RU104550U1 - CONSTRUCTION BUILDING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to construction and can be used in the manufacture of building materials. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to improve the technical characteristics of building elements, reducing the cost of their manufacture. This technical result is achieved in that a building element having the shape of a parallelepiped made of closed-cell foam glass, made by foaming a mixture containing glass, foamed, followed by cooling and annealing, the foam glass pores having a closed loop, according to a utility model, the mixture contains as glass ground glass break, as well as talc with the following ratio of components: Talc 2-8 Glass The rest, and the foaming temperature of the charge 720-780 ° C. Moreover, the mixture may additionally contain metal compounds as a mineral dye in an amount of 0.1-5 wt.% From a mixture of talc and glass. In this case, the building element can be made with dimensions of 250 × 125 × 60 mm

Description

The utility model relates to construction and can be used in the manufacture of building materials.

Known building elements in the form of blocks of foam glass used as a facing material and much less often in the construction of building structures.

So, from the patent for invention No. 2265582, a block is known whose geometric shape may be different, and which could be used as a building element from foam glass obtained from dispersed recycled foam cullet. The porosity of such a building block is 0.35-0.55. Blocks made by this method can withstand mechanical loads of at least 7 kg / cm2. However, the moisture absorption of this block is 10%, which is a consequence of the insufficient closure of the pore contour. Such high moisture absorption sharply narrows the scope of glass blocks.

From patent No. 2187473, a building element is known in the form of a block of foam glass, which is able to withstand mechanical loads of at least 0.5 kg / cm ² . It is also made of material - glass with pores formed by a foamed dispersed cullet, with the addition of sodium liquid glass; 0.2-1.5 active soot with a specific surface area of 75-150 m2 / g; 0.5-1.5 sodium sulfate; 0.6-12.0 active silica; 0.2-5.0 boron oxide. The water absorption of this block glass is about 3.0%, which is also quite high and negatively affects its operational properties.

The closest technical solution to the claimed utility model is a building element (structural building element), having the shape of a parallelepiped made of foam glass material, with pores formed by partitions of a material containing glass, and the pores have a closed loop (RU 94249 U1, IPC ⁸ E04C 1/42).

Its disadvantages are also low characteristics of water absorption, strength, density, in addition, the foaming temperature in the manufacture of such a building element is also higher than 800 ° C. This worsens the safety conditions and complicates the manufacturing process, as it requires sophisticated equipment.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to improve the aforementioned technical characteristics of a building element - strength, density, frost resistance, thermal conductivity, simplifying manufacturing, improving safety and manufacturing of the building element.

This technical result is achieved in that in a structural building element having the shape of a parallelepiped made of foam glass with closed-loop pores formed by partitions of a material containing glass, characterized in that the pore walls are made of material additionally containing talc in the following ratio of components, in mass%:

Talc 2-8 Glass Rest.

In this case, the pore walls can be made of a material additionally containing metal compounds as a mineral dye in an amount of 0.1-5 wt.% From a mixture of talc and glass.

In this case, the structural building element can be made with dimensions of 250 × 125 × 60 mm.

The device is illustrated by the figure of figure 1, which shows a structural building block in section.

The numbers indicate the following positions: 1 - a structural building element having the shape of a parallelepiped, 2 - pores with partitions formed in the building element. It is also known that “Foam glass is a highly porous material consisting of air cellular pores separated by partitions of a vitreous substance” (see Popova VV Materials for heat-insulating and waterproofing works. - M.: Higher School, 1988).

Structural building element is made as follows. A thinly ground mixture with a specific surface> 400 m ² / kg containing glass (92-98%) of the total mass and talc (GOST 21234-75) in an amount of 2-8% of the total mass is prepared from a container or window fight of glass. An increase in the amount of talc in the charge of more than 8% leads to an unjustified consumption of talc, since the required properties do not improve, and the cost of foam glass increases, a decrease in its amount less than 2% leads to a decrease in pore formation, which negatively affects the technical characteristics of the product. A mixture containing thoroughly mixed powders of glass and talc is metered into a closed metal form (in the form of a parallelepiped) of alloy steel, which is fed into the furnace, for example, of a tunnel type or periodic operation. Within 1-1.5 hours, heating is carried out from room temperature to (720-780 ° C) and foaming (aging) at this temperature for (10-30 minutes). After foaming, the foam glass is rapidly cooled to temperatures of 500-600 ° C for 3-10 minutes, freezing the resulting cellular structure. At these temperatures, the foam glass products are removed from the mold and sent to annealing in a tunnel type furnace. To facilitate the extraction of foam glass products, molds with collapsible walls are used.

Using the mold to obtain a product from foam glass, which is made with (collapsible) walls, it is possible to obtain building elements from foam glass with predetermined geometric dimensions. The surface of the product in this case has a vitrified surface, and the product has increased strength.

The annealing furnace for the device is similar to a foaming furnace. After the annealing furnace, the foamglass blocks are removed from the molds, packaged and sent to the warehouse. The molds are brushed with a metal brush and an inorganic protective coating is applied to the inner surface to prevent the adhesion of molten glass. After coating, the molds are dried, filled with a charge and the foaming cycle - annealing is repeated again. It is possible to obtain colored products. For this, metal compounds are added to the mixture of glass and talc with their stirring as a mineral dye in an amount of 0.5 (0.1) -5 wt.% Of the mixture. It can be cobalt oxide GOST 18671-73, copper oxide TU 6-09-02-381-85, titanium dioxide GOST 9808-84, manganese dioxide GOST 25823-83, manganese oxide GOST 4470-79, chromium oxide GOST 2912-79 (TU 6-09-4272-84), GOST 4173-77 iron oxide (TU 6-09-5346-87), GOST 2912-79 iron oxide, cadmium sulfide GOST 2912-79 (TU 6-09-02-551 -95).

Talc has a finer dispersed structure than ground glass. When mixing, particles of a larger fraction (glass) seem to form a skeleton, the voids of which are filled with particles of a small fraction (talc). Upon heating and reaching a temperature of 600 ° C, the particles of glass begin to stick together with each other, forming pores filled with talc and air. It is known that talc belongs to the group of montmorillonite, as a result of which it has a sheet crystal lattice (W. Warrell “Clays and Ceramic Raw Materials” translated from English. Edited by Dr. Geol.-Min. Science V.P. Petrova, Publishing House “Mir” ", M, 1978, p. 42-44). In the minerals of this group, individual crystals consist of many single complex layers (packets). These complex packets are adjacent to each other by siliceous sheets, there are no hydroxyl bonds between them and they are held together only by the van der Waals forces, which are easily broken. Water located in the interlayer positions evaporates already at a temperature of 150-300 ° C, however, water inside the crystal lattice can begin to evaporate only with a further increase in temperature even after the formation of pores by the adhesion of glass particles. It is known that, with closed porosity, water evaporates in the pores, forming high pressure microzones (V.I. Nazarov, R.G. Melkonyan, V.G. Kalygin, “Technique of compaction of glass blends”, M, Legprombytizdat, 1985). Pores under the influence of such pressure expand, as a result of which the glass swells. During cooling (freezing) of the expanded glass, the pores remain of the same expanded size. The oxides contained in talc are distributed along the surface of the pores, that is, on the surface of the partitions, strengthening them.

Examples of the manufacture of a building element.

Example 1. 1000 g (92 wt.%) Of battle powder of window or bottle glass or a mixture thereof were mixed with 86.9 g (8 wt.%) Of talc powder (Mg ₃ Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ ) for the ceramic industry ( GOST 21234-75), ground to a specific glass surface of 600 m ² / kg. The mixture was poured into a metal mold with dimensions of 250 × 125 × 60 mm and sent to a batch foaming oven. The heating time of the furnace to a temperature of 720 ° C 1 hour 10 minutes In the interval between the foaming and annealing furnaces, the foam block was cooled to 600 ° C for 5 min, after which the mold locks were opened for 10-30 s, and the mold itself was sent to the annealing furnace. Annealing in the temperature range 550 ± 50 ° С was carried out at a rate of 1.2 ° С / min. The technological parameters of the resulting building element of foam glass are given in the table.

Example 2. 1000 g (98 wt.%) Of window or bottle glass breakdown powder or a mixture thereof was mixed with 20.4 g (2 wt.%) Of talc powder (Mg ₃ Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ ) for the ceramic industry ( GOST 21234-75), ground to a specific glass surface of 600 m ² / kg. The mixture was poured into a metal mold with dimensions of 250 × 125 × 60 mm and sent to a batch foaming oven. The heating time of the furnace to a temperature of 780 ° C 1 hour 10 minutes In the interval between the foaming and annealing furnaces, the foam block was cooled to 650 ° C for 5 min, after which the mold locks were opened for 10-30 s, and the mold itself was sent to the annealing furnace. Annealing in the temperature range 550 ± 50 ° С was carried out at a rate of 1.2 ° С / min. The technological parameters of the resulting building element are given in the table.

Example 3. 1200 g (99.5 wt.%) Of glass and talc breakdown were mixed and 6 g of mineral dye (chromium oxide - GOST 2912-79) (0.5 wt.%), Ground to a specific surface of 600 m ² / kg . The mixture was poured into a metal mold with dimensions of 250 × 125 × 60 mm and sent to a foaming oven. The heating time of the furnace to a foaming temperature of 1 hour 10 minutes The foaming time at 720 ° C. corresponded to 25 minutes. In the interval between the foaming and annealing furnaces, the foam block was cooled to 620 ° C for 5 min, after which the mold locks were opened for 10-30 s, and the mold itself was sent to the annealing furnace. Annealing in the temperature range 550 ± 50 ° С was carried out at a rate of 1.2 ° С / min. The result was a structural building element in light green.

Example 4. Mixed, as in example 3 1200 g ((95 wt.%) Glass and talc breakdown and 62.5 g of mineral dye (copper oxide - TU 6-09-02-381-85) (5 wt.%) The mixture was poured into a metal mold with dimensions 250 × 125 × 60 mm and sent to a foaming furnace, the heating time of the furnace to a foaming temperature of 1 hour 10 minutes, the Foaming time at 780 ° C corresponded to 25 minutes, in the interval between the foaming and annealing furnaces for The foam block was cooled to 620 ° C for 5 min, after which the mold locks were opened for 10-30 s, and the mold itself was sent to an annealing furnace. 550 ± 50 ° С was conducted at a rate of 1.2 ° С / min, and a structural building element in dark green was obtained.

Due to the somewhat increased density, the resulting element can be used as a structural element in construction, for example, for masonry walls.

No. p / p The name of indicators Test results for a series of samples: Technical Requirements according to TU 21 002-2009 for grades: D300 D400 D500 The results of the testing of samples of the prototype Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 one Tensile strength under compression, GOST 10180-90, MPa 7.91 2.86 3.76 2.5 --- 4.5
6.0 0.9-1.4 2 Bending Strength, MPa 4.70 1.81 2,37 0.7 - 3 Water absorption by volume,%, no more 0.8 4.8 4.0 Not more than 5 28-40 four The average density of 12730.1-78, kg / m ³ 560 350 480 301-404
501-350
500-600 190-210 5 Frost resistance, GOST 25485-89 (tests are ongoing) F35 F35 F35 F50 F20 6 Thermal conductivity in the dry state, W / mK,
GOST 7076-99 0.11 0.08 0.10 0.83 0.10
0.11 0,076-0,085

An admixture of dye practically does not affect the technical characteristics; therefore, Example 4 is not shown in the table. The table shows that the building element obtained by the claimed method is superior to the building element of the prototype in such indicators as tensile strength, water absorption, frost resistance, but inferior in thermal conductivity and density. For its manufacture, elevated temperatures are not required, and therefore, the safety conditions are improved in the manufacture of a structural building element, the equipment used is simplified, and therefore, the manufacturing process of the element is simplified.

Claims (3)

1. Structural building element in the form of a parallelepiped made of foam glass with closed-loop pores formed by partitions of a material containing glass, characterized in that the pore walls are made of a material additionally containing talc, in the following ratio, wt.%: Talc 2-8 Glass Rest 2. The structural building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the pore walls are made of a material additionally containing metal compounds as a mineral dye in an amount of 0.1-5 wt.% From a mixture of talc and glass. 3. The structural building element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with dimensions of 250 × 125 × 60 mm