PT80862B

PT80862B - Process for preparing linalool pesticide compositions

Info

Publication number: PT80862B
Application number: PT80862A
Authority: PT
Inventors: W Frederic Hink; Thomas E Duffy
Original assignee: Riviana Foods Inc
Priority date: 1984-07-26
Filing date: 1985-07-24
Publication date: 1987-01-09
Also published as: BE902977A; IT1214659B; AU4535785A; FR2571220A1; JPS6183103A; GB2163651A; GB8518903D0; PT80862A; IT8548411A0; NL8502137A; DE3526911A1

Abstract

Pesticidal compositions include linalool as an active toxic ingredient in a range of 0.1% to 95% by weight. Linalool may be combined in a vehicle solution with surfactants, synergists, and various alcohols to provide different forms of pesticidal products.

Description

Description of Preferred Executions

Linalool occurs naturally in more than 200 flower, wood, leaf and herbal oils. U found in it the cinnamon from Ceylon, sassafraz, orange blossom, bergamot, Artemisia balchanorum, anona, rosewood and other oils.

Linalool is also known as coryandrol or 3,7-dimethyl, 6-octadiene-3-ol. This structure gives an insecticidal activity supremely significant and different from other terpenes having the same general formula as Linalool is

commonly used as a flavoring agent and a perfume. The linalool is also known as the essence of the lily convale.

The linalool can be obtained directly by fractional distillation from plant products. It may also be obtained by synthesis from monocyclic terpenes. It can be distilled from commercial d-limonene. As used herein, d-limonene refers to a readily available form which may include in the order of 95 percent pure d-limonene and approximately seven other component ethers.

The linalool in its pure form is a viscous liquid. Can be combined with multiple vehicles. It is soluble in many alcohols and alcohol-water combinations. As used herein, alcohol, unless otherwise specified, refers to ethanol. Alcohol is a solvent useful for spraying purposes. For use as an insecticidal shampoo, such as a dog or cat fleece shampoo, linalool can be dispersed in liquid with surfactants. It is combinable with carriers for many useful insecticidal compositions known to form useful products such as sprays, dip products, shampoos and the like. In spray use, the spray is formulated to be used in an undiluted form and directly into the hair of a canine, feline, or other animal. Pump or aerosol spraying may be provided for use on plants or for home application as well as for spraying.

veterinary use. Shampoos are used in a conventional manner.

Linalool insecticides may be formulated in concentrations of about 0.1 to about 95 percent, with the remainder of said composition being an inert carrier, including conventional carriers, surfactants, stabilizers, perfumes and the like. The linalool may be formulated with other insecticides and / or synergists in an inert carrier medium.

Throughout the discussion of the invention and the claims, all percentages, proportions and parts ratios are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

In one embodiment of the invention, the linalool insecticide is formulated into a shampoo base. The shampoos of this invention include about 0.5 percent to about 10 percent linalool. The preferred shampoo base presently contains about 20-70 percent surfactant or emulsifier which may be any suitable anionic, atherogenic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactant. It is also preferred to incorporate in the shampoo base 0.01-5 percent of an emollient which may be any conventional emollient for use in the skin of animals; 0.01-5 percent lanolin oil or lanolin derivative; and about 0.01-10 percent of a foam-forming amide which may be a diethanolamide of cocoa. The remainder of the shampoo base is water and, if desired, materials for other desired functions, such as perfumes, detergents, thickening agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, preservatives, antioxidants, etc. These shampoo compositions are particularly effective in killing fleas and pereevjos.

In another embodiment of the invention, the linalool insecticide is used in a product for immersion of animals. An immersion concentrate containing about 10 to about 90 percent linalool may be prepared along with a surfactant such as Tween ^R 80; Spont; 232T; Sponto 234T; Tween 20, or similar anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Also,

the dip concentrates of this invention may contain a solvent such as xylene, or other aromatic solvents, aliphatic solvents, mineral distillates, or water. The dipping concentrate is diluted with water to form a bath having from 0.3 to 2.5 percent linalool, and preferably 0.3 to 1.5 percent linalool, and most preferably about 0.3 % to about 1.0%. It has been found that the diluted immersion composition is an effective insecticide when applied to fire ant ants, or when used with spraying to the ground.

With the composition of this invention formulated for use as a spray for application in domestic animals, and its medium such as beds, rugs and furniture, the concentration of linalool is about 0.1 to 15 percent being about 1 percent about 5 percent preferred, and being from about 1 percent to about 2 percent presently the most preferred. The remainder of this spray composition may be a denatured water and alcohol solution.

The carpet spray designs of this invention can be conveniently formulated as a concentrate including about 1 to 20 percent linalool. A preferred concentrate contains about 10 percent linalooj 40 percent Witconate P10-59 and 50 percent Witconol NP 100. For use as a spray, this concentrate can be diluted to achieve the desired final concentration of about 0.5 per percent to about 2.0 percent of linalool. Usually the concentrate is formulated for dilution with about 10 to 20 parts of water. "Witconate" and "Witconol" are trademarks of the Witco Chemical Company Witconate P10-59 is an anionic surfactant which is an amine salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Witconol NP100 is a nonionic surfactant which is a polyethylene glycol ether of nonylphenol.

Aerosol formulations having linalool as a pesticide have been found to be particularly

-10-

against fleas. In aerosol compositions, the linalool may be used from about 1% to about 15% with the remainder from about 8% to about 20% propane and the remainder with

1,1,1-trichloroethane. In a preferred formulation, linalool is supplied at about 10% concentration with 2.5% piperonyl-butoxide as synergist; about 14% propane and propellant; about 32% methylene chloride, as solvent and the e-propellant; and the remaining 1,1,1-trichloroethane as solvent and additional co-propellant.

Shampoos

Linalool is highly effective in various insecticidal compositions. In the following examples various shampoo components are used with the toxicant. Commonly available shampoo bases may be used. A convenient shampoo base of example includes:

20-70% surfactant, m.p. triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (40% active substance by weight).

0.01-05% lanolin derivative 0.01-05% emollient 0.01-10% amide

0-10% thickening agent Remainder: water, stabilizers, preservatives

Other anionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alpha-benzole sulfonate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and similar surfactants may be used in place of the triethanolamine lauryl sulfate. Amphotrificial surfactants may be used instead of, or together with,

frog".

with an anionic surfactant. In addition, nonionic surfactants may be used in place of or together with anionic surfactants.

The lanolin derivative employed in the exemplary shampoo formulation may be lanolin oil which is the net fraction of lanolin obtained by physical means, or any of the ethoxylated polymers of lanolin products, such as Langel 41, Lanogel 21 (both products of Robinson-Wagner Chemical Company), or Ethoxylan 50 (a product of the Malstron Chemical Company).

In such shampoo formulations, any emollient such as glycerin, isopropyl myristate or Pinesolv TN may be used. Pinesolv TN is a benzene alcohol having twelve to fifteen carbon atoms and is available from Pinetex, Ine.

The amide employed in the formulation example may be Marsamid 50 (a product of the AZS Chemical Company) an ethanoic diethanolamide, or other coconut diethanolamide products such as Monamid ^R 1509-ADD (trade mark of Mona Chemical Company) or Emid ^to 6515 (trade mark of Emery Chemical Company).

The thickening agent, if used, may be Methcel ^R 65HG, a methylcellulose from Dow Chemical Company; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or similar compounds, such as hydroxyethylcelluloses, Cellosipe ^R QP from Union Carbide or Natrosol ^R 250 from Hercules Powder Company.

EXAMPLE 1.

A shampoo comprising 1 percent linalool by weight in a shampoo base is provided. Used in animals of

test killed fleas almost instantly, eg in about three minutes. The linalool had a quick insecticidal effect and the fur became easy to brush.

The shampoo base used in this example is:

50% triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (40% active material)

5% Amide

2.5% Glycerin

2.5% Lanolin Derivative

1.0% Stabilizer

Rest: Water

In this shampoo base, the triethanolamine lauryl sulfate used in this example is available under the trademark Standapol T, an anionic surfactant which is a product of Henkel Corp. The amide is Marsamid 50, a product of the AZS Chemical Company, and the lanolin derivative of this Example is Lanogel 41, a product of the Robinson-Wagner Chemical Company. As stabilizer, we included in this Tween 80 shampoo base, a non-ionic polyoxyalkylene derivative of long chain fatty esters of hexitol anhydride, a product of Americas, Inc. "Tween" is a registered trademark of ICI Americas, Inc.

References to a shampoo base in the following examples relate to the shampoo base composition of this Example 1.

EXAMPLE II

A shampoo including 1 percent linalool, 5.3 percent d-limonene and the remaining shampoo base is provided.

Flea death remained rapid, but this example did not foam as much as the formulation of Example I. It was noted that the composition was substantially odorless.

EXAMPLE III

The shampoo included 0.5 percent linalool and 3.0 percent d-limonene in a shampoo base. Exit time for fleas was longer in this example but never exceeded ten minutes. The foam characteristics of the shampoo were not adversely affected and the odor was considered pleasant.

EXAMPLE IV

Higher linalool pilings were also used. In this example, the shampoo contained 5 percent linalool, 38 percent water, and 57 percent shampoo base.

EXAMPLE V

A further modification of the formulations for linalool shampoos to give desirable fragrance properties of sitrin agents includes a shampoo formulated as follows

5% linalool 0.25% citric acid

0.25% "Fresm Lime" perfume (available from Arylessenee Inc.)

The remainder of this composition includes the shampoo base of Example I diluted with water in a ratio of 70 percent shampoo base to 30 percent water.

EXAMPLE VI

94 percent of a half water half shampoo solution was combined with 5 percent linalool and 1 percent methanol. The remaining shampoo composition has been found to be an effective insecticide when applied to the skin of animals.

EXAMPLE VII

Also insecticidal effectiveness was achieved with a shampoo with 1 percent linalool, 5 percent d-limonene and the remainder shampoo base.

Spraying for pump

A pump spray is a liquid for use in a hand-held container for spraying directly onto the skin of an animal, and also for spraying the beds, rugs and other surrounding surfaces. For direct application to the animal, a mist of the liquid may be applied to the animal's coat. The saturation dose is dependent on hair size and length. When used, the spray composition is sprayed onto the animal's skin and remains there. Flea death occurs either by direct contact of the spray on the fleas or by contact of the fleas with wet skin or with the linalool vapors. It has been found that ethanol provides a convenient vehicle for dissolving the linalool and transporting it as a spray and for leaving the linalool :. on the skin after the ethanol evaporated. In the following examples, the ethanol is provided in the form of a specially denatured oleoleol, in particular, SDA-40. The SDA-40 comprises

1/8 gallon of tert-butyl alcohol and 1-1 / 2 ounces of 1) alkaloid brucine, or 2) brucine sulfate NF IX, or 3) quassine or, 4) any combination of two or three of those denaturants by 100 gallons of ethanol. SDA-40 is only slightly denatured. Diluted ethanol could also be used. Other denatured alcohols may be used. Other saturated alcohols other than ethanol may also be solvents for linalool; and ethanol is preferred.

EXAMPLE VIII

A highly effective insecticidal spray was made including 5 percent linalool and 95 percent water solution and SDA-40 in the ratio of 3 parts water to 7 parts SDA by weight. The initial elimination power and the prolonged elimination power over a 24 hour period was tested at saturation levels of 25.50 and 75 percent. Saturation levels are subjective measures of the degree to which the animal's skin is wetted by spraying.

EXAMPLE IX

Unexpected efficacy was also achieved with 5 percent linalool and 95 percent SDA-40.

EXAMPLE X

Unexpected efficacy was achieved using 1 percent linalool and 99 percent denatured ethanol, no less, and SDA-40.

EXAMPLE XI

The 1 percent linalool was also effective in a composition in which the remaining 99 percent were water and

16SDA-40 in a weight ratio of 3 to 7 respectively.

EXAMPLE IX

The lanloleol may also be used with other terpenes having toxic properties as illustrated in Examples XII and XIII.

EXAMPLE XII

It was sprayed with 1 percent linalool, 1 percent alfaterpineol and 98 percent SDA-40. At nonimal saturation levels, eg, 50 percent, for a given hair length, rapid elimination was achieved, in particular below 10 minutes. However, the odor was stronger than that of Examples X and XI.

EXAMPLE XIII

A pump spray was made with 0.5 percent linalool, 5.43 percent d-limonene and 94.07 percent SDA-40. Effective elimination was achieved and the composition was considered by testers to have a good odor.

EXAMPLE XIV

The amount of linalool was decreased and the amount of SDA-40 was decreased in spray to spray consisting of 1 percent linalool, 5.43 percent d-limonene and 93.57 percent SDA-40. Once again good elimination and good odor were recorded.

EXAMPLE XV

The composition of Example XIV was repeated except that the 0.5 weight percent of the SDA-40 were

-171 ..

substituted by Vita Cos 535, a form of wheat germ glycerides. Vita Cos is a registered trademark of Wickhen Products, Inc .. Both effective elimination and a pleasant odor have been reported. In addition, the animals' hair had a good gloss after brushing after the spray had dried.

Immersion Product

An immersion product can be made into which an animal can be washed. The dip product is preferably made as a concentrate containing from about 10 percent to about 90 percent linalool, with about 90 percent to about 10 percent surfactant which may be any anionic or non-ionic surfactant . The composition may be highly diluted in water to prepare the dipping composition. A preferred dilution is 1 to 4 liquid ounces of concentrate per gallon of water. The desired dilution will vary depending on the concentration of linalool in the concentrate. Dilution of the concentrate should achieve a final concentration of linalool of from about 0.3 percent to about 2.5 percent, preferably from about 0.3 percent to about 1.5 percent, and most desirably from about 0.3 percent to about 1.0 percent for application to the animal. Storage in the diluted form over a long period of time, eg several months, may result in some loss of activity.

EXAMPLE XVI

An immersion concentrate containing 10 percent linalool, 75 percent d-limonene and 15 percent Tween 80 was made. Tween 80 is a surfactant which renders the terpene oils miscible with water. When diluted, as described herein, by mixing 1 to 2 ounces in a gallon of water, the solution became clear. Highly effective eliminations were recorded

Of fleas together with satisfactory drying characteristics.

Other surfactants may be replaced by Tween 80. Tween is a registered trademark of ICI Americas, Inc.,

) to a nonionic polyoxyalkylene derivative of long chain fatty acids of hexitol anhydride.

EXAMPLE XVII

An insecticidal immersion concentrate containing 90 percent linalool and 10 percent Tween 80 was also prepared. Highly effective immobilization compositions were produced by diluting this concentrate in the proportions of about 1 ounce to about 2 ounces per gallon of water .

EXAMPLE XVIII

The linalool concentrate for immersion may also be made with a reduced concentration of linalool.

An immersion concentrate containing 5 percent linalool, 10 percent Tween 80, 30 percent Farnesol and 55 percent castor oil was made. Since the Far Nesol component functions both as a perfume and as insecticide, the dilutions may be the same as in the prior immersion examples and in the efficacy of results.

Carpet Sprays

Pesticide and insecticidal utility is found in a carpet spray. Carpets can house fleas and other pests. In the following examples, formulations for concentrates are given. At the time of application, each concentrate can be diluted 10 to 1, or 20 to 1, by weight in

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Water for application on a carpet. Dilution of the concentrate preferably ranges from 0.5 percent to about 2.0 percent linalool in the spray compositions. The degree of saturation required by carpet is somewhat similar to that of animals. The size and density of the carpet dictates the amount of spray required.

EXAMPLE XIX

Carpeting spray concentrate containing 10 percent linalool, 10 percent alpha-terpineol, 40 percent Witconate P10-59 and 40 percent Witeonol NP-100 was made. P10-59 is an amine salt of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid. NP-100 is a polyethylene glycol ether of nonylphenol. When diluted as made above, the resulting sprays have been found to be effective insecticides.

EXAMPLE XX

An effective insecticidal spray was made wherein the amounts of the terpene compounds of Example XIX were duplicated with proportional reductions of the other identified components. In the above described examples, the most active species of terpene, where there is a combination of terpene, has been found to be linalool.

Table 1

FULLY PLACED ON FOOD WET TREATED SURFACE

(Percentage of mortality plus immobility)

20-

Quad.ro 1

5 10 15 20 60 Treatment min. min. min. min. min.

Solution of

linalool 97% 97% 100% 100% 100%

Control (H ₂ 0) 00000

The percentage refers to mortality and immobility (fleas on the side and without being able to move) together. There were 27 to 36 fleas per treatment. All compounds were used at the final concentration of 0.7% linalool (the linalool stock solutions were made with 90% linalool and 10% Tween 80 and then diluted to 1 ounce per gallon or 1: 128).

As shown in Quad.-2 below, linalool can be effective at varying concentrations. In the tests of the present example, the mother formulations are made with 90 percent toxic product and 10 percent Tween 80. The stock solutions were diluted with water to obtain the various concentrations described below. 1 milliliter was placed on filter paper in petri dishes, and flea larvae were placed on wet paper. There were 10 larvae for each treatment.

Table 2

LINALOOL TOXICS IN DS FLEA LARVAE (Percentage of mortality)

Time after test start

5

min.

10

min.

15

min.

30

min.

Table 2

10% of Linalool 70 70 100 100 5% of Linalool 30 80 100 100 2.5% of Linalool 10 30 90 100 1% of Linalool 10 30 60 100

Toxicity of Waterborne Sprays

Domestic and Adult Mosquitoes

It has been found that a range of concentrations may also be solubilized for the inseetidae linalool as an effective spray to kill houseflies and adult mosquitoes.

A stock solution of linalool was prepared with 90 percent linalool plus 10 percent Tween 80. The stock solution was diluted with water to obtain 10 percent, 5 percent, and 2.5 percent concentration of the inseetide .

Adult insects were placed in cylindrical cartons with a lid. The solution was sprayed through the lids using a glass eromotagram sprayer. To simulate conditions in free environment, 3 to 5 minutes after spraying the insects, they were transferred to a dry filter paper in petri dishes. By doing this they were removed from the slightly moistened box of the curling powder.

There were 10 house flies for each treatment and 7 to 10 mosquitoes per treatment. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Test Against Domestic Flies and Adult Mosquitoes

Linalool spraying

Linalool stock solutions were prepared with 10% Tween 80 and 90% teex product. Desired concentrations of the toxicant for the following tests were obtained by diluting the stock solution with water.

House Flies

10% - All images in one minute, 100% in 5 minutes and 100% in 5 minutes

5% - 80% immobile in 2 minutes, 100 percent paralyzed in 10 minutes, partial recovery of 30% that spun from the back in 30 to 60 minutes, but all eventually dead.

Mosquitoes

10% - Instant Death, 100% never moved and get killed instantly.

5% - Instant death, 100% do not move or recover

2.5% - 50% still move after 15 minutes

Treatment against fire ant

Linalool is useful in the treatment of fire ant ants.

The surprising effectiveness against ants is particularly important in view of the fact that the

Widely used anti-ants have recently been disapproved by the Environmental Protection Agency. Briefly, the fire ant belongs to the genus Solenopsis, which is an ant that bites ferociously, omnivorous. Although generally unknown in the northern United States, they are native to the southern United States, and their area of penetration has been growing. Providing a natural treatment against fire ant, as in the following examples, is particularly useful.

EXAMPLE XXI

An immersion concentrate was prepared according to Example XVI. To be used, the concentrate was diluted in the ratio of 1 fluid ounce to half a gallon of water. Half a gallon of the mixture was laid in a medium-sized fire ant nest (eg 10 inches in diameter by 6 inches). The insects touched by the liquid became highly agitated and began to emerge from the anthill. No live adults were found after 48 hours.

EXAMPLE XXII

An immersion concentrate was prepared according to Example XVII and the concentrate was then diluted in the ratio of 1 fluid ounce to 1/2 gallon of water. 1/2 gallon of this diluted mixture was poured into a fire anthill

I ant of medium size as in Example XXI. As in the case of Example XXI, no adult live fire ants were found after 48 hours.

Ovicides of fleas

The linalool was found to be effective in

to flea eggs, as described in example XXIII below

EXAMPLEXXIII

A lignool spray was sprayed at a concentration of 0.5 percent in solvent (50% ethanol) and one spray (0.1% Tween 80 in water). The eggs were placed in squares of carpet. Spraying was applied to the carpet squares until they were touchy. Carpet squares were examined for live larvae after 11 days after treatment and in search of adult fleas after 24 days. In all cases, 50

1-16 hours old in each square. No live larvae or adult fleas were found. Spray of linalool prevented the development of flea eggs.

Table 4

COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF 1% D-LIMONENE AND LINALOOL A

1% FOR FLEANED EGGS IN CARPETS

Number of Eggs

Squares Emergency of

of Adult Treatment Carpet in percent

50 1.0 percent d-limonene 68 48 1.0 percent linalool 0 50 Control-untreated 62 57 Control-treated with water 72 The above formulations were toxic substances in a vehicle consisting of 0.1 percent Tween 80 and the remainder is water.

(I.e.

-25Acaricide

Linalool has been found to be effective in killing mites and mite eggs.

EXAMPLE XXIV

A spray containing 0.1 percent linalool, and 0.1 percent Tween 80 in aqueous solution was formulated.

The spray was applied to leaves that were cut from insect infested plants and were placed in petri dishes.

The leaves were sprayed as a fine mist of insecticide. A mortality of 100 percent of the mite eggs was achieved.

EXAMPLE XXV

A spray was made with 0.5 percent linalool and 0.1 percent Tween 80 in solution aouose. When applied as in Example XXIV, 100 percent mortality of the mites was achieved.

Synergists

The toxicity of linalool can be increased by combining with synergists such as sesame oil or piperonyl butoxide with respect to adult fleas. At concentrations of 0.25 to 0.5 synergists, the percentage of linalool may be very substantially reduced without reduction of insecticidal efficacy as illustrated in Examples XXVI and XXVII.

EXAMPLE XXVI

A spray containing 0.2 percent linalool and 0.5 percent sesame oil was made in SDA-40 and found to be effective when used in accordance with Example IX above.

EXAMPLE XXVII

A pump spray with SDA-40 was prepared according to Example IX above and containing 0.2 percent linalool and 0.5 percent piperonyl butoxide. 100 percent mortality was achieved against adult fleas.

The effectiveness of these additional components to linalool is shown in Table 5.

Table 5

TOXICITY OF SYNERGIZED LINALOOL WITH SESAME OIL OR PIPERONYL BUTTEXIDE ON ADULT PULS

Mortality at the end of these periods ³

Treatment 5 min. 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 60 min. 24 hrs. O, 27 <> Linalool 0% 1% 1% 3% 32% 40% 0.2% Linalool + 0.5% titanium Sesame 10% 49% 77% 88% 100% 100% 0.2% Linalool + 0.5% Peroxide in Piperonyl 5% 10% 19% 50% 63% 100%

Table 5

0.5% Piperonyl Butoxide

(Control) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

to moderate values of 2 to 4 meals

One hour after treatment, note from the above table these comparative percentages of mortality

0.2% linalool alone 32%

0.2% linalool with

sesame 100%

0.2% linalool with butoxide

of piperonyl 63%

Toxicity of Linalool Vapor

To test the toxicity of linalool vapors relative to fleas and other insects, a test apparatus was designed in which the bottom of a vessel or chamber was covered with filter paper and a cap was placed over the chamber. A hole was made in the cap and a very thin wire mesh was placed over the hole. A glass ring 3 inches high was placed over the hole and a cap was placed over the glass ring. The glass ring was glued to the top of the chamber.

The toxic compounds were pipetted onto the filter paper and insects or insect eggs were immediately placed in the above chamber. The toxic product used to generate the vapors was formulated into an Inert carrier composed of 5.0 percent denatured alcohol, , 1 percent Tween 80, and the remainder of water.

Table 6

TOXICITY OF LINALOOL VAPORS ON ADULTS (MORTALITY PERCENTAGE PLUS IMOBILITY)

Treatment

Number of fleas

1 percent of linalool 28

0.2 percent linalool 25-30

Control-untreated 31

Time 5 min * 10 min. 15 min. 20 min. 60 min »24 hrs.

29 50 100 100 7 10 57 62 0 0 0 0

Table 7

TOXICITY

OF THE VAPORS OF

LINALOOL ON LARVAS OF FLEAS

Treatment

Observations after 24 hours

5.0 percent linalool

2.5 percent of linalool 1.0 percent of linalool 0.5 percent of linalool 0.3 percent of linalool Control of 0.5 percent of denatured alcohol Control-water

100 percent mortality 100 percent mortality 100 percent mortality 100 percent mortality 100 percent mortality

there was no 3 percent mortality rate

In each of the above treatments, 25 to 30 larvae were placed in the upper chamber. As in example

ii

-29-

above, the toxic formula was the linalool on the percenta indicated on a inert carrier containing 5.0 percent al denatured cool, 0.1 percent Tween 80, with the remainder of water. Table 8 LINALOOL VAPOR TOXICITY ON EGGS OF FLEA COMMENTS Treatment 48 hours 72 hours 1.0 percent of 0.7 eggs 4.7 eggs linalool feasible feasible (1) to 150 Control-no 56% eggs 56% eggs treated feasible feasible

In the final treatment of flea eggs, in each test 50 eggs were placed in the vapor chamber and the above data are the averages of the three replicates. The formula for the linalool used to produce the vapors is the same as given for Table 6 above.

Insecticide for Fleas in Aerosol

It has been found that aerosol compositions containing linalool are effective in killing fleas in the home environment.

+ Sitr

l

-30EXEMPLO XXVIII

Linalool aerosol

10% linalool

2.5% piperonyl butoxide 32% methylene chloride 14% propane

Remainder: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

In tests of the above aerosol, fleas were placed in open containers at 10 feet, 20 feet and 30 feet from the application point in an unoccupied house. In one test the percentage of deaths two hours after nebulization was 56%, 80%, and 84%, for distances of 10, 20 and 30 feet, respectively. In a second test at 10, 20 and 30 feet, the respective death rate after two hours was 88%, 92% and 96%.

Briefly, the present invention provides linalool larvae insecticides and oxygens. In addition, the compositions of this invention may be made in a wide variety of forms at varying concentrations of linalool to give an effective toxicity under the different conditions of application and / or use on different species of insects and other pests.

Further modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention in accordance with the teachings herein.

1

Claims

I ^a . A process for the preparation of a pesticidal composition comprising combining 0.1% to 0.95% by weight of linalool as the active ingredient in a solution of a

) suitable carrier with, for example, synergists,

surfactants and various alcohols in order to obtain said pesticidal composition under various formulations.

2. ^A process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a pesticidal shampoo consisting essentially of 0.5 percent to 10 percent linalool in a shampoo base is prepared.

3 ^a . 2. A process according to claim 2 wherein said shampoo essentially consists of 0.5 to 1 percent linalool.

4 ^a . A process according to claim 1, characterized in that a spray pump pesticide consisting essentially of at least 0.1 percent of Linalool is prepared in a liquid carrier.

5 ^a . 6. A process according to claim 4 wherein piperonyl butoxide is further included.

6 ^a . 6. A process according to claim 4, characterized in that sesame oil is further included.

|

7 ^a . A method according to claim 5

characterized in that said carrier comprises ethanol.

8 ^a . 6. A process according to claim 4 wherein said carrier comprises water and ethanol in the ratio of about 3 to 7 by weight.

329 ^& . A process for the preparation of a pesticidal immersion concentrate for preparing a diluted immersion product for application to animals which comprises a pesticidal ingredient consisting essentially of linalool in an amount of at least 10 percent by weight with at least about 10 % of a surfactant.

10-. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that a spray-on carpet sprayer having an insecticidal ingredient consisting of linalool in a concentration of about 1 percent to about 20 percent by weight in a carrier is made to render said concentrate miscible with water.

11 ^a . A process according to claim 10 wherein said Linalool is in a concentration of about 1 percent to about 10 percent by weight.

12 ^a . 6. A process according to claim 10, wherein said spray is prepared in a proportion of about 0.5 percent to 1.0 percent by weight of linalool.

13 ^a . A process according to claim 1, characterized in that a concentrate is prepared for treatment against ants including 2-20% by weight linalool in an aqueous carrier.

14 ^a . 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that an ant insecticide composition consisting essentially of at least 0.1% linalool by weight in solution is prepared.

15 ^a . 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that an ant insecticidal composition is prepared wherein said linalool is in a concentration of about 0.3 percent to about 1.5 percent.

Fi

16 ^& . A method of controlling fleas and ticks of the skin and of an animal host characterized in that it comprises applying to said host an effective amount of lignin, preferably 10% to 90% epoxide, with 90% to 10% of a non-ionic or anionic surfactant

17 ^a . A method according to claim 16 wherein the step of applying linalool comprises spraying a linalool composition in an ethanol carrier.

18 ^a . A method according to claim 16 wherein the step of applying linalool comprises the application of a linalool-containing shampoo to a shampoo hase and contacting the animal with said shampoo for up to 15 minutes prior to rinsing.

19 ^a . 8. A method as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that: wetting said animal with water; applying said shampoo to said animal; rubbing said shampoo to foam; substantially wetting the entire fur of said animal and said foam for a time interval of at least five minutes, and

then rinsing said hair foam of said animal with water.

20 ^a . A method according to claim 16 wherein said application step comprises applying by immersing said skin and hair.

21 ^a . 10. A method according to claim 20 further comprising the steps, dilution and water of a concentrated immersion composition containing pesticidal linalool in an amount ranging from about 10 percent to about 90 percent of the total weight

frog

lair

-34-

of the composition, and an emulsifier in an amount ranging from 10 percent to about 90 percent of the total weight of said composition, said water being added for dilution to reduce the concentration of linalool in the dip bath to a value between about 0.3 percent and about 0.5 percent of the total weight of the diluted dip bath,

bathing said animal by wetting it thoroughly with said diluted dipping composition.

22. A method for killing domestic flies and adult mosquitoes comprising contacting said flies or mosquitoes with a spray comprising linalool in an effective amount, preferably at least 90%, in an appropriate carrier, which composition may be conveniently diluted with water in order to achieve a concentration of 10%, 5% and 2.5% of the insecticide.

23. A method for controlling ants characterized in that it comprises placing in an anthill of a linalool solution with an effective toxic amount of linalool in a proportion of about 10% to 90% with about 10% to 90% of a surfactant which may be anionic or non-anionic ionic.

24 '. A method for controlling mites characterized in that said mites are contacted with an effective toxic amount of linalool.

25. A method for controlling mite eggs characterized in that said eggs of said mites are contacted with an effective toxic amount of linalool.

26 '. A method of controlling flea larvae characterized by contacting said flea larvae with an effective toxic amount of linalool.

<claim-text </ claim-text>

> 27 ". A method for killing fleas and ticks, characterized in that it comprises:

-35a spraying on a carpet area of a liquid composition for wetting any pest, its larvae and eggs, wherein the composition of said liquid contains linalool as a pesticide in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% of the total of said composition , at least one surfactant

) in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight

total of said composition, and water in an amount ranging from about 98% to about 80% of the total weight of said composition.

.

28 ^a . A method according to claim 1,

Characterized in that an aerosol composition is prepared to kill pests such as fleas and ticks, which comprises:

Linalool in an amount ranging from 1% to about 15% of the total weight of said composition;

I propane in an amount of from 8% to about 80% of the total weight of said composition;

1,1,1-trieloroethane for aerosol in an amount of from 65% to about 91% of the total weight of said composition.

29 ^a . A process according to claim 28, wherein said linalool is in a proportion of about 10% of the total weight of said composition, and said propane is in an amount of about 14% of the total weight of said composition, and 1,1,1-trieloroethane is in a proportion of an amount which includes the remainder of said composition.

-3630®. A process according to claim 29, further comprising piperonyl butoxide in an amount of about 2.5% of the total weight of said composition and methylene chloride in an amount of about 32% of the total weight of said composition.