RU2726005C1 - Cleaning and health improving baths - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sanitary-hygienic structures, in particular, to baths, and can be used in individual, commercial, rural baths, bath-houses, urban-type baths and in health-improving complexes. Cleaning and sanitary bath contains floor, furnace, opposite to which there are shelves, air exchange system, door, exhaust ventilation duct openings are located from below as close to floor as possible, air outlets of supply channels or pockets are located at height of horizontal edges of furnace housing with air heating to ambient temperature. Intensity of air exchange is determined by traction of exhaust channel, and there are no convectors for repeated circulation and heating of air from below the room. Under the door there is a threshold, the floor has slopes towards the water discharge into the ladder with a water gate, on the floor there installed are floor drain grids, flooring equal to the height of the door threshold. A protruding step protruding outward is located under the shelves. Dampening tank with hot non-boiling water with adjusting cover is installed in sufficient proximity to inlet channels outlet holes for humidification of fresh heated air flows, steam and heat generation output is directed vertically upwards, plane of steam and heat outlet is located below horizontal plane of shelter, around hot surfaces of devices there is safety zone for person or screen. Changing heat generation of the furnace, degree of opening of the heater stoves, adjusts the temperature mode of the bath, opening degree of adjusting cover of humidifying tank - regulates humid background of bath till complete stop of humidification, manual change of humidity, evaporation of water from hot stones of heater in furnace, - regulates humidity by steam generation.EFFECT: technical result is increase in safety, comfort and pleasantness of bath operation.5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sanitary facilities, in particular to saunas, and can be used in individual, commercial, rural saunas, barrel saunas, urban saunas and in sports and fitness complexes.

The technical result, which the invention is directed to, is to increase the safety, convenience and pleasantness of the operation of the bath. The technical result is achieved by obtaining and maintaining favorable for the person microclimate regimes of the bath and safe and convenient control of them, as well as the organization of convenient and safe elements of the bath, including shelves, benches, walkways, doors, etc.

The levels of technology.

Known conditions and modes for baths described in the interstate standard of the Russian Federation GOST 32670-2014 “Domestic services. Bath and shower services. General specifications. " Table 1 indicates that in a steam room Russian bath should be a temperature in the range of 40-60 ° C. In paragraph 5.31, it is indicated that the relative humidity in the office premises should be taken - 60%; in the locker rooms, with bathrooms, swimming pools - 70%; in soap and shower rooms - 95%, steam rooms 85%. Section 6.3.3 indicates the need for supply and exhaust ventilation with artificial motivation, designed for small capacity - it is allowed to provide heating and ventilation with natural motivation. Clause 6.11 states that the location of the heater stoves in the steam rooms should be arranged so that the steam release from them is not directed to the door or window opening, as well as to the shelves for consumers.

Described in the interstate standard of the Russian Federation GOST 32670-2014 “Domestic services. Bath and shower services. General technical conditions ”modes determine the general boundaries of the microclimate parameters from temperature, humidity and air exchange, but do not affect individual safety, individual convenience and pleasantness for a person in the bathhouse. Usually, in a steam room, the temperature and humidity are unevenly distributed throughout the room, and the devices that fix these parameters are not in the places where the person is. The parameters of the bath regimes must be determined at the location of the person in the bath, so in the procedural zone this is the place of the person on the shelf.

The maximum temperature for a person is determined by the sensitivity range between individuals and is limited by the pain threshold for a hot body in the range from 36 to 45 ° C (Shaflik V. / Modern hot water supply systems. - ISBN 978-961-7208-60-8 - К .: Subsidiary CPI “Taici help”, 2010 - from 45). For a person, a sensation of sound heat is in this temperature range. Touching the body of the heated shelf, a person should experience pleasant sensations, and not feelings of burning unpleasant heat or pain. The use of this temperature range during the bath allows you to prevent harm to the human body through overheating, and when you touch the heated shelf to get a pleasant sensation of heat, without burning sensation of skin contact with the heated shelf. The established temperature regime must be maintained without constant or frequent manual regulation during the time of the bathing procedure without significant fluctuations.

The optimum humidity at the shelf level is selected according to the dew point temperature in the range of 36-38 ° С. With this humidity, moisture condenses on the surface of the human body. Moisture condensation on the surface of the human body is accompanied by heat generation due to the transition of water from a gaseous state to a liquid one. The upper limit of 38 ° C is due to safety, in order to prevent the condensation heat of the human body from overheating (hyperthermia) and subsequent destructive consequences for the whole body. Thus, the temperature of the surface of the human body in the bath does not rise above 38 ° C. Condensation on the surface of the skin softens surface impurities and opens the pores of the skin to further cleanse the body in a pleasant microclimate. At an ambient temperature of 40–45 ° С, the humidity of the dew point temperature of 36–38 ° С corresponds to a relative humidity of 60–85%.

To determine the adequacy of humidity on a shelf in a bathhouse, a person moistens the back surface of the hand with warm water, stretches out his hand and turns the moistened surface towards the face. Blowing on a dampened surface. If you feel cool, there is not enough humidity (the described feeling accompanies the evaporation process) and to soften the skin and carry out cleansing procedures, it is necessary to increase the humidity, otherwise the humidity is sufficient, and it can be increased during the bath according to the desire and sensations of a person. Wet skin is cold when the dew point temperature is lower than skin temperature (usually an average of 33 ° C). Thus, a temperature-humidity regime favorable for him is determined individually for a specific temperature of the surface of the human body during a bath. The established humidity regime should be maintained without constant or frequent manual regulation during the time of the bathing procedure without significant fluctuations.

The air exchange system must remove the exhaust air from its accumulation places and supply fresh air to the human breathing zone in sufficient quantity to ensure comfortable easy breathing. In a bathhouse, at temperatures above the temperature of the human body, the exhaust air descends and accumulates below due to a higher density than the environment due to the lower temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the exhaust air in the procedural zone of the bath at the places of its accumulation, that is, at the bottom. Due to the presence of convective flows in the bath, arising, for example, due to heating of the air by the hot surfaces of the furnace, it is possible to mix the flows of fresh and exhaust air. To ensure the safety and comfort of a person in the bath, heating the exhaust air and supplying it to the breathing zone of the person is unacceptable, as well as mixing the exhaust and fresh incoming air is unacceptable. It is unacceptable for fresh, unheated air to enter the exhaust zone below, bypassing the human breathing zone, due to a decrease in the efficiency of the air exchange system. Cold air in the human breathing zone is unacceptable due to safety for humans, since with a large difference in temperature of the inhaled air and the environment, a person can catch a cold. The supply of cold or superheated air, relative to the ambient temperature in the procedural zone of the bath, negatively affects the maintenance of temperature conditions. Fresh air entering the treatment area of the bath should be warmed up to ensure and maintain a microclimate.

There are many places of increased danger in the bathhouse. In the case when a person is in a bathhouse in a relaxed state, the risk of contact with the hot surfaces of the oven, falling due to an inconvenient location of the shelf, damage due to an inconvenient passage to the exit, and the possibility of a traumatic situation due to a threshold that can be hit increase. In the bath, a person relaxes and his attention is scattered, so the described risks are especially relevant. To eliminate the above risks and ensure safety and convenience, it is necessary to protect the person from unwanted contact with hot surfaces, sharp corners, high thresholds and organize safe bath elements, including shelves, benches, walkways, doors, etc. Climate control actions should be carried out safely and conveniently, for example, during steam generation, to prevent steam from escaping towards a person who is next to the furnace / steam generator. To maintain comfortable microclimate conditions, it should be possible to quickly adjust the humidification and steam generation until the humidification stops completely.

The described microclimate regimes and conditions in the bath are called favorable for humans.

In addition to the requirements for microclimate regimes, there are operational requirements for the technical components of the bathhouse:

реализация просушки процедурной зоны;

implementation of the drying of the treatment area;

нагрев зоны отдыха до температуры комфортного нахождения человека;

heating the recreation area to a comfortable person's temperature;

подогрев достаточного количества воды для нужд банных процедур;

heating a sufficient amount of water for the needs of bath procedures;

воздухообмен;

air exchange;

удобство расположения людей;

convenience of location of people;

удобство уборки, подготовки и обслуживания бани.

convenience of cleaning, preparing and maintaining the bath.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to increase the safety, convenience and pleasantness of the operation of the bath. The technical result is achieved by obtaining and maintaining favorable for the person microclimate regimes of the bath and safe and convenient control of them, as well as the organization of convenient and safe elements of the bath, including shelves, benches, walkways, doors, etc.

Famous RUSSIAN STEAM BATH E.V. BUSYGINA (RF Patent RU 2448305 C1), comprising log walls, a floor, a ceiling, a stove made of fired red clay brick, shelves for sitting and lying, in which the furnace contains a firebox and a fan with doors separated by a grate, a heater containing hot red clay broken brick, located above the firebox arch, a chimney, a tubular heat exchanger placed in the fire chamber and a water heating tank, characterized in that the water heating tank is installed on the ceiling of the bath and communicates with the tubular heat exchanger through the water pipe system for free convective heating of water, and the system pipes pass through the ceiling of the bath, one the pipe of which is connected to a hot water analysis tap installed in the bathhouse at the level of the cold water inlet to the tubular heat exchanger, there is also a cold water tank on the ceiling connected to a pipe passing through the ceiling, at the end of which a cold water analysis tap is installed, installed in the bath room at the level of the tap for parsing hot water, while in the chimney at the top in the steam room has a view made with a ventilation hole for exhaust ventilation. The bath room is divided by an adjacent heat-insulating wall into the washing and steam rooms, communicating through a common door that opens into the washing compartment, and the furnace is mounted in an adjacent wall. In the bath, water tanks are thermally insulated and removed from the treatment area, connected to an external water supply system through shut-off devices from exceeding the level of the filled water, water is heated through a tubular heat exchanger installed under the furnace’s roof, in the washing compartment there is a shower containing a hot and cold mixer water connected to the pipelines of water flow from the tanks located on the ceiling with hot and cold water. The bathhouse works as follows. The tanks are filled with clean water from the external water supply system, for which they open the water tap on the pipeline, through which water enters the tanks, after filling which open the views in the chimney, as well as the blower door, close the door in the chamber with a heater, then put it into the furnace through the door firewood, kindle fire and close the door. Hot gas generated from the burning of firewood rises up the firebox, heats the heat exchanger, in which cold water, which is lowered from the tank through the pipe, is heated and, through the tube system of free convective heating of water in the heated state, rises through the pipe through the ceiling of the bath again into the tank. Next, the hot gas along with the smoke passes through the cast-iron grating arch of the furnace and the heater, heats the red-hot broken clay brick in the chamber and rushes through the chimney, bypassing the two views, into the atmosphere. The air required to burn wood in the firebox is sucked into the blower through a door made at floor level. The burning of firewood in the stove continues until the pipe heats up from the cold water that is lowered from the tank to the temperature that is touched by the touch of a bare hand. When this temperature is reached, a portion of ash and / or fruit trees is laid in the furnace, which transfers the phyto-vapor mixture to the heater, after the combustion of which the chimney is closed with a view with a ventilation hole, and also the blower door is closed. Then, hot water is collected from the faucet into the ladle in the steam room, the door is opened in the chamber with the heater, steam is supplied to clean the heater and the chamber from ash spraying, while the steam flies out of the chamber through the door horizontally to the side in the direction of the heat shield protecting the wall from exposure steam and ash spraying, after which they close the chamber with a door and clean the bath. After the remains of the burning coals in the furnace go out, completely close the chimney with a view, open the door in the chamber with a heater, give steam and close the door in the adjacent wall, which informs the washing compartment with the steam compartment to saturate the latter with a phyto-vapor mixture. After some time, they begin to conduct a full-fledged physiotherapeutic effect of the phyto-vapor mixture through bath procedures with a broom, sitting or lying on a shelf in the steam room, yielding steam through the action of water on a heater with red-clay beaten brick saturated with a phyto-vapor mixture through an open chamber door, and subsequent rinsing in the washing compartment under the shower from the hot and cold water mixer, coming through pipelines and from the tanks located on the ceiling and with cold and hot water. The final washing is carried out in the washing department with the intake of water from the taps and coming through pipes and tanks.

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

отсутствие элементов поддержания базового влажностного фона в парильном помещении без частой подачи воды на каменку;

the lack of elements to maintain the basic humidity background in the steam room without frequent water supply to the heater;

отсутствие водоудаления с пола парильного отделения;

lack of water removal from the floor of the steam room;

отсутствие зоны безопасности для человека у горячих стенок печи;

lack of a safety zone for a person near the hot walls of the furnace;

вылет пара в бок при подаче воды на камни создает опасную зону для человека;

the steam escape to the side when water is supplied to the stones creates a danger zone for humans;

отсутствует воздухообмен, гарантирующий подачу свежего воздуха в зону дыхания человека во время бани;

there is no air exchange guaranteeing the supply of fresh air to the person’s breathing zone during the bath;

опасность дыхания человека взвесью с недогоревшими продуктами сгорания, называемыми автором фитопаровоздушной смесью;

the danger of human breathing in suspension with unburned combustion products, called by the author a phyto-vapor mixture;

использование ограниченного количества материалов (кирпич для печи, дерево для стен);

the use of a limited amount of materials (brick for the stove, wood for the walls);

сложность конструкции водообменной сообщающейся системы;

the complexity of the design of the water exchange communicating system;

наличие застойных зон пара и воздуха в верхних углах помещения;

the presence of stagnant zones of steam and air in the upper corners of the room;

не гарантированно получение и поддержание благоприятных режимов бани.

obtaining and maintaining favorable bath regimes is not guaranteed.

There is a method of organizing the circulation of steam and air flows in a steam room Russian bath with a preventive and therapeutic effect (Patent RF RU 2655719 C1), which consists in the fact that the outside air, before entering the steam room, "passes" through the casing, inside which the chimney pipe is heated by it and a heat exchanger. To accelerate the suction and heating of air in the steam room, “acceleration” pipes are used, passing through the stove at an angle to it so that their ends protrude beyond the boundaries of the stove. At the same time, at the upper ends of the booster tubes there is a bath with a medicinal solution for prevention and treatment. Air supply and heating is carried out according to the example of a coaxial chimney in boilers.

The disadvantages of this method are:

ограниченная область применения с печами на твердом, жидком и газообразном топливе;

limited scope with solid, liquid and gaseous fuel stoves;

отсутствие гарантий подачи свежего подогретого воздуха в зону дыхания находящегося в бане человека;

lack of guarantees for the supply of fresh heated air to the breathing zone of a person in the bath;

возможное влияние на микроклимат в процедурной зоне из-за отсутствия определения необходимой температуры подогрева приточного воздуха и определения места вывода воздуха из помещения, относительно иных элементов бани;

the possible impact on the microclimate in the treatment area due to the lack of determining the required temperature for heating the supply air and determining the place of air outlet from the room, relative to other elements of the bath;

отсутствие описания вытяжной вентиляции, без которой полноценный воздухообмен с утилизацией отработанного воздуха невозможен.

lack of description of exhaust ventilation, without which full air exchange with exhaust air utilization is impossible.

Known ventilation module of the bath furnace (RF Patent RU 2641361 C1), also consisting of a channel for the influx of street air and an exhaust channel made isolated from each other or adjacent to at least one wall of the furnace body and the control valve, where it is cold ( for example, street) air enters the room from the street, air is drawn from below, enters the attached sinus and through the channels enters the upper part of the room, and the used air is utilized through the channels below, entering the exhaust duct that enters the chimney, and in the absence of a chimney, ventilation ducts with artificial induction (fan) are used for inflow and exhaust. The module is made of any material selected from the group including brick, concrete, metal. In the module, the exhaust duct is equipped with an additional valve.

The disadvantages of the known ventilation module are:

необходимость манипулирования задвижками-регуляторами, в приточном и вытяжном каналах;

the need to manipulate gate valves-regulators in the supply and exhaust channels;

отсутствие описания возможности обогащений фитоаромавеществами поступающего воздуха;

the lack of a description of the possibility of enrichment of phytoaromaterials in the incoming air;

возможное негативное влияние на микроклимат в процедурной зоне из-за отсутствия определения необходимой температуры подогрева приточного воздуха и определения места вывода воздуха из помещения относительно иных элементов бани;

possible negative impact on the microclimate in the treatment area due to the lack of determining the required temperature for heating the supply air and determining the place of air outlet from the room relative to other elements of the bath;

использование дополнительного вентилятора в канале притока свежего воздуха, а не только в вытяжном канале, в случае искусственного побуждения;

the use of an additional fan in the channel for the influx of fresh air, and not just in the exhaust channel, in case of artificial induction;

преждевременная деструкция дымохода из кирпича из-за образования конденсата и последующего впитывания образовавшейся влаги кирпича во время работы вытяжным вентиляционным каналом вследствие образования конденсата и последующего впитывания образовавшейся влаги кирпичом.

premature destruction of the chimney from the brick due to the formation of condensate and subsequent absorption of the formed moisture of the brick during operation by the exhaust ventilation duct due to the formation of condensate and subsequent absorption of the formed moisture by the brick.

Closest to the claimed invention is the Russian steam bath Kurina and the sauna stove with an air duct under the hearth RU 2291999 C1, also containing a floor, stove, shelves, removal of exhaust air from the room below, heating fresh air. The known invention is taken as a prototype.

The prototype contains a floor, an oven, opposite which there are three tiers of shelves, an inner wooden lining of the steam bath room, between which three air-limiting shells are placed between the building frame and the building. Shelves are made in the form of a continuous flooring. Holes were made in the floor for air to escape from the steam bath room underground. A through hole was made in the outer wall of the steam bath building, connected by a duct equipped with a damper with an air duct passing under the hearth of the furnace inside the steam bath room. A bath furnace is also characterized, under the bottom surface of which there is a metal partition separating the air duct from the chimney, while the air duct for the outside of the building passing into the room of the steam bath between the metal wall and the foundation of the air furnace is located between the metal wall and the foundation.

The prototype works as follows. The air needed to burn fuel in the furnace is sucked into the blown furnace from the underground room of the steam bath. In its place, through special openings in the floor, air enters from the room of the steam bath, creating a rarefaction of air, as a result of which through the duct located under the hearth of the furnace, heated fresh atmospheric air enters the room of the bath, which is supplied outside the building through the duct that passes under the hearth of the furnace, being heated by the furnace. The flow of fresh air into the room of the steam bath is regulated by a damper. Thanks to this adjustment, the air coming in from the street has enough time to warm up, according to the authors of the prototype.

Thus, the device of the duct under the hearth of the furnace, connected by a duct equipped with a damper, with a through hole in the outer wall of the building, allows for a constant flow of fresh heated air entering the outside of the building, ensuring high environmental qualities of the steam bath, without compromising the temperature regime, the process of steam formation and comfortable conditions for the adoption of bath procedures

The prototype is used as follows.

Fuel is placed in the furnace and a fire is kindled. Ash is poured into the ash pan of the blower, hot gas generated from burning fuel rises up the firebox, heats the cast-iron bed with stones. Due to the original shape, the bed is highly heated from the bend to the bottom of the pocket of the bed, where the stones of the heater are located. The cast-iron bed transfers its heat to the stones. A large number of stones placed in the bed allows you to use water without restriction to form the necessary humidity (10 ÷ 100%) and temperature in a steam bath. Next, hot gas goes around the pocket of the bed with stones and rushes into the chimney. This makes it possible to maximize heat extraction from hot gases by the furnace. An extended brick chimney creates a large calorific value and a significant external surface for infrared radiation. The air intake of the blower is used to ventilate the underground, air exchange in the steam room and drying the floor, eliminating the unpleasant odor and drawing out the exhaust air.

The device of a metal partition under the hearth (lower) surface of the furnace allows you to use the calorific value of the hearth of the furnace to heat the air passing between the metal partition and the foundation of the furnace and entering the outside of the building through the duct. The direction of air movement is provided by the operation of the furnace. The air required to burn fuel in a sauna stove is sucked into the cellar from the underground. In its place, through the openings in the floor, air enters from the room of the steam bath, where, in turn, heated, clean atmospheric air enters through the duct passing under the hearth of the furnace.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

отсутствие элементов поддержания базового влажностного фона в парильном помещении без частой подачи воды на каменку,

the lack of elements to maintain the basic humidity background in the steam room without frequent water supply to the heater,

проблематичное удаление жидкостей (воды и пота) с полока из сплошного настила при проведении банных процедур и обливаниями лежащего человека,

problematic removal of liquids (water and sweat) from a shelf from a continuous floor during bathing procedures and pouring on a lying person,

зависимость регулировки вытяжки при воздухообмене с интенсивностью горения в печи,

the dependence of the adjustment of the hood during air exchange with the intensity of combustion in the furnace,

отсутствие водоудаления с пола парильного отделения,

lack of water removal from the floor of the steam room,

отсутствие зоны безопасности для человека у горячих стенок печи,

lack of a safety zone for a person near the hot walls of the furnace,

неудобства использования полоков (трех ярусов полоков для парения лежащего человека на верхнем полоке стоящим рядом парильщиком из-за находящихся спереди двух иных ярусов полока,

inconvenience of using shelves (three tiers of shelves for hovering a person lying on the upper shelf by a nearby steam worker due to two other tiers of the shelf in front,

отсутствует гарантированная подача свежего воздуха в зону дыхания человека во время бани из-за подачи свежего воздуха ниже зоны дыхания внизу,

there is no guaranteed supply of fresh air to the person’s breathing zone during the bath due to the supply of fresh air below the breathing zone below,

перемешивание свежего подогретого воздуха с отработанным воздухом около пола,

mixing fresh heated air with exhaust air near the floor,

отсутствия описания возможности обогащений фито- арома-веществами поступающего воздуха,

the lack of a description of the possibility of enrichment with phytoaroma substances in the incoming air,

наличие застойных зон пара и воздуха в верхних углах помещения,

the presence of stagnant zones of steam and air in the upper corners of the room,

не гарантирована возможность получения, поддержания и управления благоприятными режимами бани.

the possibility of obtaining, maintaining and managing favorable bath regimes is not guaranteed.

From the known prior art there is no known popularity of the influence provided by the essential features of technical solutions to achieve the specified technical result. The claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step". In the totality of the technical solutions used, the invention is new.

The main objective, the solution of which the claimed technical solution is directed, is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art to obtain and maintain favorable for a person bath modes, as well as safe and convenient management.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to increase the safety, convenience and pleasantness of the operation of the bath. The technical result is achieved by obtaining and maintaining favorable for the person microclimate regimes of the bath and safe and convenient control of them, as well as organizing convenient and safe elements of the bath, such as shelves, stove, benches, walkways, doors, etc.

The task and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the cleaning and health bath contains a floor (Fig. 1), a furnace (2), opposite which there are shelves (3), an air exchange system, characterized in that there is a threshold under the door in the treatment area ( 4), a door (5), water drainage from the floor through a gangway with a water lock (6), floor pouring gratings-flooring (7) equal to the threshold height, a ceiling with beveled or rounded corners (8) to direct the vapor mixture and reduce unused ceiling volume of the room, a humidifier tank with hot non-boiling water (9) with an adjustment cover (10), while the floor has slopes towards the drainage system. A variant of the treatment area of the health-improving bath is shown in FIG. 1, where FIG. 1 (a) is a side view, FIG. 1 (b) is a top view, FIG. 1 (c) is a cross-sectional view of the treatment area.

A threshold in the treatment area is necessary so that the pouring water during pouring does not get into adjacent rooms. Recommended minimum threshold height (4) 70 mm.

The height of the floor pouring wooden grating-flooring (7) is determined by the height of the threshold under the door. The equal height of the threshold under the door and the floor pouring gratings of the flooring allows you not to focus on the walking person - you do not need to look under your feet so as not to trip over the threshold. For greater comfort when walking on floor pouring gratings, flooring, it is recommended to make the surface of wooden battens. For the convenience of cleaning the floor, floor pouring gratings should be made of flooring with small shields, each of which can conveniently raise and push people away. Floor strait wooden floor gratings are necessary to prevent stepping on a slippery and relatively cold floor, leveling the ledge of the threshold under the door, not standing with your feet in bathing water flowing down the floor, damping spray from falling water during pouring, leveling the stove (22) to ambient temperature in the bath, for example, incoming fresh air (18) at the outlet of the inflow channel (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, (12) ending at the horizontal edge of the furnace (13, 14) has a temperature of 30 ° C (Fig. 2 , (19), convection flows from the furnace’s heat generation (22) pick up fresh air warming up to 38 ° С, and the humidifier tank (9) enriching it with steam (23) raises air humidity and temperature to 40-45 ° С. Implementation of supply air heating it is possible both using electric heaters with automatic control of the incoming air temperature and the temperature in the steam room, as well as heating from the walls of the furnace, or other heating devices.

Heated fresh air along with the descending air is sucked in (24) to the wall above the stove due to convective flows (22) arising from the heated horizontal part of the stove (13). When using phyto- and aromatherapy, a bath with essential oil or another evaporating liquid is installed on a horizontal surface at the outlet of the heated fresh air (14). To ensure that a person is guaranteed to be in the circulation of air-steam flows forming a microclimate in the bath, it should be taken into account that the horizontal heated part of the furnace (13) is lower than the shelves (3). Fresh heated air (19) picks up vapor (20) and enriches with the necessary substances, and then enters the human breathing zone (25). Due to the near-half hood (15), the lower layer of the steam cake (26) falls slightly below the horizontal part of the furnace (13). Thus, fresh moistened heated air, enriched with the phyto- and aromatic substances used, is guaranteed to fall into the human breathing zone on the shelf.

With this air exchange, the low floor temperature does not play a negative role in the indoor climate and the person standing next to the shelf in the legs does not feel cold from the floor, as the heat drops to the level of the hood: the feet are in lowering heat, which at the level of the gratings is about 25 ° FROM.

In the case of using a batch furnace with a chimney made of stainless steel or ceramic after lighting and closing the dampers, it is allowed to use the chimney as an exhaust ventilation duct (27) if there is a separate outlet / hole (15) located below or underground, or as close as possible to the floor. In the case of using a continuous furnace, it is allowed to use it as an exhaust channel, provided that the intake of air from the bottom of the room is as close to the floor as possible. In the case of using an exhaust duct with artificial induction (fan), the fan is installed only in the exhaust duct. The hood can be made using a thin-walled metal or plastic channel (27) located indoors. In this case, the intensity of natural extraction will depend on the draft in the channel, which depends on the heating temperature of the channel and the temperature of the air in the bath. The flow of fresh heated air is carried out and regulated due to the discharge in the room arising from the hood.

The flows of the vapor-air mixture during steam generation (Fig. 2, (28), consisting of steam and fresh heated air, are lowered from top to down on a person lying on the shelf, due to the direction of flow with the geometry of the ceiling with beveled or rounded corners (Fig. 1 (8) for directions of the vapor-air mixture and exhaust ventilation at the near-floor space from the air in the established microclimate modes.

A humidifier tank with non-boiling hot water (Fig. 1, (9) and a lid (10) is necessary to maintain the set humidity (humidity) of the bath microclimate without steam generation, for example, from stone feeds. Adjustment should be carried out promptly and controlled until the humidification stops completely In order to comply with these conditions, the humidifier tank must not have excessive pressure due to boiling water. Humidification is controlled by the degree of opening the lid of the humidifier tank with hot non-boiling water. In addition to humidification, the humidifier tank with hot water can be used to produce hot water for conducting bath procedures and water supply to the stones.

The temperature is controlled by changing the intensity of the furnace’s heat generation, for example, the degree of opening of the heater doors (Fig. 1, (16), adjusting the humidity background by the degree of opening the cover (10) of the humidifier tank (9), as well as manually increasing the humidity by steam generation, for example, evaporation of water from hot stones heaters in a furnace or controlled by steam generation.

Steam generation is a manual means of increasing humidity. For the safety of the use of steam generation, for example, evaporation of water from hot stones of a heater in a furnace, it is necessary to exclude the escape of steam towards a person. For a person standing next to the furnace and supplying water to the hot stones for steam generation, the safe direction of steam release will be the direction vertically upwards. In a compartment with beveled or rounded corners of the ceiling, the steam received during steam generation will go around a standing person without scalding it, will go to the shelves, and part of the steam will be at the top of the room under the ceiling to form a steam cake.

The temperature in the bathhouse is controlled by the intensity of the heat generation, for example, the degree of opening of horizontally lying doors that cover the hot stove of the furnace, or by a heat generator controlled by the heating of the environment.

It is important that the heat generation and steam generation are quickly controlled, without a long wait for the change of operating modes, to switch the bath modes and the safety of people in the bath.

To ensure that a person is guaranteed to be in the circulation of air-steam flows, forming a microclimate in the bath, it should be taken into account that the horizontal heated part of the furnace (Fig. 1, (13) is lower than the shelves (3).

The furnace and the humidifier tank with hot non-boiling water can be replaced by devices of similar functionality, for example, heat generators with control of heat generation, steam generators with control of steam generation, humidifiers with control of the intensity of humidification, while the direction of steam output and heat generation is vertically upward, the plane of steam exit and the heat is below the horizontal plane of the shelf, the humidification device humidifies the convective flows of fresh air from the supply ventilation, the steam generation and humidification are adjusted to their complete absence, and around the hot surfaces of the devices there is a safety zone for a person or a screen.

As a stove, a wood-burning stove can be used, for example, the well-known periodic brick Ramunas sauna stove (publ. URL: http://www.mirkis.sitecity.ru/ltext_2101194552.phtml?p_ident=ltext_2101194552.p_2309135557), a solid, liquid stove, gaseous fuel or electricity with a heater or with a steam generation system (for example, Maslov’s fire generator) with a horizontal plane for the steam to exit vertically upward, not exceeding the height of the shelf. As a safety zone along a hot surface, a bench can be installed (Fig. 1, 17) with buckets, steamers and bath accessories, which will protect a person from contact with hot surfaces. Recommended bench width 300 mm.

Adjusting the humidity background, steam generation and the intensity of the heat generation — heating the air and thermal radiation — allow you to quickly obtain and maintain the necessary favorable microclimate conditions during the bath.

A distinctive feature of the solution is the finding of a person lying on a shelf in a favorable microclimate in a stream of a constantly descending steam-air mixture consisting of fresh heated air, convective flows from the furnace, humidity from the humidifier tank, steam from the furnace, controlled and supported by a combination of technical solutions of the invention. Steam-air mixture flows during steam generation, consisting of steam and fresh heated air, are lowered down from above to a person lying on a shelf, due to the direction of flow with the geometry of the ceiling with beveled or rounded corners to direct the steam-air mixture and exhaust ventilation at a near-floor space.

The combination of technical solutions of the invention allows to obtain wider modes than the favorable bath modes described by the authors, so the use of the invention can be used in baths where other microclimate modes are required.

Air circulation, bath modes and the solutions described by the authors are tested, tested and confirmed experimentally in the bath built by the authors.

Pouring, soap and hygiene procedures, and pelletizing takes place in a steam bath, where there is a sufficient distance between the stove and the shelf. Pouring to remove overheating takes place in the bathhouse - on a shelf or in the aisle, on the street, and also to remove overheating, a person can plunge into a font, ice hole or pool with cool or cold water.

The recommended bath scheme proposed by the authors consists of four functional zones in FIG. 3:

процедурная зона (29)

treatment area (29)

зона отдыха (30)

recreation area (30)

техническая зона (31)

technical area (31)

транзитная зона. (32)

transit zone. (32)

The minimum dimensions of the recommended bath scheme of the four functional zones are 5500 × 5500 mm.

В процедурную зону, могут входить парная и моечная, так как в парилке проводятся такие банные процедуры как парение, а в моечной такие банные процедуры как омовение. В частности, может быть совмещенная парная с моечной, если банный процесс предполагает возможность реализации банных процедур в совмещенном помещении и имеется возможность в первую очередь зависящая от печи оперативно переключать режимы между процедурами парной и моечной. Рекомендуемые авторами размеры процедурной зоны 3400×3150 мм.

The steam room and the washing room may enter the treatment area, since such steam bathing procedures as steam bathing are carried out in the steam room, and such bathing procedures as washing are carried out in the washing room. In particular, there may be a combined steam room with a washing one, if the bath process involves the possibility of implementing bath procedures in a combined room and there is the possibility, first of all, depending on the furnace, to quickly switch between the steam and washing procedures. Recommended by the authors, the size of the treatment area is 3400 × 3150 mm.

Зона отдыха - это зона, где человек отдыхает между банными процедурами, например предбанник, раздевалка. Она может быть совмещена с функцией раздевалки как предбанник, а может быть отдельным помещением или помещениями с сопутствующей инфраструктурой. В зоне отдыха должна быть предусмотрена инфраструктура для чаепития, возможность посидеть и полежать, провести процедуры, способствующие расслаблению, например массаж.

Rest zone is a zone where a person rests between bath procedures, for example a dressing room, a locker room. It can be combined with the locker room function as a dressing room, or it can be a separate room or rooms with associated infrastructure. In the recreation area should be provided infrastructure for tea drinking, the ability to sit and lie down, to carry out procedures that promote relaxation, such as massage.

Техническая зона не обязательна в бане, но нужна для улучшения удобства пользования баней. Сюда могут входить туалет, дровница, хранилище вещей и принадлежностей для бани (например, запасных полотенец).

The technical area is not required in the bath, but is needed to improve the usability of the bath. This may include a toilet, a firewood, and storage for bath items and accessories (e.g., extra towels).

Транзитная зона - коридор - зона из которой можно попасть в любую иную функциональную зону. Транзитной зона называется так по той причине того, что люди в ней не задерживаются, используя как транзит между иными зонами. Транзитная зона необходима, того, чтобы люди из парной не проходили в зону отдыха сразу, так как с людьми из парной выходит много влаги, излишней и мешающей приятности нахождения людей в зоне отдыха, а перемещения в транзитной зоне не создают неудобств и напряжений находящимся в иных зонах. В транзитной зоне бани следует предусмотреть утилизацию излишней влаги, например вытяжной вентиляцией, осушителем или открытым дверным проемом на улицу во время бани, позволяющим беспрепятственно выйти влаге выносимой из парной на улицу. Таким образом пропадают проблемы беспокойства людей и утилизации влаги. Проход из парной на улицу через транзитную зону должен быть с минимумом поворотов и дверей. Также транзитная зона с уличным воздухом позволяет дать контраст ощущений: выходя из парилки человек хочет прохлады и свежести и получает ее сразу за дверью парилки, что также повышает безопасность - когда человеку хочется выйти из теплой или жаркой парной, он получает уличную свежесть и прохладу сразу за дверью парной. По пути человека из парная-улица все двери должны открываться от себя в ту же сторону, а путь из функциональной зоны в иную функциональную зону должен быть с минимальным количеством поворотов и дверей.

Transit zone - corridor - zone from which you can get into any other functional zone. The transit zone is so called for the reason that people in it do not linger, using as transit between other zones. The transit zone is necessary so that people from the steam room do not go into the recreation area immediately, since a lot of moisture comes out of the steam room, which is unnecessary and interferes with the pleasantness of people in the recreation area, and movements in the transit zone do not create inconvenience and stress to others areas. In the transit zone of the bath, it is necessary to provide for the disposal of excess moisture, for example, exhaust ventilation, a dehumidifier or an open doorway to the street during the bath, which allows moisture to freely pass from the steam room to the street. Thus, the problems of people's anxiety and moisture utilization disappear. The passage from the steam room to the street through the transit zone should be with a minimum of turns and doors. Also, the transit zone with street air allows you to give a contrast of sensations: when leaving a steam room, a person wants coolness and freshness and gets it right outside the steam room door, which also increases safety - when a person wants to leave a warm or hot steam room, he gets street freshness and coolness immediately after steam room door. On the way of a person from the steam room-street, all doors should open from themselves in the same direction, and the path from the functional zone to another functional zone should be with a minimum number of turns and doors.

In FIG. 4 shows the location of the bath elements recommended by the authors with the recommended sizes.

The recreation area contains sun loungers (33) with head restraints (34), a table (35), a bench forming a safety zone for a person to pass near the hot walls of the furnace (36), a stove directed by both sides into the room (2), seats near the table (37). The acute angles of the bath element are rounded to ensure that a person is safely in the bath. In the technical area there is a toilet (38). The width of the loungers is determined by analogy with the determination of the width of the shelves, so in the recommended location the width of a single lounger is 900 mm, and the width of a double lounger is 1200 mm. The length of the table coincides with the width of a double bed, and the width is about 900 mm. Seats (37) near the table are extensions of sunbeds, being at the same height with them.

In the recommended use, the front of the furnace (2) is located in the relaxation area (Fig. 3, (30), and the back, together with the tank and the heater, is in the treatment room (Fig. 3, (29). This solution allows you to simultaneously heat both the treatment area as well as the relaxation area of the bathhouse. The full arrangement of the furnace in the treatment room is allowed.

The presence of a reserve of heat from the furnace and working supply and exhaust ventilation provide drying of the treatment area after the bath.

Soft diffused light contributes to the psychological relaxation of a person in the bath. The presence of alternating current electricity in the room of the steam bath reduces the safety for humans, therefore it is recommended to light the steam bath indirectly through light-transmitting diffuser structures located in internal partitions from soft light sources in other rooms, or use natural light. The window in the treatment area is intended only for natural lighting. The window should be located 30-35 cm above the shelf so that the body of the person lying on the shelf is not visible from the side of the street. It is desirable that scattered light fall through it, for example, the use of embossed glass, then the light spreads more evenly and there will be no pronounced shadows in the bath. Lighting by a light source from other rooms of the bathhouse, for example, a relaxation room, is carried out through glass blocks or other light-transmitting structures.

Bath decoration materials do not significantly affect the microclimate, differing in the emission of thermal radiation, which gives different intensities of infrared radiation per person from heated surfaces. Recommended materials for shelves - wood, stone, ceramics, for floor pouring gratings - wood, for walls and ceiling - wood, stone, ceramics, clay, for inclined surfaces above the stove - metal, stone, ceramics, clay, for fine finishing of the floor - ceramics, stone, concrete, for the furnace - ceramics, brick, clay, stone, for the exhaust ventilation duct - stainless steel, if it is exposed to high temperatures, or plastic, for the ventilation duct brick, plastic, stainless steel.

The applicants tested the sample of the proposed steam bath, which confirmed the efficiency and correct operation of the technical solutions of the invention.

The use of the bath is divided into visits to the treatment area and rest between calls in the recreation area or on the street.

In the field of favorable bath regimes in the claimed invention, the authors distinguish:

1. Washing mode - temperature 33-40 ° C, low humidity - the dominance of evaporation over condensation from the surface of the human body. Obtaining a washing regime is achieved by closing the heater and the lid of the humidifier tank.

2. Steam mode - temperature 40-45 ° C, humidity, the dominance of condensation over the evaporation of the surface of the human body, dew point temperature 36-38 ° C. Getting the steam room mode is achieved by opening the door of the heater (increasing the heat generation) and the lid of the humidifier tank, as well as additional steam generation, for example by supplying water to the stones.

The use of the bath is divided into visits to the treatment area and rest between calls in the recreation area.

First run

It is necessary for soaking the skin for the purpose of subsequent cleansing. It is carried out in the light steam room mode (temperature on the shelf - 40 ° С, dew point temperature 36 ° С).

The first 3-5 minutes a person is in a microclimate of warm air, feeling pleasant warmth (without excessive unpleasant heat).

After acclimatization (with an increase in the surface temperature of the human body) to the environment, accompanied by a subjective sensation of a decrease in the thermal effect on the human body, in order to increase the thermal effect, the dew point temperature is increased by increasing humidity by steam generation, for example, by evaporating water from hot stones, until the person feels good pleasant heat. In such an atmosphere, about 5-7 minutes pass. If you experience a subjective sensation of itching and a desire to scratch your wet skin, make it comb with bath brooms. If a person has a desire to reduce the thermal effect, it is necessary to close the lid of the humidifier tank, while the sensation of heat will be replaced by a feeling of light coolness, thanks to the warm, dry air drying and cooling the wet heated surface of the body. At the end of the first run, pour hot water (about 25-30 ° C) into water to remove heat. At first thoughts, freshen up and leave the steam room to perform douche and leave the steam room ahead of schedule.

Procedures in the first call:

Primary warming up - about 3-5 minutes

The main warm-up is about 5-7 minutes

Brushing with brooms - about 3-5 minutes

The remaining time (removal of heat and dousing) is 1-2 minutes.

After sunset, a person rests in a recreation area.

Second run

The washing mode is set. After moisturizing the surface of the skin, soap and soap or salt procedures are performed. Soap and soap bath procedures are rubbing moist skin with finely sifted wood ash, possibly with the addition of a microbiological probiotic concentrate of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Salt procedures are rubbing moist skin with salt. A person scratches himself with a palm in places where itching occurs and is in this state until the first desire to freshen up. At the end of the second approach, water is poured with a pleasant temperature, washing off the applied funds (washing).

Procedures in the second call:

Primary warming-up - 2-3 minutes.

Salt or soap procedures and soap baths - 5-10 minutes.

The remaining time (washing and dousing) is 3-5 minutes.

Third run.

Soaring in steam room mode.

In the third approach, the steam room mode is set (tank and heater are open). On the first soaring, steam is added a little by steam generation (water supply to the stones). Soaring is carried out using brooms, including the ability to place a broom soaked in cool water under or on the face, depending on the position of the body to obtain a feeling of freshness and pleasant coolness. When hovering, brooms always move tangentially relative to the human body. After one or two minutes, the skin warms up and there is an increase in humidity by steam generation. Adjustment of steam generation is carried out only at the request and sensations of a person. Soaring continues until you want to freshen up. To remove the overheating, the brooms are lowered into cool water and a person is drenched in cool from brooms from head to toe. Soaring with brooms continues. The procedure ends with the achievement of a subjective sensation of a warmed-up inside. In this state of “sufficient heating”, it is necessary to cool by immersing briefly in an ice-hole / snow or dousing with cold water.

After cooling, the fourth entry into the steam room immediately begins. At first, a person can lie on a shelf, enjoying the sensations accompanying intense condensation on a chilled surface of the body. Due to the increase in the intensity of condensation with a lower body temperature, skin soaking is more effective. Soaring with brooms continues. The second time diving into the hole / snow is longer or the dousing with cold water from the head is longer.

The cycles described from the third to the fourth run are repeated as many times as necessary for a person to achieve a state of purity of his body. Soaring is carried out until there is an "itch" on the skin reflecting the soaking of surface contaminants. After that, you can soar if there is a desire of a person. From the outside, the cleanliness can be checked by drawing a broom pressed to the wet skin: if there is a crack / creak, then this place is clean and does not need to soar, and if it does not creak, it is required to be paired at this place. After steaming, dousing is carried out either directly in the steam room or on the street, or dipping in a font, ice hole or pool with cool or cold water.

At the end of the bath, a washing regime is established for washing the hair and performing hygienic procedures.

The bath can create other microclimate modes that are optimal for other bath and spa procedures, such as soap massage, etc.

The healing effect of the bath is achieved by soaking and cleansing the upper parts of the respiratory tract, increasing metabolic rate, cleansing the surface of the human body from surface contaminations, inhalation of drugs from phytoaromatherapy in an enriched stream of fresh air, and preventing the development of pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of the body when using microbiological probiotic concentrate during soap and water, as well as soaring.

Claims (5)

1. A cleaning and health bath containing a floor, an oven opposite which shelves are located, an air exchange system, a door, characterized in that the openings of the exhaust ventilation ducts are located at the bottom as close to the floor as possible, the air outlet openings of the supply ducts or pockets are located at the height of the horizontal edges of the housing furnaces with heating the air to ambient temperature, while the air exchange rate is determined by the draft of the exhaust duct and there are no convectors for re-circulation and heating of air from the bottom of the room, there is a threshold under the door, the floor has slopes towards the drainage system to the water-drain ladder, and floor passages are installed on the floor lattices, flooring with a height equal to the threshold of the door threshold, optimal shelving parameters, ceiling height, door height are determined by the physiological parameters of a person, single-tier shelves, torrential, equal to the first joint of the phalanx of the index finger, standing on the floor aka, averaged 800 mm from the floor pouring grates, for a single shelf the width is equal to twice the distance from the tip of the longest finger to the elbow, averaged 900 mm, and the minimum length is the sum of the height of the person and the length of his foot, averaged 2100 mm, for a double shelf the width one third more than the width of a single, averaged 1200 mm, and the minimum length per meter is longer than the length of a single shelf, a protruding step is located under the shelves, protruding outward from 70 to 100 mm, with a width equal to the length of a person’s foot, but not less than 200 mm, lower than the height of the shelf by a distance equal to the length of a person’s foot from the heel to the knee, averaged 450 mm, a ceiling of a height equal to the distance from the floor to the index finger of a straight upright person standing on the pouring gratings, averaging 400 mm above the head or 2500 mm from the floor, with beveled or with rounded corners, a humidifier tank with hot non-boiling water with an adjustment cover is installed in sufficient proximity to the openings you supply ducts for humidification of fresh heated air flows, the steam outlet and the heat generation are directed vertically upward, the steam and heat exit plane is below the horizontal plane of the shelf, around the hot surfaces of the appliances there is a safety zone for a person or a screen, a change in the intensity of the furnace’s heat generation, the degree of opening of the heater doors , regulates the temperature of the bath, the degree of opening of the adjusting cover of the humidifier tank - regulates the humidity background of the bath until the humidification stops completely, manually changes the humidity, evaporates water from the hot stones of the heater in the furnace, - regulates humidity by steam generation. 2. The cleaning and health bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the shelves have a stop for self-evaporation of legs with a width of at least 80 mm at a height below the shelf level of more than 25 mm and not lower than the level of the shelf level. 3. The cleaning and health bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the door from the threshold is at least 1900 mm averaged. 4. The cleaning and health bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace and the humidifier tank with non-boiling hot water can be replaced with devices of similar functionality, for example, heat generators with heat management, steam generators with steam management, humidifiers with control of the intensity of humidification . 5. The cleaning and health bath according to claim 1, characterized in that on the edge of the furnace body near the air outlet of the supply ducts or pockets there is a plane for using flavoring agents in containers during phytoaromatherapy.

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