RU10847U1 - FURNACE HOUSEHOLD HEATING AND COOKING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A domestic heating and cooking stove containing a base, a housing with a lower heating chamber, a firebox with a boiler for water heating integrated in it, an ash pan chamber separated from the firebox by a grate, an upper heating chamber with a roof and chimney channels connected to a vertical exhaust channel in a chimney with a valve, characterized in that it is equipped with a supporting box frame with intermediate transverse load-bearing sheets, hearth and subpod, installed from each other with formed using a horizontal passage channel at a distance equal to the thickness of the brick, the sub-water channel is flush with the upper end of the firebox, and the exhaust holes are made in the bearing sheets: one under each of the upper heating chamber and at least two under the chimney in the hearth the distance from each other, chosen equal to the height of the last mentioned chamber from the hearth sheet to the arch. 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that on the bottom sheet there is a flooring made of one row of brickwork having outlet openings located above similar openings in the sheet, forming together with a horizontal passage channel between the sheets an S-shaped chimney connecting channel with a vertical channel in pipe. 3. The furnace according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lower chamber is made isolated from the chimney channels by a sub-sub sheet and is provided with an additional water-heating capacity. The furnace according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the boiler is installed in the firebox with an offset to its rear wall behind the combustion chamber. 5. The furnace according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper heating chamber is divided

Description

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You propose a utility model that relates to the field of public utilities, namely, to domestic stoves and can be used as a heating and cooking stove in housing for the arrangement of individual houses and cottages, as well as cottage and garden houses.

Famous heating and cooking stoves, Russians, of various designs, kitchen centers with a heating shield, Swedes of various kinds, Russian stoves and Swedes with a water boiler for local water heating. / 1,2 /.

A household brick masonry consists of a base (foundation), a housing and a chimney. The base is the support of the furnace body and chimney. The housing includes a firebox, which is the main part of the furnace, in which the process of burning fuel with subsequent transfer of heat to the entire array of the furnace, and a chimney in the form of single or multi-turn channels located in the array of the housing and used to transfer heat to the inner walls of the furnace and remove flue gases through chimney into the atmosphere. For greater heat transfer of the furnaces, their special designs with lower and upper heating chambers, with reinforced lower heating, have been developed, having the design of channels providing free movement of gases in them based on the law of natural convection.

Treatments with such chimney systems are fuel-efficient and have high efficiency; therefore, they are widely used in rural areas. However, such furnaces require two-time maintenance during the day and material-intensive during manufacture.

IPC F 24D 5/00

Due to the fact that currently both in rural areas and in cities, individual houses are being built with large rooms and two or more heating stoves would have to be placed in them with autonomous stove heating, the fuel consumption with this heating method is significant. In order to save fuel, heating and cooking stoves with lower heating with special hot-water boilers for water heating mounted in the firebox of the stove /I, page 150/ have been developed. Such stoves are laid out in different sizes, used for water heating of residential and small public buildings. The furnace includes a foundation, a casing with upper and lower heating chambers, a firebox, in which a water boiler is mounted, and a chimney with a valve. The furnace has a cooking chamber formed above the firebox and separated from it by a cast-iron stove in the sixth, and from the space of the heated room with a door, mounted on the facade of the furnace. The design of the furnace uses steel sheets to block the chimney channels of the mouth of the furnace and steel corners to strengthen the cooking chamber. The oven provides high heat transfer, maintaining the required temperature in the room with insignificant fluctuations between the fireboxes (and - 5 ° G), it is possible to bake bakery products, and to cook a variety of dishes when heating the stove. The design of such a furnace is taken as a prototype to the proposed as the closest to the structural elements and the resulting.

The described furnaces are efficient on high-calorie fuels, such as anthracite or coal, carbon briquettes or peat briquettes, which is not always available. In addition, the underheat is slightly heated in them. The design of the furnace is material-intensive.

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The objective of the proposed utility model was the creation of an economical furnace with high efficiency, which reduces material consumption and ease of maintenance.

The problem is solved by the design of a household heating and cooking stove containing a base, a housing with a lower heating chamber, a firebox, a boiler for water heating built into it, and an ash pan, separated by a grate, an upper heating chamber with a roof and chimneys connected to a vertical outlet the channel in the chimney with a valve, such a furnace, according to the proposal, is equipped with a supporting box frame with intermediate transverse supporting metal sheets, subpods floor and hearth, installed at a distance from each other with the formation of a horizontal passage, with a height equal to the thickness of the brick, while the sub-sheet is placed flush with the firebox as well as openings made of - one under the heating chamber and - at least two under the chimney on equal distance from each other and made equal to the height of the arch from the hearth sheet, on which the flooring is made of one row of brickwork with similar through holes above the holes in the sheet, forming together a 5-shaped chimney connecting channel.

In such a furnace, the lower heating chamber is made isolated from the firebox and chimney channels by a sub-sub sheet and provided with an additional water-heating capacity.

In the furnace, the boiler is installed in the firebox with an offset behind the combustion chamber in front of its rear wall and at a distance from it equal to the thickness of the brick.

In the furnace, the upper heating chamber is divided by a flap pivotally or freely mounted in the mouth of the furnace at the junction of the roof and the vertical channel.

The implementation of the furnace with a box-shaped metal frame and transverse bearing steel sheets, installed and made in a certain way, reduces the amount of material required for the manufacture of the furnace, guarantees a decrease in the amount of fuel used to maintain the temperature in the heated room, increases the efficiency of the furnace

The proposed size ratios - installing sheets from each other at a given distance, making through holes in the sheet and flooring from each other at a certain distance, are determined empirically and are optimal, because ensure during passage through the chimney channels formed between the sheets and holes, the burning of all resins and vapors released from the fuel eliminates the condensation of flue gases in the pipe and their release into the atmosphere in a vapor state., The proposed design of the furnace provides gas exit from the pipe with a temperature T 150 ° C. If the distances are chosen smaller than those proposed, then conditions will not be created for the complete combustion of harmful impurities released from the fuel. If the distances chosen are large, then this will lead to an increase in the dimensions of the furnace, which is impractical, and in addition, the tangent mode of combustion and passage of fire and gas in the channel between the sheets will not be ensured, which will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the furnace.

The proposed furnace is illustrated by drawings, where:

- 4 on $ ig. 2 - a longitudinal section of the furnace in a plane perpendicular to the facade.

The furnace contains a base - foundation I, housing 2 with a niche, a heating chamber 3, a firebox 4, in which a boiler 5 for water heating is mounted, an ash pan chamber b separated by a grate 7, an upper heating chamber 8 with a roof 9 and chimney channels 10 connected to chimney II its exhaust vertical channel 12, blocked by a valve 13.

The furnace is provided over its entire height with an additional support box-shaped metal frame 14, with intermediate transverse load-bearing steel sheets, a sub-base 15 and a hearth 16, which are installed at a distance from each other with the formation of a horizontal horizontal chimney channel having a height equal to the thickness of the brick. The sub-sheet 15 is installed flush with the upper section of the firebox, or around the entire perimeter of the furnace on the frame 14, or with one end on the frame - the other on the brickwork, and is equipped with a passage outlet 17 made under the heating chamber 8, a super-heater 4. On the bottom sheet 16 mounted on the frame 14 around the perimeter of the furnace, made of a single row of flooring of brickwork. The sheet 16 and the brick flooring on it have passage (outlet) holes 18 located one above the other and one pair of which is made over a similar hole 17 in the sheet 15, and at least two pairs of the others are made under the pipe outlet 12 11.0 tons of aperture 18 are spaced from each other at an equal distance H, chosen equal to the height and “1 of the heating chamber from the roof 9 to the bottom sheet 16. The channel between the sheets 15.16 and the openings 17.18 together form a 3-shaped chimney connecting channel

- 5 and create a circulation circuit of thermal flue gases.

The lower heating chamber 3 is made isolated from the firebox 4 and chimney channels by a sub-plate 15 and is provided with an additional water-heating capacity 19.

The upper heating chamber 8 is divided by a shutter 20, mounted either pivotally or freely at the mouth of the furnace at the junction of the roof 9 and the vertical channel 12. If necessary, the shutter 20 can be installed freely along the outer end of the chamber 8 on the pole 21.

The boiler 5 is installed in the firebox 4 with an offset behind the combustion chamber 22 to the upper chamber 8 in front of the rear wall 23 and at a distance from it, for example, equal to the thickness of the brick. The boiler is connected to the heating system by known means. (not shown).

The laying of the furnace is carried out in a known manner in order, observing the rules for dressing the seams, equipping it with well-known furnace devices - furnace, blower, view, cleaning doors, grate, gates, dampers, etc. according to need.

To remove odor and steam arising during the use of the furnace, a ventilation channel 24 with a ventilation valve connected to the chimney is provided.

Two prototypes of the furnace were made in the Nizhny Novgorod region for the arrangement of 2 residential buildings and were tested during one heating season, which showed that the design of the furnace provides increased efficiency both in terms of material consumption and when using fuel; guarantees reduction of harmful impurities in the products of combustion; allows you to control the heating of residential areas of a heated room, - b increases the uniformity of its temperature field.

In the developed oven, cooking is possible for both people and livestock, heating food and water for technical purposes in the upper and niche heating chambers. During the furnace, this design of the furnace eliminates the entry of steam, extraneous unpleasant odors into the room, and increased air humidity in the room, i.e. It guarantees the preservation of an optimal microclimate in the premises served.

Comparative analysis with the prototype showed that the inventive furnace has significant distinguishing features, namely, the structural design of the body, which is equipped with a rigid support frame and bearing transverse hearth and sub-sub-sheets, which allowed to exclude several rows of brickwork without disturbing the circulation outlet channel, to create the maximum elective area thermal interaction of hot gases with heat transfer elements of the furnace, and, in general, increase its efficiency. Thus, the proposed technical solution for the stove can be considered relevant criteria of Novelty and Industrial applicability.

- 7 SOURCE OF FINDINGS

1. I.O. Podgorodnikov, Teplushka - G, ONTI, M., 1936. (analogue).

2.A.G. USSR I687I97, class A2Sh / 00, z.07.12.89, op.30.10791 Oven for baking rumovoy bread (information for studying the prior art).

3.A.S. USSR No. 1688052 "l. R24D5 / 00; B.22.08.86; op.ZO.YU.91, Room heating system (information for studying the prior art).

4.Ya.G. Porfiryev. Stove works, Stroyizdat, I, 1998r., Reference manual; pg. 32-46 (analogue); p. 154-156 (prototype).

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FORMULA

Claims (5)

1. A domestic heating and cooking stove containing a base, a housing with a lower heating chamber, a firebox with a boiler for water heating integrated in it, an ash pan chamber separated from the firebox by a grate, an upper heating chamber with a roof and chimney channels connected to a vertical exhaust channel in a chimney with a valve, characterized in that it is equipped with a supporting box frame with intermediate transverse load-bearing sheets, hearth and subpod, installed from each other with formed using a horizontal passage channel at a distance equal to the thickness of the brick, the sub-water channel is flush with the upper end of the firebox, and the exhaust holes are made in the bearing sheets: one under each of the upper heating chamber and at least two under the chimney in the hearth the distance from each other, chosen equal to the height of the last mentioned chamber from the hearth sheet to the arch.  2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that on the bottom sheet there is a flooring made of one row of brickwork having outlet openings located above similar openings in the sheet, forming together with the horizontal passage channel between the sheets an S-shaped chimney connecting channel with a vertical channel in the pipe.  3. The furnace according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lower chamber is made isolated from chimney channels by a sub-sub sheet and is provided with an additional water-heating capacity.  4. The furnace according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the boiler is installed in the firebox with an offset to its rear wall behind the combustion chamber. 5. The furnace according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper heating chamber is divided by a shutter pivotally mounted in the mouth of the furnace at the junction of the roof with the exhaust channel.