PH12021551122A1 - Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene - Google Patents

Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene

Info

Publication number
PH12021551122A1
PH12021551122A1 PH12021551122A PH12021551122A PH12021551122A1 PH 12021551122 A1 PH12021551122 A1 PH 12021551122A1 PH 12021551122 A PH12021551122 A PH 12021551122A PH 12021551122 A PH12021551122 A PH 12021551122A PH 12021551122 A1 PH12021551122 A1 PH 12021551122A1
Authority
PH
Philippines
Prior art keywords
muscular dystrophy
targeting
utrophin gene
sequence encoding
treating muscular
Prior art date
Application number
PH12021551122A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eiji Yoshimi
Katsuro Yoshioka
Tetsuya Yamagata
Yuanbo Qin
Iain Robert Thompson
Nidhi Khanna
Original Assignee
Modalis Therapeutics Corp
Astellas Pharma Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Modalis Therapeutics Corp, Astellas Pharma Inc filed Critical Modalis Therapeutics Corp
Publication of PH12021551122A1 publication Critical patent/PH12021551122A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/16Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12N9/22Ribonucleases [RNase]; Deoxyribonucleases [DNase]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4702Regulators; Modulating activity
    • C07K14/4705Regulators; Modulating activity stimulating, promoting or activating activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4707Muscular dystrophy
    • C07K14/4708Duchenne dystrophy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/102Mutagenizing nucleic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/85Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
    • C12N15/86Viral vectors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00Fusion polypeptide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/01Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
    • C07K2319/09Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a nuclear localisation signal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/20Type of nucleic acid involving clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2740/00Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
    • C12N2740/00011Details
    • C12N2740/10011Retroviridae
    • C12N2740/16011Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
    • C12N2740/16041Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
    • C12N2740/16043Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2750/00MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssDNA viruses
    • C12N2750/00011Details
    • C12N2750/14011Parvoviridae
    • C12N2750/14111Dependovirus, e.g. adenoassociated viruses
    • C12N2750/14141Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
    • C12N2750/14143Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2800/00Nucleic acids vectors
    • C12N2800/80Vectors containing sites for inducing double-stranded breaks, e.g. meganuclease restriction sites

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
PH12021551122A 2018-11-16 2021-05-11 Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene PH12021551122A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201862768474P 2018-11-16 2018-11-16
US201962861039P 2019-06-13 2019-06-13
US201962931925P 2019-11-07 2019-11-07
PCT/JP2019/045716 WO2020101042A1 (en) 2018-11-16 2019-11-15 Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PH12021551122A1 true PH12021551122A1 (en) 2021-11-22

Family

ID=68988228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PH12021551122A PH12021551122A1 (en) 2018-11-16 2021-05-11 Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US11473071B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3880255A1 (enExample)
JP (2) JP7069426B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR20210093954A (enExample)
CN (1) CN113271982B (enExample)
AU (1) AU2019381460A1 (enExample)
BR (1) BR112021009481A2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA3119618A1 (enExample)
CO (1) CO2021006957A2 (enExample)
IL (1) IL283123B1 (enExample)
MX (1) MX2021005720A (enExample)
PH (1) PH12021551122A1 (enExample)
SG (1) SG11202105030VA (enExample)
TW (1) TW202033224A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2020101042A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102008496B1 (ko) * 2013-03-25 2019-08-07 삼성전자주식회사 단일 센서를 이용하여 기구물의 이동 방향 및 속도를 검출하는 방법 및 장치.
US20190127713A1 (en) 2016-04-13 2019-05-02 Duke University Crispr/cas9-based repressors for silencing gene targets in vivo and methods of use
CN117534769A (zh) 2018-04-19 2024-02-09 加利福尼亚大学董事会 用于基因编辑的组合物和方法
CA3103088A1 (en) * 2018-06-08 2019-12-12 Modalis Therapeutics Corporation Modified cas9 protein and use thereof
EP3833758A4 (en) * 2018-08-07 2022-05-18 Modalis Therapeutics Corporation NOVEL TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR
WO2021230385A1 (en) 2020-05-15 2021-11-18 Astellas Pharma Inc. Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene
CN116323941A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2023-06-23 吉尼松公司 通过诱导抗肌萎缩蛋白相关蛋白调节元件内的突变增强细胞中抗肌萎缩蛋白相关蛋白表达及其治疗用途
US20240050406A1 (en) * 2021-04-26 2024-02-15 Ksb Tugen Inc. Composition comprising oxiracetam for preventing or treating muscular disease
KR102421411B1 (ko) 2021-10-29 2022-07-18 주식회사 케이에스비튜젠 옥시라세탐을 포함하는 근이영양증 예방 또는 치료용 조성물
CN113563428B (zh) * 2021-06-22 2022-08-02 呈诺再生医学科技(珠海横琴新区)有限公司 特定空间结构多肽及其在制备iPSC中的应用
WO2023190935A1 (en) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 Modalis Therapeutics Corporation Method for treating myopathies by targeting titin gene
CN116218849B (zh) * 2023-01-18 2024-01-23 昆明理工大学 针对utrophin激活治疗杜氏肌营养不良的sgRNA和应用

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2407309C (en) * 2000-04-28 2011-08-02 Xiao Xiao Dna sequences encoding dystrophin minigenes and methods of use thereof
EP2017338A1 (en) 2001-05-24 2009-01-21 Genzyme Corporation Muscle-specific expression vectors
SG168422A1 (en) 2001-11-13 2011-02-28 Univ Pennsylvania A method of detecting and/or identifying adeno-associated virus (aav) sequences and isolating novel sequences identified thereby
EP3910063A1 (en) 2003-09-30 2021-11-17 The Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania Adeno-associated virus (aav) clades, sequences, vectors containing same, and uses therefor
US7557197B2 (en) 2004-01-28 2009-07-07 Oregon Health & Science University Human soluble neuropilin-1 primary polyadenylation signal and uses thereof
ITRM20070523A1 (it) 2007-10-05 2009-04-06 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Acido nucleico codificante per una proteina regolatrice specifica della trascrizione dell'utrofina proteina da esso codificata e sue applicazioni
EP2634253B1 (en) 2010-10-27 2016-05-11 Jichi Medical University Adeno-associated virus virions for transferring genes into neural cells
KR20160074368A (ko) * 2012-05-16 2016-06-28 라나 테라퓨틱스, 인크. Utrn 발현을 조절하기 위한 조성물 및 방법
SI3401400T1 (sl) 2012-05-25 2019-10-30 Univ California Postopki in sestavki za RNA usmerjeno modifikacijo tarčne DNA in za RNA usmerjeno modulacijo prepisovanja
KR20230136697A (ko) * 2013-06-05 2023-09-26 듀크 유니버시티 Rna-가이드 유전자 편집 및 유전자 조절
ITTO20130669A1 (it) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-06 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Vettore adeno-associato ricombinante muscolo-specifico e suo impiego nel trattamento di patologie muscolari
KR20170130531A (ko) 2015-03-24 2017-11-28 교와 핫꼬 기린 가부시키가이샤 핵산 함유 지질 나노 입자
CA2996982A1 (en) * 2015-09-23 2017-03-30 Universite Laval Modification of the dystrophin gene and uses thereof
US11666666B2 (en) * 2016-02-11 2023-06-06 The Regents Of The University Of California Methods and compositions for modifying a mutant dystrophin gene in a cell's genome
US11674128B2 (en) * 2016-12-12 2023-06-13 Tsinghua University Engineering of a minimal SaCas9 CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing and transcriptional regulation optimized by enhanced guide RNA
EP3579858A4 (en) * 2017-02-07 2020-12-23 The Regents of The University of California GENE THERAPY AGAINST HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY
WO2018169983A1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of modulating expression of target nucleic acid sequences in a cell
WO2018204764A1 (en) * 2017-05-05 2018-11-08 Camp4 Therapeutics Corporation Identification and targeted modulation of gene signaling networks
CA3097375A1 (en) 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 Universitat Heidelberg Modified aav capsid polypeptides for treatment of muscular diseases
WO2019236081A1 (en) * 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Salk Institute For Biological Studies Targeted gene activation using modified guide rna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11473071B2 (en) 2022-10-18
JP7069426B2 (ja) 2022-05-17
WO2020101042A1 (en) 2020-05-22
SG11202105030VA (en) 2021-06-29
TW202033224A (zh) 2020-09-16
JP2022115976A (ja) 2022-08-09
CN113271982B (zh) 2024-07-30
MX2021005720A (es) 2021-07-21
AU2019381460A1 (en) 2021-06-17
KR20210093954A (ko) 2021-07-28
WO2020101042A8 (en) 2020-07-30
CA3119618A1 (en) 2020-05-22
BR112021009481A2 (pt) 2021-08-17
JP2022509560A (ja) 2022-01-20
IL283123A (en) 2021-06-30
IL283123B1 (en) 2025-11-01
EP3880255A1 (en) 2021-09-22
CN113271982A (zh) 2021-08-17
CO2021006957A2 (es) 2021-06-10
US20210355464A1 (en) 2021-11-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
PH12021551122A1 (en) Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting utrophin gene
EP4527459A3 (en) Nucleic acid, composition and conjugate containing nucleic acid, preparation method therefor and use thereof
ZA202003137B (en) Nucleic acid, composition and conjugate containing same, and preparation method and use
WO2020205605A3 (en) OLIGONUCLEOTIDE-BASED MODULATION OF C9orf72
MX2024006956A (es) Inserciones de adn no virales orientadas.
NZ631245A (en) Exon skipping compositions for treating muscular dystrophy
FI3445388T3 (fi) Materiaaleja ja menetelmiä hemoglobinopatioiden hoitamiseksi
NZ631132A (en) Exon skipping compositions for treating muscular dystrophy
PH12021550256A1 (en) Novel crispr-associated protein and use thereof
EP4310196A3 (en) Methods and compositions for manipulating nucleic acids
PH12020550748A1 (en) Synpiii, a promoter for the specific expression of genes in retinal pigment epithelium
EP3800255A3 (en) Rna-guided transcriptional regulation and methods of using the same for the treatment of back pain
BR112018010635A2 (pt) linhagens celulares estáveis para a produção retroviral
PH12021552592A1 (en) Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting dmpk gene
MX2020000676A (es) Composiciones y metodos para tratar beta-hemoglobinopatias.
RU2022103641A (ru) Искусственная модификация генома для регуляции экспрессии гена
WO2006121464A3 (en) Compositions for treating respiratory viral infections and their use
PH12022550270A1 (en) Method for treating muscular dystrophy by targeting lama1 gene
PH12021551025A1 (en) 5-halouracil-modified micrornas and their use in the treatment of cancer
PH12021552257A1 (en) Compound, method and pharmaceutical composition for modulating expression of dux4
MX2021012158A (es) Métodos para la integración de una secuencia de adn donante en el genoma de bacillus usando constructos de adn recombinante lineal y composiciones de los mismos.
PH12020551191A1 (en) Oligodendrocyte-specific promoter, mirna specific to plp1 gene, vector including said promoter and/or mirna, and pharmaceutical composition including said vector
MX2021007932A (es) Molecula oligomerica de acido nucleico y uso de esta.
WO2019117662A3 (ko) Tert 프로모터 돌연변이에 특이적인 crispr 시스템 및 그의 이용
Steege et al. Bacteriophage lambda N gene leader RNA. RNA processing and translational initiation signals.