PT633921E - Lubrificante para automoveis - Google Patents
Lubrificante para automoveis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PT633921E PT633921E PT93917356T PT93917356T PT633921E PT 633921 E PT633921 E PT 633921E PT 93917356 T PT93917356 T PT 93917356T PT 93917356 T PT93917356 T PT 93917356T PT 633921 E PT633921 E PT 633921E
- Authority
- PT
- Portugal
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- weight
- oxidant
- automotive
- white
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
- C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
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- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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Description
DESCRIÇÃO “LUBRIFICANTEPARA AUTOMÓVEIS’’ A presente invenção diz respeito a lubrificantes para automóveis tais como óleos de motor, óleos de engrenagens e fluidos de transmissão automática
Tradicionalmente os lubrificantes para automóveis têm sido baseados em óleos minerais convencionais. Apesar destes terem provado ser adequados no passado, as bases de óleos minerais comuns não conseguem alcançar sempre as necessidades cada vez maiores de propriedades de lubrificação superiores, especialmente o tempo de vida operacional. Estas propriedades melhoradas podem ser obtidas até certo ponto pelo uso de aditivos, mas pesquisas têm também sido conduzidas de modo a modificar ou altèrar as bases. Nos últimos anos os fabricantes de lubrificantes têm produzido lubrificantes para automóveis baseados em bases sintéticas, por exemplo polialfaolefines e esteres. Apesar destes providenciarem um melhoramento no desempenho, têm a desvantagem de serem caros.
Existe portanto a necessidade.de um lubrificante para automóveis com uma base alternativa, menos cara que providencie propriedades melhoradas. A patente dc Reino Unido n 0 737 392 revela um óleo lubrificante contendo um composto orgânico de estanho como antioxidante. A base pode ser derivada do petróleo destilado, e resíduos refinados pelos meios convencionais, óleos minerais hidrogenados, óleos minerais brancos, ou lubrificantes de poliéter e poliesteres utilizados sós ou misturados com óleos minerais lubrificantes. O lubrificante pode ser aplicado como um óleo de cárter, óleo de aquecimento, fluido hidráulico, óleo cortante, óleo de turbina ou óleo transformador. A patente dos Estados Unidos n ° 3 853 773 revela uma anti-goma e lubrificante de solvatação para uso em aparelhos mecânicos de precisão. É baseado numa 2
combinação de um fluido de transmissão tipo A (como definido na patente) com um óleo branco altamente refinado. A patente dos Estados Unidos n ° 4 652 385 revela um lubrificante contendo uma combinação de um fosfito tri-substituído e estabilizadores fenólicos estéricamente impedidos como anti-oxidantes. A base é um óleo hidrotratado, um óleo polialfaolefine ou um óleo branco parafinico, ou misturas dos mesmos. 0 lubrificante é usado em aplicações a alta temperatura, por exemplo como um óleo compressor, um óleo de transferência de calor, um fluido hidráulico ou um óleo de turbina de vapor. A patente dos Estados Unidos n 0 2 892 784 revela um lubrificante com um desempenho anti-oxidante melhorado. O lubrificante compreende uma base de óleo, que pode ser qualquer óleo de viscosidade lubrificante, e um aditivo compreendendo uma combinação de uma amina aromática inibidora da oxidação em conjunto com um co-polímero de um alquil ester superior, de um ácido carboxilíco em C3-C8 α,β-oiefmicamente insaturado e uma amina de um alquil ester inferior de um tal ácido. A publicação da patente Europeia n 0 281 992 A revela um lubrificante com estabilidade melhorada contra a degradação NOx. O lubrificante compreende um óleo base com um conteúdo aromático de não mais de 2 % e um índice de viscosidade de pelo menos 75, o qual é seleccionado a partir de uma variedade de óleos minerais purificados ou óleos sintéticos, e uma combinação de um anti-oxidànte baseado em fenol e um composto de organomolibdénio. A presente invenção providencia um lubrificante para automóveis seleccionado de pelo menos um óleo de motor, óleo de engrenagens e óleo de transmissão automática compreendendo: a) Uma base da qual pelo menos 30 % em peso é um óleo branco tendo um conteúdo nafténico de pelo menos 25 % em peso; e 3
b) Um ou mais aditivos, sendo pelo menos um aditivo um anti-oxidante diferente de um anti-oxidante contendo estanho. 0 lubrificante para automóveis baseado em óleo branco de acordo com a invenção tem a vantagem de possuir propriedades superiores de estabilidade à oxidação quando comparado com lubrificantes para automóveis baseados em óleos minerais, mas tem um custo de produção mais baixo quando comparado com lubrificantes baseados em óleos sintéticos. Assim o lubrificante tem o beneficio de ter os tempos operacionais aumentados, isto é, pode ser utilizado para lubrificar um aparelho mecânico, por exemplo um motor ou uma caixa de velocidades durante um extenso período antes de requerer a drenagem e substituição. Nalgumas utilizações o lubrificante pode ser usado como um lubrificante para toda a vida, isto é, o tempo de vida operacional do lubrificante coincide ou excede o da parte mecânica que está a ser lubrificada.
Os óleos brancos estão definidos na “Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulation”, 1991. Quer os óleos brancos medicinais de acordo com a especificação FDA 21 CFR 178-3620 (a) quer os óleos brancos técnicos de acordo com a especificação FDA CFR 178-3620 (b) podem ser empregues na presente invenção.
Um óleo branco é um óleo branco convencional, obtido usando um solvente de extracção convencional e hidrogenação para produzir hidrocarbonetos saturados livres de enxofre e nitrogénio. Foi descoberto que óleos brancos com um conteúdo nafténico relativamente alto exibem propriedades melhoradas comparado com mais óleos brancos parafinicos. O óleo branco usado na presente invenção tem um conteúdo nafténico de pelo menos 25 % em peso, onde “conteúdo nafténico” é definido como a quantidade de carbono nafténico como uma percentagem do conteúdo total de carbono do óleo branco, de acordo com o teste padrão ASTM D 2140. Preferencialmente o conteúdo nafténico do óleo branco é de 30 a 50 % em peso, mais preferencialmente 30 a 40 % em peso. Um óleo branco altamente nafténico é obtido usando condições de hidrogenação suaves, de modo que as moléculas cíclicas contidas no óleo não são substancialmente quebradas. Normais condições de hidrogenação suaves são uma temperatura entre 150 e 250°C, e uma pressão entre 1 000 e 20 000 kPa. 4
A composição nafténica dos óleos brancos altamente nafténicos usados com vantagem na presente invenção é preferencialmente como se segue, sendo as medições obtidas usando o método de teste padrão AS TM D 2786: 1 anel: 20 - 30 % em peso preferencialmente 24 - 32 % em peso. 2 anéis: 13 - 27 % em peso preferencialmente 17 - 23 % em peso. 3 anéis: 4-21 % em peso preferencialmente 8 - 17 % em peso. 4 anéis: 3 - 19 % em peso preferencialmente 7 - 15 % em peso. 5 anéis ou mais: 0 - 9 % em peso preferencialmente 2 - 5 % em peso.
Exemplos de óleos brancos com qualidade alimentar de acordo com os regulamentos da FDA que podem ser usados na presente invenção incluem o MARCOL 52 - conteúdo nafténico 34 %, o MARCOL 82 - conteúdo nafténico 32 %, o MARCOL 172 - conteúdo nafténico 34 %, o PRIMOL 352 - conteúdo nafténico 32 % e o PLASTOL 352 - conteúdo nafténico 32 %, todos fornecidos por Exxon/Esso. Exemplos de óleos brancos com qualidade técnica de acordo com os regulamentos de FDA que podem ser usados na presente invenção incluem o Bayol 52 - conteúdo nafténico 34 % e o PLASTOL 135 - conteúdo nafténico 36 %, ambos fornecidos por Exxon/Esso. MARCOL, PRIMOL, PLASTOL· e BAYOL são nomes de marcas da Exxon Corporation. O conteúdo nafténico é medido de acordo com o método de teste padrão ASTM2140. A base pode compreender 100 % de óleo branco, ou pode compreender uma mistura de óleo branco com um ou mais tipos diferentes de óleo, por exemplo um óleo mineral e/ou um óleo sintético tal como um polialfaolefine ou um ester tal como um ester ou di-ester de poliol, e/ou uma base tipo hidrocraqueada. Se a base é uma mistura, a proporção preferida de óleo branco na base é pelo menos 30 % em peso, mais preferencialmente entre 30 e 60 % em peso, mais preferencialmente entre 30 e 40 % em peso. Se o óleo branco é misturado com um óleo sintético, o óleo sintético é preferencialmente um polialfaolefine, por exemplo PAO 4 e/ou PAO 6, onde 4 e 6 são as viscosidades respectivas de PAOs em centistokes a 100°C. Quando a base é uma mistura de óleo branco, óleo mineral e óleo sintético, as proporções preferidas são 30- 5
80 % em peso de óleo branco, 10-70 % em peso de óleo mineral e 5-50 % em peso de óleo sintético. O lubrificante para automóveis pode também conter outros aditivos tais como aqueles normalmente contidos num óleo de motor, óleo de engrenagens ou fluido de transmissão para automóveis como apropriado. Isto inclui detergentes, por exemplo sulfonatos de metais alcalino-terrosos, salicilatos de cálcio, fenatos sulfurizados de metais alcalino terrosos; cinzas dispersantes, por exemplo, poli-isobutenosuccinimida, agentes de anti-desgaste/pressão extrema, por exemplo, dialquilo de zinco (ou diarilo ou arilalquilo) di-tiofosfato, e compostos fosforosos/sulfurosos ou boroteados; agentes anti-corrosão, por exemplo alquilnaftaleno sulfonatos de bário e mercaptobenzotriazole, melhoradores dos índices de viscosidade, por exemplo co-polímeros olefines, pqlialfaolefines, polimeta-acrilatos e estireno butadieno; abaixadores do ponto de solidificação, por exemplo poliesteres; agentes anti-espuma, por exemplo aqueles baseados no silício; e modificadores de fricção, por exemplo compostos de molibdénio, compostos sem cinzas e agentes silenciadores. Por cada aditivo, a quantidade incluída no lubrificante para automóveis varia dependendo do tipo de aditivo e da aplicação a que o lubrificante se destina. No entanto, geralmente, cada aditivo é adicionado numa quantidade até 6 % em peso baseado no peso total de lubrificante excepto para o(s) melhorador(es) do índice de viscosidade que pode(m) ser adicionado(s) numa quantidade até cerca de 10 % em peso (ingrediente activo). Alguns ou todos os aditivos podem ser incorporados no lubrificante para automóveis por meio de uma recarga.
Em termos gerais, o lubrificante para automóveis de acordo com a invenção tem uma viscosidade de 4 a 50 mm2/s a 100°C e um índice de viscosidade de 80 a 200. Mais especificamente, quando o lubrificante é um óleo de motor, ele tem preferencialmente uma viscosidade de 4 a 35 mm /s, mais preferencialmente 5 a 25 mm /s, a 100°C, e um índice de viscosidade de 85 a 160, mais preferencialmente 95 a 150. Quando o lubrificante é um óleo de engrenagens, ele tem preferencialmente uma viscosidade de 5 a 50 mm2/s, mais preferencialmente 8 a 25 mm2/s, a 100°C, e um índice de viscosidade de 80 a 180, mais preferencialmente de 95 a 160. Quando o lubrificante e um fluido de transmissão automática, ele tem preferencialmente uma viscosidade de 4 a 10 mm2/s, .w
6 mais preferencialmente de 5 a 8 mm2/s, a 100°C, e um índice de viscosidade de 100 a 200, mais preferencialmente de 150 a 200. É importante que o óleo branco contenha um aditivo anti-oxidante. Surpreendentemente, foi descoberto que o óleo branco testado sem a adição de um anti-oxidante é sensível à oxidação e pode ter um desempenho inferior ao do óleo mineral. No entanto, quando um anti-oxidante é incluído na formulação lubrificante com óleo branco o desempenho de oxidação é superior a uma formulação comparável baseada num óleo mineral. O anti-oxidante é preferencialmente seleccionado de entre um ou mais de entre o dialquil ditiofosfato de zinco, o diaril ditiofosfato de zinco, o alquilaril ditiofosfato de zinco, a difenilamina alquilada, o fenol impedido, o alquilfenol fosfossulfiirizado, o fenol sulfurizado, o dimercapto ditiadiazole, e anti-oxidantes à base de cobre tais como oleato de cobre e poli-isobutileno succinico anidro de cobre ou um derivado dos mesmos. A quantidade de anti-oxidante adicionado ao lubrificante é preferencialmente de 0,05 a 3 % em peso, mais preferencialmente de 0,1 a 2 % em peso, baseado no peso total do lubrificante, e mais preferencialmente de 0,2 a 1,0 % em peso.
Os óleos brancos não têm sido até agora usados como bases para óleos de engrenagens para automóveis e como fluídos de transmissão automática. Assim num outro aspecto a presente invenção providencia um óleo de engrenagens para automóveis compreendendo a) uma base compreendendo óleo branco, e b) um ou mais aditivos sendo pelo menos um aditivo um anti-oxidante. Num outro aspecto a presente invenção providencia um fluido de transmissão automática compreendendo a) uma base compreendendo óleo branco, e b) um ou mais aditivos sendo pelo menos um deles um anti-oxidante. O óleo branco do óleo de engrenagens ou do fluido de transmissão automática é preferencialmente como descrito acima, e pode estar misturado com o óleo mineral ou óleo sintético ou ambos, para formar a base de óleo branco misturada. Se misturada, a 7
base compreende preferencialmente pelo menos 50 % em peso de óleo branco baseado no peso da base. A presente invenção será agora ilustrada pelos seguintes exemplos. Os exemplos incluem referencias aos desenhos em anexo nos quais: A figura 1 é um gráfico demonstrando a estabilidade à oxidação de óleos díesel de desempenho muito elevado baseados em bases de óleo branco, óleo mineral e sintético. A figura 2 é um gráfico demonstrando a estabilidade à oxidação de óleos de engrenagens para automóveis baseados em bases de óleo branco e óleo mineral.
EXEMPLOS
Exemplo 1
Foram obtidos óleos brancos com as seguintes propriedades pelo método de extracção de solvente convencional e hidrogenação suave:
Conteúdo nafténico (%) (ASTMD2140) 33,8 32,2 31,6 Viscosidade a 40°C (cSt) (ASTM D 445) 31,6 71,4 14,6 índice de viscosidade (ASTM D 2270) 108 98 107 Ponto de solidificação (°C) (ASTM D 97) -6 -18 -9
óleo branco óleo branco óleo branco A B C
Os óleos brancos foram formulados em vários lubrificantes para automóveis como descrito nos seguintes exemplos. A estabilidade de oxidação de cada lubrificante foi
testado de acordo com o teste padrão GFC TO21A90. A estabilidade à oxidação foi comparada com as formulações lubrificantes equivalentes baseado em bases de óleo mineral, óleos sintéticos, e hidrocraqueados, como descrito nos seguintes exemplos. t
Exemplo 2
Um óleo de motor díesel de desempenho muito alto (DDMA) baseado numa mistura de óleos brancos A e B especificados no exemplo 1 acima foi formulado como se segue:
Componente peso % Óleo branco A 54,598 Óleo branco B 20,20
Recarga de DDMA* 14,70 HITEC 865 da
Ethil Corp
MelhoradorVI 10,50 OCP de Exxon
Chemical
Agente anti-espuma 0,002 DC - 200 / 60 000 , Tipo silício da , Dow Corning * Contém 8,3 % em peso de dialquil ditiofosfato de zinco (“DDFZ”) anti-oxidante em que o grupo alquilo é normalmente um C5 a Cg linear do grupo alquilo ramificado, por exemplo um grupo 2-etilhexilo. Assim a formulação de óleo contem 1,22 % em pesó de anti-oxidante DDFZ.
Para comparação, foram preparadas formulações equivalentes substituindo os óleos brancos com a mesma quantidade de (a) óleo mineral convencional, e (b) um óleo sintético PAO/ester. A estabilidade à oxidação de cada um dos três óleos foi medida testando uma amostra de 300 ml de óleo a uma temperatura de 160°C e um fluxo de ar de 10 1/hr. Os resultados são dados graficamente na figura 1. 9
Os resultados mostram que o óleo DDMA baseado no óleo mineral convencional quebra após 800 horas, ao passo que o óleo equivalente baseado em óleo branco continua a operar satisfatoriamente após 1 000 horas e tem um desempenho similar ao do óleo de base sintética.
Exemplo 3
Um óleo de engrenagens para automóveis baseado num óleo branco A especificado no exemplo 1 acima, foi formulado como se segue.
Componente Óleo branco Anti-oxidante Melhorador VI Aditivo EP Ponto de solidificação comprimido Recarga de óleo de engrenagens Agente anti-espuma Recarga de agente silenciador peso % 78,998 0,20 fenólico 10,00 polimeta-acrilato 0,50 fosfito 0,80 poliacrilato 6,50 Auglmol 99 de Lubrizol 0,002 DC 200 / 60 000 de Dow Corning 3,00 LZ 6178 A de Lubrizol
Para comparação, foi formulado um óleo de engrenagens equivalente substituindo o óleo branco pela mesma quantidade de base de óleo mineral convencional. As suas estabilidades de oxidação foram medidas testando uma amostra de 300 ml a uma temperatura de 150°C e um fluxo de ar de 10 1/hr. Os resultados são dados graficamente na figura 2.
Os resultados demonstram que o aumento da velocidade de viscosidade é menor para o óleo branco no óleo de engrenagens, e consequentemente este tem uma estabilidade à oxidação superior à do óleo de engrenagens de base mineral.
I 10
Exemplo 4
Um fluido de transmissão automática (FTA) contendo como base uma mistura de óleo branco, óleo mineral e óleos sintéticos PAO, sendo que o óleo branco é o óleo branco C especificado no Exemplo 1 acima e foi formulado como se segue:
Componente peso % 40.00 29,266 10.00 10,00 0,10 H1TEC 4782 disponível a partir da Ethil Corpus (UK) 0,10 IRGANOX L57 disponível a partir da Ciba - Geigy 10,50 OS 87256 da Lubrizol 0,03 0,004 AKC 50 000 da Wacker-Chemie Óleo branco C Óleo mineral PAO 4 PAO 6
Anti-oxidante (fenólico)
Anti-oxidante (amina)
FTA
Desactivador de cobre Agente anti-espuma O FTA resultante tem uma viscosidade de 6,9 cSt a 100°C (ASTM D 445) e uma viscosidade de 22 500 cSt a - 40°C (DIN 51 562 parte I). A estabilidade de oxidação no fluido foi testada pela exposição de 500 ml de fluido sob calor (160°C) a um fluxo de ar a uma velocidade de 10 1/minuto por 250 horas na presença de um catalisador ferro/cobre (teste DIN 51 587). O teste foi repetido usando um óleo mineral convencional baseado em FTA (ESSO FTA D-21065-disponível a partir da Esso AG).
Os fluidos expostos foram medidos por aumento na viscosidade cinemática a 100°C (KV 100) de acordo com o teste padrão DIN 51 562, e para o número ácido total (NTA) de acordo com o teste padrão ASTM 664. O resultado é dado na tabela 1. TABELA 1
Aumento no KV 100 NTA Óleo branco -contendo FTA Invenção + 1,5 % 1,9 mg KOH/g Óleo mineral FTA Comparação + 4,5 % 6 mg KOH/g
Quanto menor o aumento no KV 100 e quanto menor for o NTA, mais estável é o FTA contra a oxidação. Assim os resultados demonstram que o óleo branco contendo FTA de acordo com a presente invenção tem propriedades de oxidação superiores quando comparado com o óleo mineral convencional baseado em FTA.
As características de fricção dos dois FTA(s) foram também medidas usando uma máquina para testar a fricção DKA operando a uma velocidade de 3 000/min, a uma velocidade de ciclo de 2/min, a uma densidade de energia de 0,6 a 1,0 J/mm2 e a uma temperatura de 80°C. Os resultados são dados na Tabela 2. ' TABELA 2
Óleo branco contendo FTA Óleo mineral FTA
Ciclos U, U2 U3 u, u2 u3 10 0,134 0,127 0,169 0,136 0,132 0,169 1000 0,132 0,122 0,151 0,145 0,134 0,150 9 000 0,127 0,112 0,127 0,128 0,110 0,126 22 000 0,119 0,106 0,131 0,125 0,109 0,124 36 000 0,119 0,111 0,132 0,125 0,111 0,126 47 000 0,111 0,102 0,138 0,121 0,112 0,128 67 000 0,114 0,102 0,139 0,124 0,116 0,134
Os resultados demonstram que o óleo branco contendo FTA tem comparáveis, e algumas vezes, menores coeficientes de fricção que o óleo mineral convencional FTA.
Lisboa, 1 2 MAIO 2000
Américo da Silva Caralho
Agente Oficiai de pHitredada industrial R. Castilho. 20! -í>.· 6 -1070 LISBOA Telefs. 38513 39 - 3854613
Claims (11)
1
REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Um lubrificante para automóveis seleccionado de pelo menos um óleo de motor, óleo de engrenagens e óleo de transmissão automática compreendendo: a) Uma base da qual pelo menos 30 % em peso é um óleo branco tendo um conteúdo nafténico de pelo menos 25 % em peso, e / b) Um ou mais aditivos, sendo pelo menos um dos aditivo um anti-oxidante que não seja um anti-oxidante contendo estanho.
2. Um lubrificante para automóveis de acordo com a reivindicação 1 em que a viscosidade a 100°C é na ordem de 4 a 50 mm2/s e o índice de viscosidade é na ordem de 80 a 200.
3. Um lubrificante automóvel de acordo com a reivindicação 1 ou reivindicação 2 em que a base é essencialmente constituída por 100 % óleo branco.
4. Um lubrificante para automóveis de acordo com a reivindicação 1 ou reivindicação'2 em que a base é uma mistura de óleo branco e um ou mais de óleo mineral, de óleo sintético do tipo hidrocraqueado.
5. Um lubrificante para automóveis de acordo com a reivindicação 4 em que o óleo sintético é um polialfaolefine.
6. Um lubrificante para automóveis de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes em que o óleo branco tem um conteúdo nafténico (ASTM D-2140) de 30 a 50 % em peso.
7. Um lubrificante , automóvel de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes em que o anti-oxidante é seleccionado a partir de um ou mais de entre o dialquilditiòfosfato de zinco, o diarilditiofosfato de zinco, o 2 alquilarilditiofosfato de zinco, o difenilamina alquilada, o fenol impedido, o alquilfenol fosfossulfurizado, o fenol sulfurizado ou dimercaptoditiazol.
8. Uso como um óleo de engrenagens para automóveis de uma composição contendo: a) Uma base compreendendo pelo menos 30 % em peso de óleo branco tendo um conteúdo nafténico de pelo menos 25 % em peso, e b) Um ou mais aditivos, sendo pelo menos um aditivo um anti-oxidante que não seja um anti-oxidante contendo estanho.
9. Uso como um fluido de transmissão automática para automóveis de uma \ composição compreendendo: a) Uma base compreendendo pelo menos 30 % em peso de óleo branco tendo um conteúdo nafténico de pelo menos 25 % em peso, e b) Um ou mais aditivos, sendo pelo menos um aditivo um anti-oxidante que não seja um anti-oxidante contendo "estanho.
10. Uso como um óleo de motor automóvel de uma composição compreendendo: a) Uma base compreendendo pelo menos 30 % em peso de óleo branco tendo um conteúdo nafténico de pelo menos 25 % em peso, e b) Um ou mais aditivos, sendo pelo menos um aditivo um anti-oxidante que não seja um anti-oxidante contendo estanho.
11. Um método de funcionamento de equipamento para automóveis compreendendo um ou mais dè entre um motor de combustão interna, uma caixa de velocidades ou uma transmissão automática, compreendendo o método a lubrificação do equipamento com um lubrificante para automóveis, caracterizado pelo facto do lubrificante para automóveis estar de acordo com qualquer das reivindicações de 1 a 7. Lisboa, 1 p 2 MAIO 2000 d-<. C- r"'" Américo da Silva Carvalho Agente Oficial de Praonedade Industriai R.CâStilhO. 201 - 3“ t - i0?0 LISBOA Telefs. 3851339 - 3654613
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9201411A FR2687165A1 (fr) | 1992-02-07 | 1992-02-07 | Lubrifiant pour automobile. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
PT633921E true PT633921E (pt) | 2000-08-31 |
Family
ID=9426448
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PT93917356T PT633921E (pt) | 1992-02-07 | 1993-02-01 | Lubrificante para automoveis |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6521570B2 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP0633921B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP3488920B2 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR100261820B1 (pt) |
AT (1) | ATE192185T1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2129657C (pt) |
DE (1) | DE69328480T2 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2145780T3 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR2687165A1 (pt) |
HK (1) | HK1014197A1 (pt) |
PT (1) | PT633921E (pt) |
SG (1) | SG48186A1 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO1993016151A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2709495A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-03-10 | Exxon France | Composition lubrifiante à base d'huile blanche. |
KR101079949B1 (ko) * | 2003-02-21 | 2011-11-04 | 제이엑스 닛코닛세키에너지주식회사 | 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 |
US20060063685A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Pieter Purmer | Lubricant for manual or automated manual transmissions |
US20060105920A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | Dalman David A | Performance-enhancing additives for lubricating oils |
US20080090742A1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Mathur Naresh C | Compound and method of making the compound |
US20080090743A1 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2008-04-17 | Mathur Naresh C | Compounds and methods of making the compounds |
US20080125338A1 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-05-29 | Corbett Patricia M | Food grade lubricant compositions |
US20080269091A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-10-30 | Devlin Mark T | Lubricating composition |
US9200230B2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2015-12-01 | VORA Inc. | Lubricating compositions and methods of use thereof |
US10421920B1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-09-24 | Safe Harbour Products, Inc. | Biodegradable, non-toxic lubricant composition processes of making it and methods for its use |
CN107384557A (zh) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-11-24 | 吴江华威特种油有限公司 | 一种食品机械用抑菌防腐润滑油及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2892784A (en) | 1955-06-29 | 1959-06-30 | California Research Corp | Oxidation resistant lubricant compositions |
US3759817A (en) * | 1967-03-11 | 1973-09-18 | Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania | Blend comprising hydrorefined oil and unhydrorefined oil |
US3915871A (en) * | 1972-10-16 | 1975-10-28 | Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania | Composition comprising naphthenic distillate, hydro-cracked lube and an antioxidant |
CA1248516A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1989-01-10 | Stephen C. Cohen | Lubricating oil compositions containing novel combination of stabilizers |
US4801391A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1989-01-31 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method of improving the anti-wear properties of a lube oil |
US4707284A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-11-17 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Lube oil anti-wear agent |
US4753742A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1988-06-28 | Mallet & Company, Inc. | Lubricating oils for dough dividers and the like and methods of using said oils |
JPH0737623B2 (ja) | 1986-03-31 | 1995-04-26 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
US4812246A (en) | 1987-03-12 | 1989-03-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Base oil for lubricating oil and lubricating oil composition containing said base oil |
US5064546A (en) * | 1987-04-11 | 1991-11-12 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
US5019662A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1991-05-28 | Uop | Process for the production of white oil from heavy aromatic alkylate |
-
1992
- 1992-02-07 FR FR9201411A patent/FR2687165A1/fr active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-02-01 EP EP93917356A patent/EP0633921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-01 PT PT93917356T patent/PT633921E/pt unknown
- 1993-02-01 DE DE69328480T patent/DE69328480T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-01 CA CA002129657A patent/CA2129657C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-01 WO PCT/EP1993/000231 patent/WO1993016151A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-02-01 KR KR1019940702718A patent/KR100261820B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-01 US US08/284,457 patent/US6521570B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-01 JP JP51373293A patent/JP3488920B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-01 ES ES93917356T patent/ES2145780T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-01 AT AT93917356T patent/ATE192185T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-06 SG SG9608716D patent/SG48186A1/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-12-24 HK HK98115431A patent/HK1014197A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69328480T2 (de) | 2000-09-07 |
US20030008783A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
SG48186A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
US6521570B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 |
CA2129657A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
JPH07503494A (ja) | 1995-04-13 |
EP0633921A1 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
KR950700391A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
ATE192185T1 (de) | 2000-05-15 |
CA2129657C (en) | 2003-07-29 |
ES2145780T3 (es) | 2000-07-16 |
EP0633921B1 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
KR100261820B1 (ko) | 2000-07-15 |
JP3488920B2 (ja) | 2004-01-19 |
FR2687165A1 (fr) | 1993-08-13 |
DE69328480D1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
HK1014197A1 (en) | 1999-09-24 |
WO1993016151A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
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