PT99407B - Processo para a producao de estruturas absorventes adequadas para produtos absorventes descartaveis que compreendem um nucleo fibroso super-absorvente e uma camada exterior hidrofoba integral com ele - Google Patents

Processo para a producao de estruturas absorventes adequadas para produtos absorventes descartaveis que compreendem um nucleo fibroso super-absorvente e uma camada exterior hidrofoba integral com ele Download PDF

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Publication number
PT99407B
PT99407B PT99407A PT9940791A PT99407B PT 99407 B PT99407 B PT 99407B PT 99407 A PT99407 A PT 99407A PT 9940791 A PT9940791 A PT 9940791A PT 99407 B PT99407 B PT 99407B
Authority
PT
Portugal
Prior art keywords
fibers
absorbent
structures
superabsorbent
thermoplastic
Prior art date
Application number
PT99407A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
PT99407A (pt
Inventor
Nicholas Albert Ahr
David Mark Ooten
Original Assignee
Procter & Gamble
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter & Gamble filed Critical Procter & Gamble
Publication of PT99407A publication Critical patent/PT99407A/pt
Publication of PT99407B publication Critical patent/PT99407B/pt

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Description

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FUNDAMENTO TÉCNICO A Patente U.S. 3.067,747, concedida em 11 de Dezembrc de 1962 em nome de Wolterding e al.,descreve ligaduras não-aderentes absorventes para uso cirúrgico e menstrual. As ligaduras têm folhas superiores de teia não tecida constitui da por fibras hidrófobas sintéticas ligadas . A teia absorvente pode ser uma combinação de fibras de algodão e /ou " rayon" misturadas com fibras termoplásticas . A folha superior é termicamente ligada à teia absorvente. A Patente U.S. 4,047.534, concedida em 13 de Setembrc de 1877, em nome de Thomaschefesky e al. refere-se a fraldas para bebés com uam camada absorvente interior que inclui ume proporção de fibras de polímero termoplásticas sintéticas e uma camada exterior de fibras^de polímero termoplástico. As camadas são combinadas por meio de gravação com calor e baixa pressão. A Patente U.S. 4.397.644, concedida em 9 de Agosto de 1983, em nome de Matthews e al., descreve uma folha superior para pensos higiénicos que apresentam um determinado grai de hidrófilia. a camada de cobertura é constituída por duas camadas . A camada superior é termoplástica , por exemplot polipropileno ligado por torsao . A chamada camada de transferência contém entre 40 e 100 por cento de fibras termopláí. ticas. A Patente U.S. 4.844.965, concedida em 4 de Julho de 1989 em nome de Foxman, refere-se a um dispositivo de absorção pa.ra doentes incontinentes . 0 dispositivo inclui um ele mènto de absorção permeável ao líquido que tem uma camada exterior de tecido sintético e uma camada de suporte interior de tecido com uma mistura de fibras plásticas;t;érmi'c.as e fibras de celulose. A camada exterior sintética é soldada ultrasónicamente__às £ibrâs_de plástico térmico do material misturado da camada de suporte interior;. A Patente U.S.4.844.965, concedida em 4 de Julho de 1989 a Foxman, descreve um elemento de absorção (por exemplo 35 -.3 — 1 5
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um resguardo para a cama ) que tem.uma camada virada para o exterior de material plástico-térmico e úma camada virada para o interior que tem um material ligado por fibras plásticas térmicas e fibras de celulose . Es,t.i camada virada para o exterior e sintética é fundida ultrasónicamen-te às fibras de plástico térmico do material misturado da camada de suporte interior .A fralda é lavável . A Patente U,S, 4.886.697, concedida em 12 de Dezem-. bro de 1989 em nome de Perdelwitz Jr.e al., refere-se a materiais que têm pelo menos uma camada constituída por uma mistura de termoplástico e outras fibras que podem estar cobertas com material termoplástico contendo folhas de cobertura . os matérias são densificados em áreas separadas e eventualmente cortados dentro da região densifiçada. A camada que compreende a mistura de termoplástico e outras fibras pode, adicionalmente , conter um material . súper---absorvente. A camada exterior pode ser ligada termicamen-te à camada absorvente formando-se ar quente através da teia da camada exterior. 0 material é descrito como adequa do para a utilização nos assentos dos carrinhos para crianças . A Patente U.S. 4.939T017, concedida em 3 de Julho de 1990 ,em nome de Foxman, descreve uma fralda absorvente que tem uma camada exterior de 100 por cento de um tecido plástico térmico sintético e uma camada absorvente, que é uma mistura de plástico e fibras de celulose .As camadas são fundidas ultrasónicamente.
Descrição Detalhada do Invento ^ As estruras absorventes do presente invento compreen dem um núcleo fibroso super-absorvente com a camada exteri or hidrófoba ligada integralmente. Especificamente , o núcleo absorvente compreende de cerca de 5 por cento a cerca de 95 por cento de fibras super-absorventes e de cerca de 5 por cento a cerca de 95 por;cento de fibras termoplásticas 35 -4- 5
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sintéticas, A camada exterior hidrófoba é essencialmente constituída por fibras termoplásticas hidrófobas sintéticas. A estrutura pode ser formada numa máquina de cardar convencional, utilizando-se um cartão para a camada exterior hidrófoba e um ou mais cartões (até cerca de 20) para o núcled absorvente . As camadas são soldadas umas ãs outras, integralmente por um processo térmico .De preferência a ligação é levada a efeito com rolos de calandragem aquecidos ou.com colagem ultrasónica. Isto tem a.vantagem adicional de ,duran te a colagem, o volume da estrutura absorvente pode ser significativamente reduzido .Por exemplo, o calibre das estru •trarás absorventes pode ser reduzido por um factor de 5 a 15 durante o processo de termofixação .Preferivelmente,o padrao da colagem é descontinuo,como é o caso quando se utilizam rolos gravados aquecidos .Em áreas onde as fibras não são coladas mantêm-se macias e flexíveis .Além disso ,nas áreas não coladas, as fibras super-absorventes absorvem o liquido e incham mais livremente do que nas áreas coladas. As fibras hidrófobas sintéticas da camada exterior podem ser quaisquer fibras que sejam conhecidas da técnica para este tipo de aplicação . são preferidas as fibras de poliolefina,sendo altamente preferidas as fibras de polipro pileno . 0 componente de fibra termoplástica do núcleo absorvente pode ser uma fibra hidrófila ou hidrófoba. Se fôr utilizada uma fibra hidrófoba, pode ser a mesma ou diferente da utilizada na camada exterior. Qualquer fibra super-absorvente conhecida da técnica pode utilizada como fibra super-absorvente no núcleo absorvente . As fibras super-absorventes podem ser formadas por meio da moldagem de um polímero super-absorvente solúvel em água com filamentos solúveis na água,da colocação dos filamentos em contacto com uma corrente de ar primária de velocidade eficax para atenuar e secar parcialmente os filamentos e da colocação dos filamentos atenuados em contacto com -5- 35 1 5
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ç uma corrente de ar secundária que tem uma velocidade eficaz para fragmentar os filamentos em fibras. Polimeros super--absorventes particularmente adequados são os polimeros que compreendem uma mistura de (1) um copolimero de pelo menos um monómero carboxílico alfabeta insaturado e pelo menos um monómero copolimerizável com ele e (2) um agente reticu-lador com uma funcionalidade de reticulação que compreende grupos de carbonato hidroxilo ou heterocíclico. Altamente preferidos são os-copolimeros de anidrido maleico/isobutile-no reticulados com carbonato de propileno ou uma mistura de penta-eritriol e butanediol. Particularmente preferida para utilização aqui é a Fiberosrb, uma fibra super-absorvente adequada comercialmen te por Arco-Chemical Company de Newton Square, Pennsylvâiiia. Estas fibras são descritas de forma mais completa na Patent U.S. 4.855.179, concedida em 8 de Agosto de 1989, em nome de Bourland e al., cuja descrição é aqui incorporada como referência. Além das fibras hidrófobas e das fibras super-absorventes, ô núcleo absorvente pode compreender ainda fibras absorventes adicionais como sejam fibras de polpa de papel, fibras de algodão ou "rayon". Os núcleos absorventes preferidos são compreendidos de cerca de 30 a cerca de 70 por cento de fibras hidrófobas e de cerca de 70 por cento a cerca de 30 por cento de fibras super-absorventes. 1 vantajoso utilizarem-se ralòs de calandragem com um padrão gravado para a termofusão das duas camadas. Um exemplo de padrao gravado adequado é um que apresente uma forma padrão dò tipo bolacha baunilha ou diamante, do tipo descrito na Patente U.S. N- 4.781.710, concedida em 1 de Novembro de 1988, em nome de Megisan e al., cuja descrição é aqui incorporada como referência. As estruturas absorventes do presente invento podem ser feitas muito finas, isto é com uma espessura inferior a cerca de2 milímetros, preferivelmente inferior a cerca de 1 milímetro, tipicamente de cerca de 0,3 a cerca de.. 2 milímetros. No entanto, as estruturas absorventes podem ter -6- 35 1 63982
Case 4281 31. M 1992
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25 30 uma capacidade absorvente de mais 0,05 gramas de uma solução salina a 0,9 por cento por centímetro quadrado da estrutura absorvente. Tipicamente, a capacidade absorvente situa--se entre os limites de cerca de 0,07 gramas por centímetro quadrado e cerca de 0,25 gramas por centímetro quadrado para uma estrutura com a espessura de 1 milímetro. Estruturas absorventes preferidas têm uma densidade situada entre os limites de cerca de 0,08 gramas por centímetro cúbico e cerca de 0,25 gramas por centímetro cúbico. As estruturas absorventes do presente invento são particularmente adequadas para a utilização nos denominados forros para cuecas. Forros para cuecas são enchumaços absorventes usados para a absorção do líquido menstrual durante o ciclo menstrual em que a descarga do liquido menstrual é pequena. Os forros para cuecas são também usados vulgarmente para a absorção de descargas vaginais que não sejam de líqui do menstrual. Um forro de cueca da técnica actual compreende, tipicamente, uma folha superior hidrófoba permeável aos líquidos um fino núcleo absorvente, tipicamente constituído por fi-r. bras de polpa de madeira e uma folha de suporte impermeável aos líquidos, geralmente uma película de polietileno. Δ superfície exterior da folha de suporte impermeável aos líquidos pode ser munida de tiras ou pontos de um adesivo sensível à pressão para prender o forro de cueca na região entre pernas da utilizadora.Geralmente este adesivo sensível á pressão,encontra-se protegido da contaminação e da colagem involuntária com revestimento soltável deve ser removido pela utilizadora antes de fazer o forro aderir à cueca. Os forros de cueca podem ter um comprimento de entre cerca de 12 centímetros e cerca de 16 centímetros e uma largura de entre cercade 3 centímetros e cerca de8 centímetros. Um forro p^ra cueca particularmente desejável tem uma forma aproximada de um osso de cão , um comprimento de cerca de 14 centímetros uma largura menor -7- 35 1 5
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na sua parte central de cerca de 4 centímetros e uma largura maior perto de ambas as extremidades de cerca de 7 centímetros . Exemplos de forros para cueca da técnica-anterior são descritos na Patente U.S.N2..4./738.676, concedida em 19 de Abril de 1988,em nome de Osborn III,cujas descrições são aqui incorporadas como referência . As estruturas absorventes do presente invento substituem a folha superior hidrófoba e o núcleo absorvente de um forro de cueca convencional.É desejável proporcionar a estru tura absorvente com uma folha de suporte impermeável a líqui dos.Esta folha de suporte pode ser uma película adequada de polietileno ou polipropileno. A folha de suporte pode estar térmicamente colada ou colada por meio de cola à estrutura absorvente .Para a ligação por meio de cola ,um padrão adesi vo preferido é um pulverizador em espiral ou padrão fundido e espalhado ("cabelo de anjo"). É desejável selar-se a estrutura absorvente à volta do §eu'perimetro, para se impedir as fibras super-absorvente de entrarem em contacto com a pele da utilizadora. A gravação técnica é um método adequado para se selar o perímetro das estruturas absorventes do presente invento. DESCRIÇÃO PORMENORIZADA DE ΌΜΑ FORMA DE REALIZAÇÃO PREFERIDA As seguintes três teias não tecidas são preparadas numa linha de cardagem sem tecelagem. Uma teia de polipropi-leno com-um pesp’bâ'gè •âè cercã- de 30 gramas por metro quadrado (1 onça.por jarda.quadrada) e duas teias não tecidas de uma mistura 50/50 de fibras de polipropileno e fibras absorventes Fibersorb, tendo cada uma delas um peso base de cercade 30 gramas porrmetrp quadrado (cerca de.llonça por jarda quadrada) .As três teias são combinadas, de tal forma que toda-a camada de polipropileno.constitua.a:camada superior .As .tres teias combinadas têm uma espessura de cerca de 12 milímetros (cerca de 1/2 polegada). As teias combinadas são então calar drados -8- 35 1 δ
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25 30 63982 Case 4112 a uma velocidadr de teia de cerca de 7,5 a 9 metros por minuto (cerca de 25 a 30pés por minuto) e a uma temperatura de entre cerca de 1402C e cerca de 1652C, preferivelmente entre cerca de 1502c e ceca de 1602C. A temperatura deverá ser aumentada quando se trabalha a velocidades de teia mais elevadas e diminuída quando se utilizem velocidades de teia....meno-res, para se manterem bons resultados. A pressão da calandra é de cerca de 29 quilogramas por centímetro linear (cerca de 160 libras por polegada linear). Os rolos de calandra têm um padrão em relevo em forma de diamante,, do tipo descrito na Patente U.S. Ns 4.781.710. A estrutura absorvente resultante tem calibre de cerca de 0,8 milímetros. Tem uma capacidade absorvente, para uma solução salina a 0,9 por cento, de cerca de 0,12 gramas por centímetro quadrado, Tiras adequadamente dimensionadas da estrutura absorvente são combinadas com uma folha suporte de material de polietileno e equipadas com um adesivo para prenderia .cueca da:forma descrita acima para os forros de cueca convencionais.0_forro de cueca resultante é fino e flexível e no oantanto tem uma capacidade absorvente adequada. Numa forma de realização alternativa, a folha de suporte impermíavel aos líquidos é formada conforme segue . Antes de se calandrarem as teias não tecidas acima descritas combinám-se estas com mais uma teia, essencialmente consti^ tuída por fibras fungíveis ao calor, por exemplo, fibras de polietileno. Esta camada inferior é'subsequentementé;tomada imper. neável aos líquidos por meio da fusão das fibras ao calor utilizando-se por exemplo, um rolo de calandra aquecido ou radiação infravermelha.Λ, Estruturas semelhantes sao formadas usando-se 1 camade 3e fibras de polipropileno e 3 camadas de uma: mistura a 85/ /15 de fibras de polipropileno/Fibersorb.
Lisboa,Jíij992
Por THE:PROCTER & GAMBLE C0MPANY ENG.° MANUSl ΜΟΝΓ2 P£?EIBA Adjunto cc LZ.K » Vasco leite Arco ds Conceição, 3-!.J - MOO LiSBOA
-9- 35 1 5
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-R EIVINDI CAÇOE S- ia- Processo para a produção de uma estrutura absorvente adequada para a utilização em produtos absorventes descartáveis, particularmente protectores para cuecas que compreende um núcleo fibroso super-absorvente e uma camada exterior hidrófoba integral com ele, caracterizado por compreender os passos de: a) formação de uma teia não urdida essencialmente constituída por fibras sintéticas termoplásticas hidrófobas: b) formação a partir de uma a 20 teias não urdidas constituídas por entre cerca de 5% e cerca de 95% de fibra super-absorvente e entre cerca de 5% e cerca de 95% de uma fibra termoplástica; c) combinação das camadas formadas nos passos a) e b) numa pilha; d) calandragem a quente da pilha do passo c) até uma espessura de entre cerca de 0,3 milímetros e cerca de 2 milímetros. 2-— Processo de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo facto de ser dado à estrutura absorvente um desenho embutido durante o passo de calandragem a quente d). 3ã_ Processo de acordo com a Reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo facto de a fibra super-absorvente compreender um copolímetro de isobutileno e anidrido maleíco e a fibra hidrófoba termoplástica ser polipropileno. 4â- processo de acordo com a Reivindicação 1 caracterizado pelo facto da estrutura absorvente ter uma espessura de entre cerca de 0,3 milímetros e cerca de 2 milímetros e uma capacidade de absorção para uma solução salina a 0,9% de entre cerca de 0,05 gramas e cerca de 0,25 gramas por centímetro quadrado da estrutura absorvente. 5^- Processo de acordocom a Reivindicação l,caracte rizado pelo facto de a fibra sintética termoplástica hidró- -10- 35

Claims (1)

  1. 63982 Case 4281 foba ser uma fibra de poliolefina. 6a- Processo de acordo com a Reivindicação l,carac terizado pelo facto de o núcleo absorvente~ compreender en^ tre cerca de 30% e cerca de 70% de fibra super-absorvente e entre cerca de 30% e cerca de 70& de fibra termoplástica sintética, Lisboa 31. JAií. 1992 Por THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
    £· Adjunto do /-Cri tn.j.J Vesco leiíe Arco de Conceição, 3-1.° - 1100 LISBOA -11-
PT99407A 1990-11-01 1991-10-31 Processo para a producao de estruturas absorventes adequadas para produtos absorventes descartaveis que compreendem um nucleo fibroso super-absorvente e uma camada exterior hidrofoba integral com ele PT99407B (pt)

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WO1992007534A3 (en) 1992-10-15
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ATE138258T1 (de) 1996-06-15
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PT99407A (pt) 1992-09-30
USH1298H (en) 1994-04-05
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HK1006402A1 (en) 1999-02-26
EP0555346B1 (en) 1996-05-22
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FI931962L (fi) 1993-06-03
IE72952B1 (en) 1997-05-07

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