RU2291999C1 - Steam russian bath house, bath furnace with air duct under hearth surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sanitary buildings, namely bath houses, possibly used in individual, rural, town baths and in sportive complexes.

SUBSTANCE: steam Russian bath house includes floor, furnace in front of which three stages of shelves are arranged, inner wooden facing of bath room. Three air access limiting envelopes are arranged between said facing and carcass of building. Shelves are made in the form of solid boarding. There are openings in floor for air discharging from room of steam bath to under-floor. Through opening is formed in outer wall of steam bath building for communicating through box having damper with air duct passing under hearth surface of furnace inside steam bath room. Bath furnace is described in specification. It includes metallic partition under hearth surface for separating air duct from flue. Air duct for passing air from outside building into room of steam bath between metallic partition and furnace foundation is arranged between metallic partition and furnace foundation.

EFFECT: improved ecological characteristics of steam bath due to creation inside room atmosphere isolated from atmosphere of all other parts of building.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sanitary facilities, in particular to saunas, and can be used in individual, rural, urban-type saunas and sports complexes.

Famous Russian steam baths, for example, S.A. Mishin "Baths, saunas, pools", ed. “Litera”, St.P., 2002, pp. 7-10, 34-38, steam room according to the RF patent No. 2089160, А 61 Н 33/06, Yu.P. Sosnin, Е.N. Bukharkin “Household stoves, fireplaces and water heaters ”, M .: Stroyizdat, 1990, pp. 245-253, where steam baths, using a plastic film, aluminum foil as a vapor barrier layer are described.

A disadvantage of the well-known steam rooms and baths is the use in construction of materials harmful to human health: polyethylene film, aluminum foil, mineral, basalt wool, fiberglass, wood-fiber board, which releases formaldehyde when heated.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed steam bath is “Steam Chicken” according to the patent for PM No. 38112, A 61 H 33/06, adopted as a prototype.

Figure 1 presents the scheme of the steam-prototype, where indicated:

1 - steam room; 2 - oven; 3 - a bed with stones; 4 - shelves; 5 - inner lining of the steam room; 6 - air-limiting shells; 7 - frame of the building; 8 - final floor; 9 - draft floor; 10 - underground; 11 - crate.

The prototype steam room contains a steam room 1 with an inner lining 5 made of wooden lining, and the lining is horizontally on the walls of the lining, and the tongue of the lining prevents the exit of hot air outside the room, unlike a vertically located lining. One of the walls of the steam room is oven 2, opposite which wooden shelves 4 from the lining are placed in three tiers, and the continuous flooring of the shelves 4 cuts off the volume unnecessary for heating in the steam room, thereby reducing heat consumption. Each tier of regiments 4 has a height slightly lower than the usual seat, which allows providing the condition for complete relaxation of muscles and blood vessels. Between the upper shelf 4 and the ceiling, the distance determined by the height of the seated person is usually not more than 100 cm. This determines the height of the steam room.

The steam room 1 with the inner wooden lining 5 is isolated from the frame of the building 7 with three air-limiting shells 6, between which there is air. These air-limiting shells 6 are made of a material that is harmless to human health, for example, pure pulp paper. The air-limiting shell 6 is separated from the contact between the crate 11.

The floor is made triple - draft 9, air-limiting shell 6, finishing floor 8 made of wood (boards, lining). Through-holes were made in the floor to the underground 10 connected to the basement of the furnace 2.

The disadvantage of the steam room-prototype is that the atmosphere in the steam room depends on the atmosphere of the rest of the building, which contains gases from various substances present there and from vital functions.

To eliminate this drawback, a Russian steam bath containing a floor, a stove opposite which there are three tiers of shelves, an inner wooden lining of the steam bath room, between which three air-limiting shells are placed between the building frame and the shelves, are made in the form of a continuous flooring, in addition, holes were made in the floor for air to escape from the steam bath room underground, according to the invention, a through hole was made in the outer wall of the steam bath building with a duct passing through it fa st and connected to the air duct extending beneath the furnace hearth surface inwardly steam bath room.

A diagram of the device of the proposed Russian bath is shown in figure 2, where it is indicated:

1 - steam bath room; 2 - oven; 3 - a bed with stones; 4 - shelves; 5 - inner wooden lining of the steam room; 6 - air-limiting shells; 7 - frame of the building; 8 - a fair and draft floor; 9 - holes in the floor; 10 - underground; 11 - a through hole in the outer wall of the building; 12 - shutter; 13 - box; 14 - metal partition; 15 - duct; 16 - the outer wall of the building.

A steam bath comprises a steam bath 1 with an internal wooden lining 5 made of lining, and the lining is horizontal on the walls, and the tongue of the lining prevents hot air from leaving the steam bath 1, unlike a vertically located lining. One of the walls of the steam bath is furnace 2 with a bed of stones 3. Opposite the furnace 2 there are three tiers of wooden shelves, a continuous floor of which cuts off the volume that is not necessary for heating in the steam bath, thereby reducing heat consumption.

The room of the steam bath 1 with internal wooden lining 5 is isolated from the frame of the building 7 with three air-limiting shells 6.

A through hole 11 was made in the outer wall of building 16 with a duct 13 passing through it, provided with a damper 12 and connected to an air duct 15 extending beneath the hearth of the furnace 2 inside the steam bath room 1. Moreover, the duct was drawn from the outer wall of the building 16 to furnace 2 so so as not to violate the thermal insulation of the rooms of the steam bath 1.

Floor 8 in the room of the steam bath is triple: draft, air-limiting shell and wooden fair, made of boards, lining. Openings 9 were made in floor 8 to underground 10 connected to the basement of furnace 2.

The operation of the steam bath is as follows.

The air needed for burning fuel in the furnace 2 is sucked into the blower of the furnace 2 from the underground 10 of the steam bath room 1. Such movement of air along the underground 10 prevents putrefactive processes. In its place, through special openings in the floor 9, air enters from the room of the steam bath 1. Thus, a vacuum is created in the room of the bath. As a result of this, through the duct 15 located under the hearth of the furnace 2, heated fresh air enters the room 1, which is supplied from the outside of the building, that is, from the street. Thus, the independence of the atmosphere of the steam room 1 from the rest of the building is ensured. The influx and heating of the outside air into the room of the steam bath 1 takes place along the duct 15, which passes under the hearth of the furnace 2. Moreover, apart from changing the temperature of the outside air, its physical, chemical, biological and other properties do not change. The inflow of fresh air into the room of the steam bath 1 is regulated by a shutter 12. Due to this adjustment, the air coming from the street has enough time to warm up even in winter time, which eliminates the discomfort when taking bath procedures.

Thus, the device of the duct 15 under the hearth of the furnace 2, connected by a duct 13, equipped with a shutter 12, with a through hole 11 in the outer wall of the building 16 allows for a constant flow of fresh heated air coming from the outside of the building, ensuring high environmental qualities of the steam bath, not while worsening the temperature regime, the process of vaporization and comfortable conditions for the adoption of bath procedures.

Known furnace for a bath of small mass, for example, according to patent 2005263, F 24 In 1/24, published 30.12.93, Bull. No. 47-48. This furnace contains a firebox, a blower, a pipe, a chamber with a stone container having a wall in common with the chamber, a steam door, and a through vertical pipe.

The disadvantage of such furnaces is their low mass, and therefore their low thermal conductivity, and the temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling is significant.

Heat-intensive (massive) stove-heaters are known, for example, A. Suzdaltsev’s stove-heater, described in S.A. Mishin’s book “Baths, saunas, pools”, ed. Litera, St. Petersburg, 2002, pp. 48-50, Fig. 16.

The furnace has an internal firebox and a chamber attached to it with a backfill of stones, fenced with a cast-iron stove.

Also known is a stove-stove without a hot water tank, given in the book by Yu.P. Sosnin, E.N. Bukharkin "Household stoves, fireplaces and water heaters." - M.: Stroyizdat, 1990, p. 234, Fig. 1111.

The furnace contains a furnace with an ash pan with a blow door and a cast-iron cover with tides and sides for placing stones.

The disadvantages of these stoves are that the furnace is located high above the floor, and hot gases pass along the side of the stones. This leads to low efficiency of the furnace, high fuel consumption, in addition, the temperature difference between the floor and ceiling is significant. The flat shape of the lid for placing stones allows unhindered passage of hot gases at a high speed, and therefore it takes a lot of fuel to heat the stones.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed is the Chicken oven for a bath with a bed for stones according to the patent for PM No. 30420, adopted as a prototype.

The scheme of the furnace prototype is presented in figure 3, where it is indicated:

1 - blew; 2 - an ash pan; 3 - air intake; 4 - firebox; 5 - bed for stones; 6 - stones; 7 - bed pocket; 8 - chimney.

The prototype furnace contains a blower 1 with an ash pan 2 and an air intake 3, a firebox 4, above which there is a cast-iron bed of the original form 5 with stones 6. Moreover, pocket 7 of bed 5 is at the level of firebox 4. This ensures maximum heating as pocket 7 of bed 5, and the stones 6 filling it. This arrangement of the bed 5 turns it into a guide for hot gases, that is, it is an element of the chimney 8.

The chimney 8 has several chimneys that increase the heat transfer of the furnace, while it is made with different wall thicknesses. Its thin wall faces the steam room, while the thicker wall faces the dressing room.

The air intake 3 is lowered below the floor and connects the blower 1 to the underground.

The disadvantage of the prototype furnace is that the heat from the bottom (bottom) part of the furnace, the area of which is a significant fraction of the total calorific value of the furnace, is spent on unnecessary heating of the furnace foundation.

To eliminate this drawback in a bath furnace containing an ash pan, a furnace with a cast-iron bed for stones placed above it, and a chimney, while the air intake is blown below the floor, according to the invention, a metal partition is arranged under the hearth of the furnace to separate the air duct from the chimney, the duct is located between the metal partition and the foundation of the furnace.

The scheme of the proposed bath furnace is presented in figure 2, where it is indicated:

2.1 - blew; 2.2 - an ash pan; 2.3 - air intake; 2.4 - firebox; 3 - a bed with stones; 2.7 - pocket of the bed; 2.6 - the foundation of the furnace; 2.8 - chimney; 14 - metal partition.

The proposed sauna stove contains a fan 2.1 with an ash pan 2.2 and an air intake 2.3, a firebox 2.4, above which there is a cast-iron bed of an original form with stones 3. Moreover, the pocket of the box 2.7 is at the level of the firebox 2.4. This ensures maximum heating of both the pocket of the bed and the stones filling it. This arrangement of the bed 2.7 turns it into the guide surface of the chimney for hot gases, that is, it is an element of the chimney 2.8.

Chimney 2.8 has several chimneys that increase the heat transfer of the furnace, while it is made with different wall thicknesses. Its thin wall is facing the room of the steam bath, and the thicker is facing the dressing room.

The air intake 2.3 is lowered below the floor and connects the blower 2.1 to the underground.

A metal partition 14 is arranged under the hearth of the bathhouse, hermetically separating the duct from the chimney 2.8, while the duct is located between the metal partition 14 and the foundations of the furnace 2.6. The partition is made of metal that is neutral to the hostile environment of the furnace, in addition, metal is a good heat conductor and allows you to tightly separate the duct from the chimney 2.8.

The proposed bath oven operates as follows.

In the furnace 2.4, fuel is laid and a fire is ignited. Ash crumbles into an ash pan 2.2 blowing 2.1. Hot gas generated from burning fuel rises up to the furnace 2.4, and heats the cast-iron bed with stones 3.

Due to the original shape of the bed 3, maximum heating occurs from the bend to the bottom of the pocket of the bed 2.7, where the stones are located. The cast-iron bed transfers its heat to the stones. A large number of stones placed in bed 3, allows you to use water without restriction to form the necessary humidity (10 ÷ 100%) and temperature in a steam bath. Next, hot gas goes around the pocket 2.7 of the bed with stones 3 and rushes into the chimney 2.8. This makes it possible to maximize heat extraction from hot gases by the furnace. An extended brick chimney 8 creates a large calorific value and a significant external surface for infrared radiation. The air intake 2.3 of the blower 2.1 serves to ventilate the underground, air exchange in the steam room and dry the floor, eliminating the unpleasant odor.

The device of the metal partition 14 under the hearth (lower) surface of the furnace allows you to use the calorific value of the hearth of the furnace to heat the air passing between the metal partition 14 and the foundation of the furnace 2.6 and coming from the outside of the building through the duct.

The direction of air movement is provided by the operation of the furnace. The air required to burn fuel in the sauna stove is sucked into the basement 2.1 from the underground. In its place, through the openings in the floor, air enters from the steam bath room, where, in turn, heated, clean atmospheric air enters through the duct passing under the hearth of the furnace.

Thus, the proposed bath stove while maintaining the external dimensions, internal structure and all other advantages of the prototype stove allows you to use heat from the bottom of the stove to heat the air entering the steam bath from the outside of the building.

This improves the ecological state of the atmosphere in the bathhouse.

Claims (2)

1. Russian steam bath containing a floor, an oven, opposite which there are three tiers of shelves, an internal wooden lining of the steam bath room, between which three air-limiting shells are placed between the building frame and the shelves, the shelves are made in the form of a continuous flooring, in addition, the floor is made openings for air to escape from the steam bath room underground, characterized in that a through hole is made in the outer wall of the steam bath building, connected by a duct provided with a flap with an air duct passing under the hearth the surface of the stove inside the steam bath. 2. Sauna furnace containing an ash pan, a furnace with a cast-iron stone bed placed above it, made in such a way that the pocket of the bed is at the level of the furnace and is the guiding surface of the chimney, while the air intake of the air blower is located below the floor and connects the air blower to the underground, different the fact that under the hearth of the furnace there is a metal partition that separates the duct from the chimney, while the duct for the outside of the building passing into the room of the steam bath between the metal town and the foundation of the furnace air, located between the metal partition and the foundation of the furnace.

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