PE20020882A1 - Derivados de piperidina como antagonistas selectivos de subtipos del receptor de n-metil-d-aspartato - Google Patents
Derivados de piperidina como antagonistas selectivos de subtipos del receptor de n-metil-d-aspartatoInfo
- Publication number
- PE20020882A1 PE20020882A1 PE2001001265A PE2001001265A PE20020882A1 PE 20020882 A1 PE20020882 A1 PE 20020882A1 PE 2001001265 A PE2001001265 A PE 2001001265A PE 2001001265 A PE2001001265 A PE 2001001265A PE 20020882 A1 PE20020882 A1 PE 20020882A1
- Authority
- PE
- Peru
- Prior art keywords
- aromatic
- heterocycle
- dirradical
- alcoxy
- atoms
- Prior art date
Links
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical class C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 102000004868 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Human genes 0.000 title 1
- 108090001041 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Proteins 0.000 title 1
- -1 1-AZA-2-CYCLOBUTANON-3,4-DIYL Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 201000006474 Brain Ischemia Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010008120 Cerebral ischaemia Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N phenylephrine Chemical group CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/16—Otologicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25783200P | 2000-12-21 | 2000-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PE20020882A1 true PE20020882A1 (es) | 2002-09-28 |
Family
ID=22977943
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE2001001265A PE20020882A1 (es) | 2000-12-21 | 2001-12-18 | Derivados de piperidina como antagonistas selectivos de subtipos del receptor de n-metil-d-aspartato |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6642256B2 (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP1345935A2 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2004516295A (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU2002223968A1 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR0116311A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA2436699A1 (OSRAM) |
| HN (1) | HN2001000280A (OSRAM) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03004652A (OSRAM) |
| PA (1) | PA8535901A1 (OSRAM) |
| PE (1) | PE20020882A1 (OSRAM) |
| TN (1) | TNSN01175A1 (OSRAM) |
| UY (1) | UY27081A1 (OSRAM) |
| WO (1) | WO2002050070A2 (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19952147A1 (de) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-03 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma | Neue Cyclopropane, diese Verbindungen enthaltende Arzneimittel und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| TW200303304A (en) | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-01 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
| US7273889B2 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2007-09-25 | Innovative Drug Delivery Systems, Inc. | NMDA receptor antagonist formulation with reduced neurotoxicity |
| CA2537185A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-10 | Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited | Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type-iv |
| SE0400208D0 (sv) | 2004-02-02 | 2004-02-02 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
| GT200600042A (es) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-09-27 | Aventis Pharma Inc | Compuestos de bis arilo y heteroarilo sustituido como antagonistas selectivos de 5ht2a |
| WO2006137465A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | 含窒素複素環誘導体 |
| EP1928866A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2008-06-11 | Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited | Substituted indazoles as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type-iv |
| EP1934219A1 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2008-06-25 | Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited | Substituted pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridines as phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
| ATE545417T1 (de) | 2007-03-14 | 2012-03-15 | Ranbaxy Lab Ltd | Pyrazoloä3,4-büpyridin-derivate als phosphodiesterasehemmer |
| JP5573307B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2014-08-20 | Jsr株式会社 | 感放射線性樹脂組成物、重合体及び化合物 |
| CA2802295C (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2016-09-20 | Rhodes Technologies | Transition metal-catalyzed processes for the preparation of n-allyl compounds and use thereof |
| EP2592077A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-15 | Almirall, S.A. | New cyclohexylamine derivatives having beta2 adrenergic agonist and M3 muscarinic antagonist activities |
| EP2592078A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-15 | Almirall, S.A. | New cyclohexylamine derivatives having beta2 adrenergic agonist and M3 muscarinic antagonist activities |
| JP7402685B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-16 | 2023-12-21 | ベイジーン スウィッツァーランド ゲーエムベーハー | (s)-7-(1-アクリロイルピペリジン-4-イル)-2-(4-フェノキシフェニル)-4,5,6,7-テトラ-ヒドロピラゾロ[1,5-a]ピリミジン-3-カルボキサミドの結晶形、その調製、及びその使用 |
| JP7376358B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-12 | 2023-11-08 | ワン,シャオドン | オピオイド受容体調節因子としての多環式アミン |
| KR101798840B1 (ko) | 2017-05-17 | 2017-11-17 | 주식회사 레고켐 바이오사이언스 | 신규 오토탁신 저해 화합물 및 이를 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
| TW202139981A (zh) | 2020-01-22 | 2021-11-01 | 美商西羅斯醫療公司 | 降低nmda拮抗劑之副作用 |
| CN117466836A (zh) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-01-30 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种合成烯丙基叔胺的方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4368996A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-06-17 | Neurogen Corporation | Certain 4-aminomethyl-2-substituted imidazole derivatives and 2-aminomethyl-4-substituted imidazole derivatives; new classes of dopamine receptor subtype specific ligands |
| DE19531321A1 (de) | 1995-08-25 | 1997-02-27 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Piperidinylmethyloxazolidinone |
| ZA9610736B (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-27 | Warner Lambert Co | 2-Substituted piperidine analogs and their use as subtypeselective nmda receptor antagonists |
| ZA9610745B (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-24 | Warner Lambert Co | 4-Subsituted piperidine analogs and their use as subtype selective nmda receptor antagonists |
| ZA9610741B (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-24 | Warner Lambert Co | 4-Substituted piperidine analogs and their use as subtype selective nmda receptor antagonists |
| DE19739332C1 (de) | 1997-09-09 | 1998-11-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Piperidinylmethyloxazolidinon-Derivat |
| US6015824A (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2000-01-18 | Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders |
| DE19812331A1 (de) | 1998-03-20 | 1999-09-23 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Piperidinderivate |
| AU2960599A (en) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-18 | Akira Karasawa | Quinazoline derivatives |
| WO2000018763A2 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2000-04-06 | Neurogen Corporation | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-aminomethylimidazoles: dopamine receptor subtype specific ligands |
-
2001
- 2001-11-30 US US09/998,479 patent/US6642256B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-30 WO PCT/IB2001/002277 patent/WO2002050070A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-30 AU AU2002223968A patent/AU2002223968A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-30 EP EP01271104A patent/EP1345935A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-30 MX MXPA03004652A patent/MXPA03004652A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-30 JP JP2002551566A patent/JP2004516295A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-30 CA CA002436699A patent/CA2436699A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-30 BR BR0116311-6A patent/BR0116311A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-18 UY UY27081A patent/UY27081A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-18 PE PE2001001265A patent/PE20020882A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-19 HN HN2001000280A patent/HN2001000280A/es unknown
- 2001-12-20 TN TNTNSN01175A patent/TNSN01175A1/fr unknown
- 2001-12-21 PA PA20018535901A patent/PA8535901A1/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HN2001000280A (es) | 2002-01-30 |
| BR0116311A (pt) | 2003-09-23 |
| AU2002223968A1 (en) | 2002-07-01 |
| MXPA03004652A (es) | 2003-09-05 |
| JP2004516295A (ja) | 2004-06-03 |
| EP1345935A2 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
| WO2002050070A2 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
| US20030018021A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
| UY27081A1 (es) | 2002-07-31 |
| WO2002050070A3 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| CA2436699A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
| PA8535901A1 (es) | 2002-08-29 |
| US6642256B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
| TNSN01175A1 (fr) | 2005-11-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| PE20020882A1 (es) | Derivados de piperidina como antagonistas selectivos de subtipos del receptor de n-metil-d-aspartato | |
| PE20020510A1 (es) | DERIVADOS DE AZEPILO [4,5b] INDOLINA SUSTITUIDOS COMO LIGANDOS DE LOS RECEPTORES DE SEROTONINA (5-HT) | |
| AR061486A1 (es) | Derivados de 2-pirazinacarboxamida | |
| PE20231295A1 (es) | Inhibidores de prmt5 | |
| ES2148227T3 (es) | Derivados de 1-piperazino-1,2-dihidroindeno. | |
| PE20021041A1 (es) | DERIVADOS DE DIHIDRO-BENZO[b][1,4]DIAZEPIN-2-0NA COMO ANTAGONISTAS II mGLUR2 | |
| BR9206500A (pt) | Heterociclos contendo, nitrogênio tricíclico condensado como antagonistas de substancia receptora P | |
| AR032072A1 (es) | Derivados de quinuclidina novedosos y composiciones medicinales que los contienen | |
| PE20010759A1 (es) | Derivados de benzodiazepina como antagonistas del receptor de glutamato metabotropico | |
| AR065811A1 (es) | Derivados de 2-amino-4h-imidazol-4-ona,composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y usos para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de alzheimer y otros trastornos neurodegenerativos. | |
| PE20120031A1 (es) | Compuestos aril metil benzoquinazolinona como moduladores alostericos positivos del receptor m1 | |
| PE20010600A1 (es) | Derivados de bencimidazolonas que tienen afinidad para receptores mezclados de serotonina y dopamina | |
| UY24482A1 (es) | Quinoxalinadionas | |
| ES2123829T3 (es) | Derivados de 3-(5-tetrazolil-bencil)amino-piperidina y antagonistas de las taquiquininas. | |
| FI942635A0 (fi) | Piperatsiinijohdannaiset 5HT1A-antagonisteina | |
| PE20021067A1 (es) | Empleo de antagonistas del receptor nk3 | |
| AR060593A1 (es) | 5-amido-2-carboxiamida-indoles | |
| AR049696A1 (es) | Derivados de indol | |
| AR059328A1 (es) | Derivados de antranilamida-2-amino-heteroareno-carboxamida, un proceso para su obtencion, composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y el uso de estos compuestos para la fabricacion de un medicamento para el tratamiento de enfermedades mediadas por cetp | |
| PE20040828A1 (es) | Benzoxazinonas como modulares de 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-ht) | |
| AR049433A1 (es) | Derivados de naftalina | |
| AR056861A1 (es) | Compuestos triciclicos fusionados como inhibidores de la necrosis tumoral. composiciones farmaceuticas y procesos de obtencion | |
| AR039119A1 (es) | Derivados de fenil amidas siliconadas utiles como microbiocidas | |
| AR031486A1 (es) | Derivados de pirimidina | |
| AR051333A1 (es) | Derivados de benzodiaepina sustituida por halogeno |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FA | Abandonment or withdrawal |