RU2471123C1 - Bath-house furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: bath-house furnace includes housing, in which furnace with grate and ash pit is arranged, and above furnace there arranged is closed capacity with heat accumulating elements and a water filling hole, which is intended for steam release, stack and device for plenum-exhaust ventilation. The latter is made in the form of a central air line which is located under ash pit and provided with a door connected by means of a mechanical rod to rotating air valve mounted on its opposite end, and side air lines with doors, which are located to the left and to the right of ash pit.

EFFECT: providing hygienically comfortable operating conditions of furnace at improvement of its operability due to maximum use of furnace heat for heating of a sweating room and generation of steam.

6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to furnace heating systems, and in particular to furnaces that provide both heating and steam generation, and can find application mainly in individual baths.

Known metal furnace Kutkina according to the patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 70562, F24B 1/24, publ. 01/27/2008, including a housing, a screen having at least one vertical section, a firebox with a door, wherein the width of the firebox is less than the width of the housing located between the side walls of the firebox and the vertical sections of the screen, an air-heating chamber, a metal container with an opening for vaporization, filled with heat storage material placed above the firebox and having a common wall with it, and a chimney. A part of the furnace body connecting the container with the heat storage material and the screen is sealed, and an air intake element is located between the metal tank with the heat storage material and the air-heating chamber.

A disadvantage of the known furnace is the lack of supply and exhaust ventilation in it, which does not ensure the removal of fresh air from the steam saturated with carbon dioxide and human sweat, and the intake of fresh air to facilitate breathing during increased vapors during the vaporization process. Thus, the design of the known furnace does not provide hygienically comfortable conditions during its operation.

Another disadvantage of such a furnace is the connection of an air-heating chamber through which steam air circulates with a metal container filled with heat-accumulating material designed to produce steam. With this design, when the metal container is closed, the movement of air that removes heat from the side surfaces of the firebox stops, which leads to their overheating, shortening the service life, and makes it difficult to heat the air in the steam room. This reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

Also known is the bathhouse furnace according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 93500, Р24В 1/24, publ. 04/27/2010, containing a housing, a firebox having an increased height, a chimney, an insulated closed heater having a lid for giving water to stones, a protective casing equipped with shutters for regulating the flow of hot air.

The disadvantage of this furnace is also the lack of supply and exhaust ventilation and the deterioration associated with its lack of operating conditions of the furnace, as in the previous counterpart. In addition, a closed heater having an external protective casing adversely affects the efficiency of the furnace, since with this design the amount of heat released to heat the steam room is reduced.

The closest solution to the technical nature and the totality of the essential features is a bath stove with an air duct under the hearth according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2291999, F24В 1/24, publ. January 20, 2007, containing an ash pan and a furnace with a cast-iron stone box placed above it, made so that the pocket of the box is at the level of the furnace and is the guiding surface of the chimney. The blower air intake is located below the field level and connects the blower with the underground. Under the hearth of the furnace there is a metal partition separating the duct from the chimney. An air duct for the steam bath entering the outside of the building and passing into the room between the metal partition and the furnace foundation is located between the metal partition and the furnace foundation.

The disadvantage of this device is the inefficiency of the supply and exhaust ventilation. Due to the location of the heating surface on top of the air channel, efficient heat transfer from it to the air in the channel is difficult, therefore, the supply air cannot be heated to a sufficiently high temperature. As a result, slightly heated supply air will flow down the steam room, be trapped by the hood, and prematurely removed from the room, without ensuring full ventilation of the steam room. In addition, in the known device, the intake of air from the steam room under the grate and the maintenance of the furnace are made from the steam room, which is inconvenient during operation.

The technical task of the proposed solution is to ensure hygienically comfortable conditions during operation of the furnace by organizing effective supply and exhaust ventilation in it while increasing the efficiency of the furnace by maximizing the use of the heat of the furnace generated as a result of fuel combustion to heat the steam room and generate steam.

The problem is solved in that in the bathhouse furnace containing a housing in which a firebox with a grate and an ash pan is placed, and above the firebox there is a closed container with heat storage elements and a hole for pouring water, adapted to release steam, a chimney and a supply and exhaust device ventilation, according to the technical solution, the means for supply and exhaust ventilation is made in the form of a central duct located under the ash pan with a door connected by a mechanical rod with a rotary air valve, mounted nnym at the opposite end thereof, and side air ducts with doors to the left and right sides of the ash box.

The organization of effective supply and exhaust ventilation in the furnace provides, with increased sweating and carbon dioxide emissions that accompany the person visiting the steam room (especially if there are several people in the steam room), the air saturated with human secretions is removed from the steam room and fresh air enters it to facilitate breathing person. This provides hygienically comfortable conditions for him. The proposed design of the supply and exhaust ventilation means allows it to be controlled outside the steam room from the dressing room, switching the indicated ducts from the stage of heating the furnace to the stage of drawing steam-saturated air from the steam room and supplying fresh air from the dressing room, which is convenient in operation. In the claimed device, the supply air enters under the convector of the furnace and follows the same path as recirculated air (steam air). As a result, its assimilation is ensured, the consequence of which is the effective ventilation of the steam room.

It is advisable to provide a device for irrigation of heat storage elements with water in a closed container and make it in the form of a funnel connected to a water inlet and a tray connected to a funnel and equipped with a rotary check valve at the inlet and distribution plates, which must be placed obliquely under the tray, forming slopes away from the tray. At the same time, it is advisable to make slotted holes in the tray and distribution plates and place the irrigation device in the middle part of the closed container, and to release steam, make holes in its upper wall and install lifting valves on them.

If there is a device for irrigation with water and its design, heat-accumulating elements in the lower part of the closed tank are irrigated, which allows to obtain primary ("wet") steam, which, rising up, is dried from the heat-accumulating elements located above the distribution plates, turning into secondary (" light ") steam, the most useful for humans. In this case, excessive steam pressure raises the lift valves on the upper wall of the closed container, providing steam output for heating and humidifying the steam room and, as a result, stable operation of the furnace. The design of the irrigation device provides uniform irrigation of heat storage elements, which leads to stable vaporization, necessary for the efficient operation of the furnace.

It is also advisable to perform a convector consisting of upper and lower parts, with the upper part pushed to the bottom with the formation of a gap between them.

The gap between the parts of the convector provides an additional suction of heated air to the steam to the vertical heat exchange surfaces of the furnace due to injection, which contributes to the activation of heat transfer of the furnace, increasing its efficiency. The same effect is facilitated by the implementation of the convector walls from expanded metal sheet. In this case, the heated air is sucked in additionally and through tangentially oriented notches.

It is also advisable to use Rashig rings made of ceramics as heat storage elements in the furnace. The material of the rings is heat-resistant, the rings have a developed contact surface and high vapor permeability. Ceramics with such geometry, being in a closed container, will quickly accumulate heat and quickly recover this heat in the intervals between use. This contributes to the efficiency of vaporization.

It is advisable that the rear and side walls of the housing and the bottom of the closed container are made of corrugated material. Such material increases the surface of these walls by 1.5 times, which reduces their heat stress and increases the rigidity of the structure, allowing them to reduce their thickness. In general, this has a positive effect on heat transfer.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific design and drawings of figures 1-9, where it is shown:

figure 1 - bath furnace, left side view, longitudinal section;

figure 2 is the same, left view;

figure 3 is the same, a section aa in figure 1;

figure 4 is the same, a section bB in figure 3;

figure 5 is the same, a top view;

figure 6 is the same front view;

7 is a diagram of a device for irrigation with water, left view;

Fig.8 is the same, view A in Fig.7;

figure 9 - bathhouse, section bb in figure 1.

The bath furnace contains a housing 1 (Fig. 1) having a front, rear and side walls (pos. Not indicated), shielded by a convector (except for the lower part of the front wall), which consists of upper 2 and lower 3 parts. The upper part 2 is pushed onto the lower part 3 with the formation of a gap 4. The walls of the convector are made of expanded metal sheet 5 (figure 2) with tangentially oriented notches. In the case 1 there is a fire chamber 6 (Fig. 1) with a grate 7 and an ash pan 8 (Figs. 3, 4), and above the fire chamber 6 there is a closed container 9 (hereinafter - capacity 9) with heat storage elements 10 and a hole 11 (Fig. 5) ) for pouring water, adapted to release steam. The furnace has a chimney 12 (figure 5, 9) and means for supply and exhaust ventilation are provided, made in the form of a central duct 13 located under the ash pan 8 (figure 1, 3) with a door 14 (figure 6) connected by a mechanical thrust 15 (Fig. 1) with a rotary air valve 16 mounted on the opposite end of the central duct 13, and side ducts 17 (Fig. 3) with doors 18 located to the left and right of the ash pan 8 (Fig. 6).

In the container 9, a device for irrigation with water of the heat storage elements 10 is provided, made in the form of a funnel 19 (Fig. 1, 7) connected to the hole 11 for pouring water (Fig. 7) and a tray 20 (Fig. 1, 7) connected with a funnel 19 and equipped with a rotary check valve 21 at the inlet and distribution plates 22 (Figs. 7, 8), which are placed obliquely under the tray 20, forming slopes away from the tray 20. Slot holes 23 are made in the tray 20 and the distribution plates 22. For the release of steam in the upper wall 24 of the tank 9 (Fig.2, 5) made holes 25, on which are installed lifting valves 26. An irrigation device is located in the middle part of the tank 9, dividing it into upper and lower parts, and the heat storage elements 10 are placed in both its parts.

The heat storage elements 10 are Raschig rings (look like short tubes with a diameter of 15 ÷ 20 mm) made of ceramic.

The furnace 6 has a fuel channel 27 (Fig. 1, 2) and a door 28 (Fig. 1, 6). The rear and side walls of the housing 1 (Fig. 4, 9) and the bottom 29 of the heater 9 (Fig. 3) have a corrugated surface. The chimney 12 has a throttle (not shown in FIG.) For adjusting the draft.

The central duct 13 forms an air channel for drawing out air saturated with human vapors, and the lateral ducts 17 - air channels for the influx of fresh air from the dressing room.

The bath oven is used as follows.

When preparing the furnace for operation, the doors 18 of the lateral ducts 17 are closed (Fig.6). During the kindling of the furnace and heating of the steam door 14 of the Central duct 13 is open, while the rotary air valve 16 of the Central duct 13 is closed (figure 1). The air necessary for burning fuel will come from the waiting room under the grate 7 through the extended drawer of ash pan 8 from above. With increased perspiration and the release of carbon dioxide, which accompany a person when visiting a steam room, good ventilation is necessary. To do this, the door 14 is closed by opening the rotary air valve 16 by means of mechanical traction 15. In this case, air from the steam room will enter the furnace through the open channel of the central duct 13 due to rarefaction of air in the furnace 6. Thereby, the exhaust is drawn through the chimney 12 of heated air steam room saturated with vapor of a person, which has a positive effect on the heat balance of fuel combustion in the furnace. For the influx of fresh air into the steam room from the dressing room, the doors 18 of the side ducts 17 are opened. Cool air through the channels of the side ducts 17 enters the zone of operation of the lower part 3 of the convector, is heated and mixed with the steam room air. Thus, the supply and exhaust ventilation of the steam room is carried out.

Irrigation of the heat storage elements 10 is carried out in portions of water (150 ÷ 200 g) through the hole 11 in the tank 9 (Fig. 5) using an irrigation device. Water enters through the hole 11 into the funnel 19 (Fig. 7) and then through an open rotary check valve 21 into the tray 20 with distribution plates 22. Water flows through these plates 22 and evenly irrigates the heat storage elements through the slotted openings 23 (Fig. 8). 10 in the lower part of the tank 9 (figure 3). Here we get the primary ("wet") steam, which rises to the upper part of the tank 9, where it is dried from the heat-accumulating elements 10 and turns into a secondary ("light") steam, which beneficially affects the person and is easily transferred to him, unlike the "wet" couple.

During irrigation of the heat-accumulating elements 10 in the tank 9, the generated excess steam pressure lifts the lift valves 26 above the openings 25 (Fig. 5) for the steam to exit, and it will go out, humidifying and warming the steam room air.

Convector design has a positive effect on the heat transfer efficiency in the furnace. The slot 4 formed between its upper 2 and lower 3 parts (FIG. 1), and tangentially oriented slots in the walls of the convector (FIG. 2) provide a heated air intake for the steam room.

The heat storage elements 10, which are Rashig rings in the form of short ceramic tubes with a diameter of 15 ÷ 20 mm, are heat-specific, have a developed contact surface and high vapor permeability. Ceramics with this geometry, being in the closed volume of the container 9, will quickly accumulate heat and quickly recover this heat in the intervals between use (after 10-15 minutes).

The rear, side walls of the housing 1 and the bottom 29 of the tank 9 (Fig. 3, 4) are made of corrugated stainless steel sheets, which increases their surface by 1.5 times, reducing heat stress and increasing structural rigidity. This allows you to reduce their thickness, positively affecting heat transfer.

Thus, the proposed design of the sauna stove provides hygienically comfortable conditions for a person while visiting the steam room while increasing the efficiency of its work.

Claims (6)

1. Bath furnace containing a housing in which a furnace with a grate and an ash pan is placed, and above the furnace is a closed container with heat storage elements and a hole for pouring water, adapted to exhaust steam, a chimney and a supply and exhaust ventilation device, characterized in that the means for supply and exhaust ventilation is made in the form of a central duct located under the ash pan with a door connected by a mechanical rod with a rotary air valve mounted on its opposite end, and side ducts with doors located to the left and right of the ash pan. 2. A bath oven according to claim 1, characterized in that in a closed container there is provided a device for irrigation with water of heat storage elements, made in the form of a funnel connected to a hole for pouring water, and a tray connected to the funnel and equipped with a rotary check valve at the inlet and distribution plates, which are placed obliquely under the tray, forming slopes away from the tray, and slotted holes are made in the tray and distribution plates, while the irrigation device is located in the middle part of the closed mkosti, and for discharging steam in the upper wall provided with holes in which the lifting valves are installed. 3. The bath furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the convector is made up of upper and lower parts, the upper part being pulled over the lower one to form a gap between them. 4. Sauna stove according to claim 3, characterized in that the convector walls are made of expanded metal with tangentially oriented notches. 5. Sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat storage elements are Raschig rings made of ceramic. 6. The bath furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear and side walls of the housing and the bottom of the closed container are made of corrugated material.

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