilseed dust.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for separating the russanks of oilseeds, including an aspiration device in the form of a cylindrical body with a distributor, a telescopic device for feeding the russanki and withdrawing heavy and light fractions, a coaxial duct located in it, resting on a perforated surface, and bulk elements from cascade boxes with workers surfaces in the form of truncated cones located with large bases down, the lower surfaces of the baskets in the form of truncated cones located with lower bases, tangentially to the ducts of the fixed ribs between the ducts, devices for outputting a heavy fraction in the form of a cylindrical receiver located with a gap to the body of the suction device, a pneumatic channel including an air duct with an air flow speed controller, a sedimentation chamber with a perforated drum mounted for rotation and an aspiration system made of two autonomous circuits, one of which is connected with an aspiration device, the other with a pneumatic channel and a wasp a bottom chamber, characterized in that the suction device further comprises an orientator made in the form of a circular cone with grooves on the surface and mounted to rotate above the distributor, the perforated drum is made upright and installed in the sediment chamber with the formation of feed channels for the initial product and channels for free husk removal in which cleaners are mounted, installed with the possibility of contacting the surface of the perforated drum. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of the orientator of the distributor are made in the form of helical lines.

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