RU125589U1 - EARTHFORRING SOIL DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to mining, hydromechanization, extraction of sapropel, clay, development of silty soils, peat. The technical result is an increase in the average operational productivity of the dredger on the ground. The dredger suction device includes a suction pipe with a tip pivotally mounted on the dredger body, and a screw feeder. The screw feeder consists of a tray with screws installed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the suction pipe. The number of screws in the screw feeder is at least two. 22 s.p. f-ly, 18 ill.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to hydromechanization and is intended for the development of sapropel, peat, clay and sandy-silty soils.

A suction device for a dredging projectile is known, including an axial screw pump, the screw of which is cylindrical, a baking powder installed with it on the same shaft, made in the form of a conical screw expanding to the bottom, and a conical suction tip (USSR author's certificate No. 1609888, class E02F 3/88 , 12.01.89 and USSR copyright certificate No. 1744207, class E02F 3/88, 16.01.90). The known soil sampling device provides the intake of bottom sapropel of natural moisture without additional dilution with water, which is its most important positive quality. A disadvantage of the known device is the narrow front of the developed soil, equal to the diameter of the suction tip. This increases the number of idle runs of the dredger with the trench method of developing the sapropel deposit and reduces its utilization in time, which reduces the average operational productivity of the dredger on the ground.

A suction dredger device for developing silty soils is known, comprising a pipe with a tip, a casing attached to it perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis and a drive shaft mounted with ends in the casing with circular knives mounted on it parallel to each other, screw extenders mounted on both ends of the drive shaft on both the sides of the circular knives, a reflector screen rigidly mounted on the casing on the outside of the tip (RF patent No. 2001999, class E02F 3/88, 02.10.91). The known device increases the width of the front of the developed soil in comparison with the above structures due to the use of screw expanders. The disadvantage of this device is its excessive complexity and low front height of the developed soil, not exceeding the diameter of the screw when developing silty soils with high viscosity. This increases the number of idling during the trench development of a sapropel deposit and reduces the utilization rate of the dredger in time. Also, in the development of silty soils with high viscosity, the screws stick to the soil, and the soil sampling process stops. Similarly, work on soils with vegetation is not possible, since vegetation is wound on screws and clogs them. This all leads to a decrease in the average operational productivity of the dredger on the ground.

It is known and accepted as a prototype the dredging device of the dredger, including a suction pipe with a tip, pivotally mounted on the hull (see Krakovsky I.I. Vessels of the technical fleet. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1968. Figure 8 on page 18). The device is structurally simpler than the above analogues. A disadvantage of the known soil sampling device is the low productivity in the development of visco-plastic soils and the small cross-sectional area of the soil developed in the trench, which increases the number of idle runs in the trench development of the soil deposits and reduces the time utilization rate. And this leads to a decrease in the average operational productivity of the dredger.

The task being solved by the proposed utility model is to increase the average operational productivity of the dredger on the ground.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the inventive device is to improve the collection of viscoplastic soil by cutting it from the array and transporting it to the suction zone and increasing the cross-sectional area of the soil developed in the trench in order to reduce the number of idle passages of the dredger and increase its utilization rate in time.

To solve the problem with the achievement of the specified technical result, the known dredging device of the dredger, including a suction pipe with a tip, according to the proposed solution is equipped with a screw feeder, including a tray with at least two screws, mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.

Additional embodiments of the inventive device are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- each screw was made with the opposite cutting at the ends;

- the screws were installed with mutual engagement of the cuts at their ends;

- the screws were equipped with cutting elements mounted on the cutting ridges;

- the screws were equipped with cutting elements mounted on their hubs in front of the suction mouth of the tip;

- the auger cuts at the respective ends were made in one direction, and the augers had one-sided rotation;

- the cuts of the screws at the respective ends were made in the opposite direction, and the screws had the opposite rotation;

- the tray was equipped with radial cutting elements included in the cutouts on the screw cutting ridges;

- the edges of the tray were equipped with axial cutting elements;

- the tray was mounted on the pipe articulated using a pantograph;

- the screws were equipped with radial cutting elements mated with the corresponding cutouts on the crests of the cutting of the opposite screws;

- the screws were made in the form of milling rotors;

- the tray was equipped with support rollers;

- the tray was equipped with support plates;

- the tray was equipped with support rollers;

- the tray was equipped with nozzles for erosion of the soil;

- an axial pump was installed inside the suction pipe;

- the tip was made conical with a soil auger located inside it;

- the suction mouth of the tip was made in the form of a gap installed by the larger axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the screws;

- the knives of the milling rotors were equipped with interchangeable teeth;

- The supporting rollers were equipped with lugs;

- nozzles were installed at the edges of the tray;

- nozzles were installed on the bottom edge of the tray.

The indicated advantages, as well as the features of the proposed utility model, are illustrated by the variants of its implementation with reference to the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a side view of a soil intake device (option 1); figure 2 is a side view of the soil intake device (option 2); figure 3 is a side view of the soil intake device (option 3); figure 4 is a section aa (option 1) in figure 1; figure 5 is a section aa (option 2) in figure 1; figure 6 - view B (option 1) in figure 1; Fig.7 is a view of B (option 2) in Fig.1; in Fig.8 is a view of B (option 3) in Fig.1; figure 9 is a view of B (option 4) in figure 1; figure 10 is a view of B (option 5) in figure 1; figure 11 is a view of B (option 6) in figure 1; in Fig.12 - view B (option 7) in Fig.1; in Fig.13 is a view In (option 1) in Fig.2; on Fig - view In (option 2) in figure 2; in Fig.15 - node G (option 1) in Fig.1; in Fig.16 - node G (option 2) in Fig.1; in Fig.17 - node G (option 3) in Fig.1; in Fig.18 - node G (option 4) in Fig.1.

The suction device of the dredger includes a suction pipe 1 with a tip 2, a screw feeder, including a tray 3 with screws 4, mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Each screw 4 is made with the opposite thread 5 and 6 at the ends. The screws can be installed with mutual engagement of the cuts 5 and 6 (Fig.7, 8, 11, 13, 14). The screws 4 can be equipped with cutting elements 7 mounted on the crests of the cut 5 and 6 (Fig.9). The screws 4 can be equipped with cutting elements 8 mounted on the hubs of the screws in front of the suction pharynx of the tip 2 (figure 5). When the cuts of the screws 5 and 6 at the respective ends are made in the same direction, then their rotation in one direction is provided by a chain gear 9 (Fig.6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 13). When the cuts of the screws 5 and 6 at the respective ends are made in the opposite direction, then their opposite rotation is provided by the gear transmission 10 (Fig. 8, 14). The tray 3 can be equipped with radial cutting elements 11 included in the cutouts 12 on the crests of the cutting 5 and 6 of the screws 2 (figure 10). The edges of the tray 3 can be equipped with axial cutting elements 13 (Fig.1, 15, 16, 17). The tray 3 can be mounted on the pipe 2 articulated using a pantograph 14 (figure 3). The screws 4 can be equipped with radial cutting elements 15, conjugated with cutouts 16 on the crests of the cuts 5 and 6 (Fig.11). Screws 4 can be made in the form of milling rotors 17 (Fig.12). The tray 3 may be provided with support rollers 18 (Fig. 15) or support plates 19 (Fig. 16). The tray 3 can be equipped with supporting-pulling rollers 20, which are driven into rotation by the drive 21 through the transmission 22 (Fig.17). The rollers 20 can be equipped with lugs 23 (figure 1). The tray 3 may be provided with nozzles 24 for erosion of the soil (Fig.5, 18). Nozzles can be installed along the lower edge of the tray 3 on the collector 25, to which water is supplied to the erosion through the pipe 26 (Fig. 18), as well as along the edges of the tray (Fig. 5). An axial pump 27 can be installed inside the suction pipe 2 (Fig. 5). The tip 2 can be made conical with a soil auger 28 located inside it (Fig. 5). The suction pharynx of the tip 2 can be made in the form of a slit 29 installed by a larger axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the screws (Fig. 12). The knives of the milling rotors 17 can be equipped with interchangeable teeth 30 (Fig.12). The screws 4 can be driven into rotation by a drive 31, which can be installed on the tray 3. The suction pipe 1 can be connected to the casing soil pipe 32 by a flexible connection 33. The pipe 1 can be lowered into the working position by the device 34. The casing soil pipe 32 can be connected to the casing soil pump 35 dynamic or volumetric type or with an air pump.

Dredging device dredger works as follows. When moving the dredger forward (shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 by an arrow), the soil pick-up device also moves with it. The drive 31 is turned on, which, for example, through a chain gear, drives the upper screw 4, and through a chain gear 9 or gearing 10, the lower screw. When the screws 4 rotate and are simultaneously moved forward with the dredger, the soil is continuously cut off from the array in front of the screws, and the soil enters the inter-turn space of the screw cutting. By cutting the screws 4, the soil moves along the tray 3 to the suction pharynx of the tip 2. From the tip 2, the soil enters the suction soil pipe 1, then through the connection 33 and the case soil pipe 32 to the pump 35. With the pump 35, the soil is transported to the storage location. Changing the position of the soil sampling device along the height of the soil deposit layer during the soil sampling process is carried out by the device 34. The presence of two or more screws 4 increases the height along which the soil is cut from the array and, therefore, the soil sampling area for one pass of the dredger forward. This reduces the number of idling and increases the average operational productivity of the dredger.

Due to the opposite cutting 5 and 6 at the ends of each screw 4, soil is cut off from the array when the screw rotates from its ends to the center, which makes it possible to increase the width along which soil is cut from the array and reduce the number of idle strokes, i.e. increase the utilization rate dredger in time. In addition, this reduces the distance of transportation of soil from the place of separation from the array to the suction pharynx of tip 2 and, consequently, its loss due to ablation, which helps to increase the technical productivity of the dredger.

During the development of sticky soils, sticking of the soil may occur in the inter-turn space of the auger cutting 4, which reduces or even eliminates the movement of the cut soil to the suction pharynx of the tip 2. When developing soils overgrown with vegetation (especially peat), stems can be wound on the screw sleeve 4, which reduces inter-turn space of cutting. This also reduces or even eliminates the movement of the cut soil to the suction pharynx of the tip 2. To exclude these phenomena, the screws 4 are installed with mutual engagement of the cuts 5 and 6 (Figs. 7, 8, 11, 13, 14). In this case, the cutting of the screws mutually clean the surfaces of the bushings of the adjacent screws.

This reduces the time it takes to clean the dredging device and increases the utilization rate of the dredger in time.

When developing contaminated soils, the screws 4 are supplied with cutting elements 7 (Fig. 9) mounted on the cutting of screws 5 and 6. At the same time, cutting elements are installed on the bushings of the opposite screws, which together with elements 7 act as guillotines, chopping the roots that fell into the screws or wood. This reduces the time for cleaning the soil-collecting device and increases the coefficient of its use in time. For the same purpose, cutting elements 8 installed in front of the suction pharynx of tip 2 (FIG. 5) and radial cutting elements 11 mounted on the tray 3 and included in the cutouts 12 for cutting the screws 4 (FIG. 10) can be used.

Slicing 5 and 6 of the adjacent screws 4 can be performed in the same direction (Fig.6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) when developing viscous-plastic soils of high viscosity or peat. In this case, the grinding of the soil occurs with the mutually moving cutting surfaces of 5, 6 adjacent screws, which ensures its grinding and mixing and more uniform entry into tip 2 and increases the productivity of the dredger.

Slicing 5 and 6 of adjacent screws 4 can be performed in the opposite direction (Fig, 14) when developing viscous-plastic soils of high fluidity. In this case, the spraying of the soil when it enters the tray 3 is reduced and its ablation from the suction zone is reduced, which increases the productivity of the dredger.

When developing viscous-plastic soils of high viscosity or peat, the edges of the tray 3 can be equipped with axial cutting elements 13 (Fig. 1, 15, 16, 17). The cutting elements 13 cut the developed layer of soil and reduce the load when moving the dredger towards the bottom, which increases the speed of development and productivity of the dredger.

When developing viscous-plastic soils of high fluidity, the tray 3 can be equipped with nozzles 24 for erosion of the soil. Nozzles 24 can be installed on the lower edge of the tray 3 (Fig. 18) or on the side edges (Fig. 5). The jets of water flowing from the nozzles 24, cut into the soil, separating the soil from the array. Separated from the array, the soil is taken by screws 4 and fed to the tip 2. Due to the action of water jets on the soil, it receives an additional flow towards the tray 3, which increases the productivity of the dredger.

When developing high viscosity soils with a developed root system of vegetation or peat, the screws can be made in the form of milling rotors 17 (Fig. 12). Milling rotors 17 are made in the form of a tape spiral cutter, which effectively cuts soil shavings from the array and moves them towards the tip 2. The mill easily copes with the root system or interweaving of vegetation in peat. This increases the productivity of the dredger. The cutter knives can be equipped with interchangeable teeth 30 (Fig. 12), which significantly increases the efficiency of cutting soils with developed vegetation and increases the productivity of the dredger.

With an increase in the angle of inclination of the pipe 1 to the horizon during the underwater soil sampling, the height of the projection of the tray 3 onto the chest of the face decreases, which reduces the cross-sectional area of the developed soil and increases the number of idle moves of the dredger. To maintain a constant value of the height of the projection of the tray 3 on the chest of the face and reduce the number of idle strokes, it is necessary to keep the tray always vertically, regardless of the angle of inclination of the pipe 1. This is achieved by installing the tray 3 articulated on the pipe 1 and using a pantograph 14 (Fig. 3).

When developing a layer of viscoplastic soil or peat to exclude the occurrence of sandy or other non-marketable soil underlying this layer in the soil sampling device, tray 3 can rest on the roller 18 (Fig. 15). The skating rink 18 eliminates the burying of the soil intake device in the underlying non-productive soils, which increases the productivity of the dredger on ready-made soil. For the same purpose, a support plate 19 can be used (FIG. 16) when the underlying soils have a low holding capacity.

Tray 3 can be equipped with support and pulling rollers 20 (Fig. 17), which not only precludes burying the soil intake device in the underlying non-productive soils, but also pulls the soil intake device forward to the soil mass using drive 21 and transmission 22, providing continuous soil intake, which increases the productivity of the dredger. To increase the pulling force, the rollers 20 can be equipped with lugs 23. The lugs 23 are embedded in the soil and do not allow the rollers 20 to slip on the surface of the underlying soil.

When developing viscous-plastic soils of high viscosity, an axial pump 27 can be installed in the pipe 1 (Fig. 5), for example, a screw pump, which transports natural moisture soil, for example, sapropel, to a volumetric pump 35. In this case, soil is sampled without diluting it water, which increases the productivity of the dredger on the ground. To feed the soil onto the blades of the screw pump, the tip 2 can be made conical, and inside it the soil auger 28 is installed. The screw 28 captures the soil supplied by the screws 4 and feeds it to the screw pump 27. Due to the forced supply of soil to the tip 2 and to the pump 27 provides the development of soil of natural humidity without additional dilution with water, which increases the productivity of the dredger on the ground.

When developing clay and peat, the soil cut off from the massif is mixed with screws 4 with water and fed through tray 3 to tip 2 in the form of a water-soil mixture, from where it is sucked into the suction pipe 1. To create conditions for supplying soil to the tip 2 along the entire height of the tray 3, the suction The mouth of the tip 2 can be made in the form of a slit 29 (Fig. 12), installed by a larger axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the screws 4 or milling rotors 17. In this case, the soil is taken along the entire height of the tray 3, which reduces soil entrainment and increases zvoditelnost dredger.

Claims (23)

1. Dredger suction device, including a suction pipe with a tip, characterized in that it is equipped with a screw feeder, including a tray with at least two screws, mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. 2. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that each screw is made with the opposite cutting at the ends. 3. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws are installed with mutual engagement of the cuts at their ends. 4. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws are equipped with cutting elements mounted on the screw cutting ridges. 5. Soil intake device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws are equipped with cutting elements mounted on their hubs in front of the suction mouth of the tip. 6. The pick-up device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw cuts at the respective ends are made in one direction, while the screws have one-sided rotation. 7. The pick-up device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw cuts at the respective ends are made in the opposite direction, while the screws have opposite rotation. 8. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is equipped with radial cutting elements included in the cutouts on the screw cutting ridges. 9. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the edges of the tray are equipped with axial cutting elements. 10. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is mounted on the pipe articulated using a pantograph. 11. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws are provided with radial cutting elements, paired with corresponding cutouts on the cutting ridges of the opposite screws. 12. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws are made in the form of milling rotors. 13. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is equipped with support rollers. 14. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is equipped with support plates. 15. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is equipped with support and pulling rollers. 16. Soil intake device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tray is equipped with nozzles for erosion of the soil. 17. Dredging device according to claim 1, characterized in that an axial pump is installed inside the suction pipe. 18. The pick-up device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip is made conical with a pick-up screw located inside it. 19. The pick-up device according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction pharynx of the tip is made in the form of a slit installed by a larger axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the screws. 20. Dredging device according to item 12, characterized in that the knives of the milling rotors are equipped with interchangeable teeth. 21. Dredging device according to claim 15, characterized in that the supporting rollers are equipped with lugs. 22. Dredging device according to clause 16, characterized in that the nozzle is installed at the edges of the tray. 23. Dredging device according to clause 16, wherein the nozzles are installed on the lower edge of the tray.

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