OA16682A - Electrical current cut-off device, in particular a branch circuit breaker. - Google Patents

Description

ELECTRIC CUT-OFF DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR A CONNECTION CIRCUIT BREAKER.

DESCRIPTION

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to low-voltage electrical current cut-off devices in general, and in particular to electrical current cut-off devices installed in private homes and commonly called “branch circuit breakers”.

STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Document FR 2 295 553 is known describing an electrical current cutting device, said device being housed in an insulating case and comprising at least one unipolar assembly and a control mechanism, said unipolar assembly comprising an insulating base supporting partitions delimiting a interrupting chamber intended to ensure the confinement of the interrupting, said chamber being closed, with the exception of a lateral exhaust opening made in a partition, by a cover which is applied to said interrupting chamber, said chamber containing a fixed contact, a movable contact supported by a movable contact carrier, an arc extinguishing device, said control mechanism being able to be brought manually or automatically into an open position of the contacts by means of a bar said first trigger, said control mechanism comprising a shaft capable of driving said contact carrier.

In this document, the part of the housing intended to achieve the confinement of the cut-off comprises two bulb parts referencing the fixed contacts and the magnetothermal trip units. These two bulb parts are themselves referenced on the base which also serves as the external face. In addition, this base references other mechanical functions, namely the so-called switch mechanism allowing manual operation of the device and the mobile contact support. Thus, this architecture imposes certain types of functions on certain parts, namely, for the bulbs, the functions of mechanical referencing and of cut-off confinement, and for the base, the functions of mechanical referencing and of the external face.

The fact that the parts must perform several different types of function make it necessary to consider the maximum constraints associated with each type of function for each of the parts, namely, dimensional accuracy, mechanical resistance, a material compatible with the cut, aesthetics , etc ...

In addition, because certain parts are referenced on the bulbs, which are referenced on the base, the kinematic chain is lengthened, which leads to uncertainties in the performance of the functions of the product, these uncertainties making adjustments difficult. 'necessary adjustments, for example, of the position settings of the fixed contacts.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes these drawbacks and provides a current breaking device, in particular a branch circuit breaker, of simple design, making it possible to reduce the number of constraints imposed on the various parts by their functions, hence a reduced production cost. device, and making it possible to reduce the number of necessary adjustments, thereby simplifying the assembly of the device.

To this end, the present invention relates to an electrical current cut-off device of the type previously mentioned, this device being characterized in that it comprises on the one hand, a plate comprising means for referencing a set of parts. having a kinematic function, this assembly comprising the aforementioned control mechanism, the fixed contact (s), the movable contact carrier (s), and on the other hand, a part of confinement of the cutoff, called cap, at least partially delimiting the cutoff chamber, said plate comprising means for referencing said cap.

Thus, this plate does not ensure the confinement of the cut and has no aesthetic function, being internal to the product. The only constraints imposed on H this plate are therefore a certain mechanical resistance and a certain dimensional precision.

The containment piece ensures the containment of the cut without having any other function, which makes it possible to choose the material only according to this constraint.

Thus, the number of constraints associated with each of the parts is reduced, resulting in a reduced manufacturing cost of the device.

In addition, this type of architecture reduces the length of the kinematic chain, by the fact that the parts are referenced directly on the plate and no longer on parts called "bulbs", which makes it safer to perform the functions of the machine. produces and reduces the number of necessary adjustment adjustments.

Advantageously, the confinement part of the aforementioned cutout is in one piece. Thus, the number of parts in the device is reduced.

According to one particular characteristic, this device comprises a thermal protection device against prolonged overloads of electric current and / or a magnetic protection device against instantaneous overloads of electric current, and / or a differential protection device in the event of a imbalance between several phases due to an earth fault in the installation to be protected, the protection device (s) cooperating with the control mechanism so as to cause the opening of the contacts when the corresponding fault appears, and in that the aforementioned plate comprises means for referencing at least one of the aforementioned protection devices.

According to another characteristic, this device comprises a differential protection device, and the aforementioned control mechanism comprises on the one hand, a control mechanism called a switch, and on the other hand, a control mechanism called a differential.

According to one particular characteristic, the so-called switch control mechanism and the so-called differential control mechanism are mechanically connected in such a way that during a prolonged or instantaneous overload of the current, the thermal or magnetic protection devices act on a so-called transfer bar. , which acts on a so-called first trip bar, which acts on a so-called second trip bar, which triggers the triggering of the differential mechanism by breaking latching, which causes the triggering of the switch mechanism by breaking latching, this which controls the opening of the movable contact support shaft.

According to another characteristic, the so-called switch control mechanism and the so-called differential control mechanism are mechanically connected in such a way that in the event of an imbalance between several phases, a relay of the differential protection device acts on the so-called trip bar. second, which triggers the differential mechanism (15) by breaking the latching, which triggers the switch mechanism (14) by breaking the latching, which controls the opening of the mobile contact support shaft (8).

According to another characteristic, the unipolar assembly intended for cutting the neutral comprises a part called an arc horn capable of bringing the electric potential above the fixed contact, and in that the aforementioned plate comprises means for referencing said arc horn on the lock.

According to another characteristic, the so-called first trigger bar is mounted articulated relative to said arc horn so as to be referenced on the plate through this arc horn.

According to another characteristic, this device comprises several unipolar assemblies intended respectively for the breaking of a phase or of the neutral and in that it comprises a transfer bar capable of transmitting to the control mechanism the tripping orders coming from the protection devices. different unipolar assemblies, and the plate includes means for referencing said transfer bar.

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Thus, it is possible to easily cut the product into sub-assemblies that can be assembled separately and then aggregated together, these elements then being referenced on the plate during aggregation.

According to another characteristic, the cut-off containment part supports at least one mechanical sub-assembly, said elements of the sub-assembly being intended to be referenced on the plate.

According to another characteristic, at least one of these subassemblies comprises at least part of a magnetic protection device or at least part of a thermal protection device.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the fixed contact (s) on the plate, comprises (s) latching means provided partly on the fixed contact and partly on the plate.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the magnetic protection device (s) comprise (s), for the or each magnetic protection device, a substantially cylindrical body of the plate cooperating with the magnetic core of the coil of the magnetic protection device to ensure the referencing of the coil and the magnetic core on the plate.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the thermal protection device comprise, for the or each thermal protection device, to ensure the positioning of the protection device on the plate, a flat part of the thermal tripping device cooperating with a flat part of the plate and a system comprising studs provided on the plate (or the protection device) cooperating with orifices provided on the device (or respectively the plate), and for fixing, two openings provided respectively in the device and in the platinum.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the so-called switch control mechanism on the plate comprise two flat parts belonging respectively to the mechanism and to the plate, for positioning, and a screw / nut system for fixing.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the transfer bar comprise two studs provided respectively at the two ends of the transfer bar cooperating respectively with two openings provided on the plate.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the movable contact carrier shaft comprise two studs provided respectively at the two ends of said shaft and cooperating with two orifices of the plate.

According to another characteristic, the plate comprises means for referencing the differential mechanism on the plate comprising so-called first referencing means of the differential control mechanism on the so-called switch control mechanism and on the other hand, so-called second referencing means of the switch. differential control mechanism on the plate.

Advantageously, these so-called first referencing means comprise latching means provided partly on the differential control mechanism and partly on the switch control mechanism, as well as an axis of rotation of the handle of the control mechanism being common to the control mechanism. two mechanisms.

And these so-called second referencing means comprise a stud belonging to the differential mechanism cooperating with an orifice in the plate.

According to another characteristic, the two axes of rotation respectively of the two trigger bars called first and second, are substantially coincident. t i

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According to one particular characteristic, the means for referencing the arc horn on the plate comprise latching means provided partly on the plate and partly on the arc horn.

According to another characteristic, the referencing means of the cap comprise retaining means comprising clips provided partly on the cap and partly on the plate, as well as the substantially rectangular internal shape of part of the cap, at the level of the arc extinguishing device, cooperating with the corresponding male form of part of the plate.

According to another characteristic, this device is a branch circuit breaker intended to be located between a meter and an electrical distribution panel in order to connect a private individual to the electrical network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

However, other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and refers to the accompanying drawings, given only by way of example and in which:

-Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating a plate supporting the various elements of a current breaking device according to the invention,

FIG. 2 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 1, before the assembly of the containment parts on the plate,

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the containment part alone,

-Figures 4,5 and 6 are partial perspective views, illustrating the plate and the different referencing areas of the different elements of the device,

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FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view, illustrating the plate after the assembly of the containment parts,

-Figure 7a is a perspective view of the containment room alone,

-Figure 7b is a perspective view of the plate alone,

- Figure 7c is a sectional view of Figure 7,

-Figures 8,8a and 8b are views similar to Figures 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the movable contact carrier shaft,

-The 9, 9a, and 9b are views similar to Figures 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the differential mechanism,

FIGS. 10, 10a and 10b are views similar to FIGS. 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the switch mechanism,

- Figures 11,11a and 11b are views similar to Figures 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the transfer bar,

- Figures 12,12a, 12b are views similar to Figures 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the fixed contacts,

FIGS. 13,13a, 13b are views similar to FIGS. 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the thermal trip unit,

FIGS. 14, 14a, 14b are views similar to FIGS. 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the neutral arc horn and of the trigger bar, FIG. 14c being a view similar to the figure 14, but in a different orientation,

FIGS. 15,15a, 15b are views similar to FIGS. 7,7a, 7b, but illustrating the mounting on the plate of the magnetic core of the magnetic protection device, FIG. 15c being a view in section of FIG. 15.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION.

In Figure 1 has been shown a plate P on which are mounted the various elements of an electrical protection device such as a branch circuit breaker allowing a private individual to be connected to the electrical network, said circuit breaker being intended to be located between a meter and electrical panel. This assembly is intended to be mounted in an insulating box (not shown), this box having an opening intended for the passage of a handle M intended for operating the device and comprising openings for access to the input terminals. and to output terminals intended to be electrically connected respectively to the meter and to the electrical panel.

This device is of the multipolar type and mainly comprises a control mechanism 1 and, according to this particular embodiment, four unipolar assemblies 2, 3, 4, 5 comprising three assemblies 2, 3, 4 intended for the breaking of a phase and an assembly unipolar 5 intended for breaking the neutral, with each of these assemblies being associated an input terminal and an output terminal. Each unipolar assembly 2, 3, 4, 5 has a fixed contact 6 electrically connected by a flexible conductor to one of the terminals, and a movable contact 7 electrically connected by a flexible conductor to the other of the terminals.

This movable contact 7 is supported by a movable contact-carrier shaft 8 common to all the unipolar assemblies, and capable of being driven in rotation by a control mechanism 1 between a position in which the fixed 6 and movable 7 contacts are open and a position in which the fixed and mobile contacts are closed.

The opening of the contacts can be controlled either manually by operating a handle M belonging to the control mechanism 1, or automatically by means of a protection device comprising a magnetic protection device 9 against instantaneous overloads of

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ΙΟ electric current, and a thermal protection device 10 against prolonged overloads of electric current.

Thus, each phase 2, 3, 4 unipolar assembly comprises an electrical circuit comprising, mounted in series with the fixed 6 and movable 7 contacts, a thermal protection device 10 and a magnetic protection device 9, these two devices being able to be mounted in series or in parallel depending on the rating. These two protection devices 9,10 each comprise an actuator capable of acting on a so-called transfer bar 11, said bar extending substantially parallel to the direction of alignment of the unipolar assemblies 2,3,4 and being intended to transmit the 'Triggering or opening order of the contacts to the control mechanism 1, which acts to drive the movable contact-carrier shaft 8 into an open position of the contacts 6,7 of all the single-pole assemblies.

This device also includes a differential protection device 13 capable of sending an opening order to the control mechanism during an imbalance caused by a receiver having a fault current.

The control mechanism 1 is formed by a first mechanism called switch 14 and a second called differential mechanism 15.

The operation of such an electrical protection device is as follows:

When a prolonged or instantaneous current overload occurs, the thermal or magnetic protection devices act on a transfer bar 11, which acts on a so-called first trip bar 12, which acts on a so-called second trip bar 16 , which causes the triggering of the differential mechanism 15 by breaking the latching, which causes the triggering of the switch mechanism 14 by breaking the latching, which controls the opening of the contact carrier shaft 8.

When an imbalance occurs between several phases, the relay of the differential protection device acts on the so-called second trip bar, which triggers the trip of the differential mechanism 15 by breaking the latching, which triggers the triggering of the mechanism. switch 14 by latching break, which controls the opening of the contact carrier shaft 8.

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During manual opening, the operation of the lever M controls the mechanisms 14 and 15, which controls the opening of the contacts via a connecting rod (not shown).

As is more particularly illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, each aforementioned phase unipolar sub-assembly 2,3,4 further comprises a so-called cut-off containment part 17, more commonly called a "cap", which is intended to be fixed on the plate P and comprises three walls 18,19,20 folded so as to define a substantially parallelepipedal recess 21 closed at its lower part by the plate P. This recess 21 forms an interrupting chamber housing an extinguishing chamber of arc 22, a fixed contact 6 and a movable contact 7, said interrupting chamber being intended to be closed at its upper part 23, and comprising an upper opening 24 intended to allow the escape of gases.

As more particularly illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, according to this particular embodiment of the invention, the containment part 17 supports the coil 25 of the magnetic protection device 9 and the bimetal 26 of the thermal protection device 10.

This device also includes a part called the neutral arc horn 27, this part being well known to specialists, its function will therefore not be described in more detail, and being intended to be fixed on the plate P.

According to the invention, this arc horn 27 is also intended to support the so-called first trigger bar 12, which is mounted to rotate about a fixed axis X of this arc horn 27. Advantageously, the trigger bar said second differential 16, is mounted in rotation around an axis (not visible in the figures) substantially coincident with the axis of rotation X of the said first trip bar 12, this characteristic having the consequence of the absence of risk of friction between the two parts.

According to the invention, all the parts of the device having a kinematic function, namely the fixed contacts 6, the movable contact-carrier shaft 8, the magnetic 9 and thermal 10 releases, the so-called switch 14 and differential 15 mechanisms, the transfer bar 11, the trip bars 12, 16, the neutral arc horn 27, and the containment part 17, are intended to be referenced or even, depending on the case, fixed to the plate P.

Figure 4 illustrates the referencing zone A on the plate P of the magnetic protection device 9 and the referencing zone B of the neutral arc horn 27 and of the so-called first trigger bar 12.

FIG. 5 illustrates the referencing zone C of the fixed contacts 6 and of the containment part 17, and the referencing zone D of the thermal protection device 10.

FIG. 6 illustrates the referencing zone E of the differential mechanism 15, the referencing zone F of the control mechanism called switch 14, the referencing zone G of the transfer bar 11, and the referencing zone H of the mobile contact carrier 8.

Figures 7 to 7c illustrate the fixing and referencing of the containment part 17 on the plate P.

These fixing means comprise two clips 28,29 provided at the lower part of the containment part 17 and located respectively on two opposite edges of two facing walls delimiting the interrupting chamber, said clips being intended to cooperate with two corresponding openings 30 , 31 of the P.

In addition, the rectangular internal shape of a part 32 of the containment part 17 at the level of the fin block 33 surrounds a corresponding male form of a part 34 of the plate, thus achieving the positioning of the containment part. 17 compared to plate P.

Means for maintaining the containment room 17 can also advantageously be considered at the front of the containment room.

As illustrated in Figures 8,8a and 8b, the referencing and fixing of the contact-carrier shaft 8 is achieved by means of two studs 35,36 provided respectively at the two opposite ends of the shaft 8 and intended to cooperate respectively with two orifices 37,38 provided respectively in two parts forming a support 39,40 of the plate.

As illustrated in FIGS. 9, 9a and 9b, the means for fixing and referencing the differential mechanism 15 comprise so-called first means for fixing and referencing the differential mechanism 15 on the so-called switch mechanism 14 and so-called second means of referencing and fixing the differential mechanism 15 on the plate P. These first means ^ L comprise two clips 41,42 (fig.9) belonging to a wall of the differential mechanism 15 intended to cooperate with two corresponding shapes 43,44 (fig. lOa) belonging to a wall 45 of the switch mechanism 14, and a Z axis (fig.10a) associated with the Z lever and common to the said switch mechanism and to the differential mechanism.

These so-called second means comprise a stud 46 provided on a wall 47 of the so-called differential mechanism intended to cooperate with a corresponding orifice 48 provided in a support 49 of the plate P. We will also note the presence of a U axis intended for positioning and maintaining the relay in the differential mechanism.

As illustrated in Figures 10, 10a and 10b, the referencing means of the switch mechanism 14 on the plate P comprises a screw and nut system 50, the screws (not shown) being introduced from the outer face of a flat part of the plate which is used for positioning the switch mechanism.

As illustrated in Figures 11,11a and 11b, the referencing means of the transfer bar 11 on the plate P comprise two studs 51,52 provided at the two ends of the bar 11 and respectively cooperating with two openings 53,54 provided in plate P.

As illustrated in Figures 12,12a, 12b, the fixed contacts 6 are introduced into corresponding recesses 55,56,57 and 58 of the plate and retained in these recesses by means of two retaining elements 59,60 belonging to the plate P and located opposite each other, these two elements forming clips and thus ensuring the referencing of the fixed contacts in the recesses.

As illustrated in FIGS. 13,13a, 13b, the means for referencing the thermal protection device 10 on the plate comprise two studs 61,62 provided on the plate P intended to cooperate with two openings 63,64 provided in a wall 65 of the thermal trip device, as well as an opening 66 provided on the plate P intended to cooperate with another opening 67 provided in the aforementioned wall, these two openings being intended to cooperate with a screw / nut system.

As illustrated in Figures 14 to 14c, the means for referencing the neutral arc horn 27 on the plate comprise a system comprising clips 68, 69, 70, 71 provided partly on the plate and partly on the plate. neutral arc horn.

The means for referencing the so-called first trigger bar 12 on the arc horn 27 are formed mainly by the fact that the trigger bar 12 is mounted articulated relative to this arc horn 27.

In FIGS. 15 to 15c, the means for referencing the magnetic protection devices 9 relative to the plate are represented, which comprise, for each phase unipolar sub-assembly, a cylindrical body 72 of the plate intended to receive the magnetic core 73 of the coil 25, which coil 25 then comes into position and is referenced on the cylindrical body 72.

According to the invention, therefore, an electric current cut-off device of simple design has been produced, making it possible to reduce the number of constraints imposed on each of the parts. Thus, the plate does not ensure the confinement of the cut and has no aesthetic function being internal to the product. The only constraints on this part are therefore the mechanical strength and dimensional accuracy by the fact that it references all the parts having a kinematic function.

In addition, due to this architecture, the assembly formed on the plate is very compact, which further increases the precision of the dimensions on this plate.

Since the containment part has no other function than that of ensuring the containment of the cut, this makes it possible to choose the material only according to this constraint.

In addition, this architecture has the industrial advantage of the two-bulb architecture, namely, the ability to easily cut the product into sub-assemblies that can be assembled separately and then aggregated together.

Indeed, the containment room can support certain kinematic elements which will be referenced on the plate during aggregation.

Finally, this architecture consumes less in terms of the number of parts.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and illustrated which has been given by way of example only.

Thus, for example, the invention has been described above when applied to the case of a four-pole current-breaking device consisting of a unipolar assembly for the neutral of the power supply and three unipolar phase assemblies equipped. of a protection device both against permanent overloads and of a protection device against instantaneous current overloads, said current breaking device also comprising a differential protection device.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the case of a four-pole power cut-off device and applies to all cases where it is desired to cut a power supply.

On the contrary, the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means 15 described as well as their combinations if they are carried out according to its spirit

Claims (24)

1. Electrical current cut-off apparatus, said apparatus being housed in an insulating housing and comprising at least one uni-polar assembly and a control mechanism, said uni-polar assembly comprising an insulating base supporting partitions delimiting an interrupting chamber intended to ensure the confinement of the breaking, said chamber being closed at least partially by a cover which is applied on said breaking chamber, said chamber containing a fixed contact, a movable contact supported by a movable contact holder, an extinguishing device d 'arc, said control mechanism being able to be brought manually or automatically into an open position of the contacts by means of a so-called first trigger bar, said control mechanism comprising a shaft capable of driving said contact carrier, characterized in that that it comprises on the one hand, a plate P comprising means for referencing a set of parts having a cinematographic function ic, this assembly comprising the aforementioned control mechanism (1), the fixed contact (s) (6), the mobile contact carrier (s) (8), and d 'on the other hand, a part for confining the cut-off (17), called the cap, at least partially delimiting the cut-off chamber (22), said plate P comprising means for referencing said cap (17). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the confinement part of the aforementioned cut-out (17) is in one piece. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a thermal protection device (10) against prolonged overloads of electric current and / or a magnetic protection device (9) against instantaneous overloads of electric current , and / or a differential protection device (13) in the event of an imbalance between several phases due to an n> L earth fault of the installation to be protected, the protection device or devices cooperating with the mechanism control (1) so as to cause the opening of the contacts (6, 7) when the corresponding fault appears, and in that the aforementioned plate P comprises means for referencing at least one of the protection devices cited above (9,10). 4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a differential protection device (13), and in that the aforementioned control mechanism (1) comprises on the one hand, a mechanism control said switch (14) and on the other hand, a control mechanism called differential (15). 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the said switch control mechanism and the said differential control mechanism are mechanically connected so that during a prolonged or instantaneous overload of the current, the thermal or magnetic protection devices act on a so-called transfer bar (11), which acts on a so-called first trip bar (12), which acts on a so-called second trip bar (16), which triggers the differential mechanism (15) by breaking latching, which triggers the switch mechanism (14) by breaking the latching, which controls the opening of the movable contact support shaft (8). 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the said switch control mechanism and the said differential control mechanism are mechanically connected such that in the case of an imbalance between several phases, a relay of the control device differential protection acts on the so-called second trip bar, which triggers the differential mechanism (15) by latching break, which causes the switch mechanism (14) to trip by latching break, which controls the opening of the movable contact support shaft (8). 7. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the unipolar assembly for cutting the neutral comprises a so-called arc horn part (27) capable of bringing the electric potential above the fixed contact (6). , and in that the aforementioned plate P comprises means for referencing said arc horn (27) on the plate P. 8. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6 and 7, characterized in that the said first trigger bar (12) is mounted articulated relative to said arc horn (27) so as to be referenced on the plate P by the 'intermediary of this arc horn (27). 9. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises several unipolar assemblies (2,3,4,5) intended respectively for cutting a phase or neutral, in that it comprises a transfer bar (11) capable of transmitting to the control mechanism (1) the tripping orders coming from the protection devices (9,10,13) of the different unipolar assemblies (2,3,4,5), and in this that the plate P comprises means for referencing said transfer bar (11). 10. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cut-off containment part (17) supports at least one mechanical sub-assembly, said elements of the sub-assembly being intended to be referenced on the plate P . 11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one of these sub-assemblies comprises at least part of a magnetic protection device (9) or at least part of a thermal protection device ( 10). 12. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the referencing means of the contact (s) fixed (s) (6) on the plate P, comprises (s) latching means ( 59,60) provided partly on the fixed contact (6) and partly on the plate P. 13. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the referencing means of the device (s)) of magnetic protection (9) comprises (s), for the or each magnetic protection device (9), a substantially cylindrical body ( 72) of the plate P cooperating with the magnetic core (73) of the coil (25) of the magnetic protection device in order to ensure the referencing of the coil and of the magnetic core on the plate. 14. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the referencing means of the thermal protection device (10) comprise, for the or each thermal protection device, to ensure the positioning of the protection device on the plate, a flat part of the thermal triggering device cooperating with a flat part of the plate and a system comprising pads (61, 62) provided on the plate (or the protection device) cooperating with orifices (63, 64) provided on the device (or respectively the plate), and for fixing, two openings (67,66) provided respectively in the device and in the plate. 15. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the referencing means of the control mechanism said switch (14) on the plate P comprise two flat parts belonging respectively to the mechanism and to the plate, for positioning, and a screw system / nuts (50), for fixing. 16. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the referencing means of the transfer bar (11) comprise two studs (51,52) provided respectively at the two ends of the transfer bar (11) respectively cooperating with two openings (53,54) provided on the plate. 17. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the referencing means of the movable contact carrier shaft (8) comprise two studs (35,36) provided respectively at the two ends of said shaft (8) and cooperating with two orifices. (37,38) of plate P. 18. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the plate P comprises means for referencing the differential mechanism (15) on the plate P comprising so-called first referencing means of the differential control mechanism (15) on the control mechanism said switch (14) and on the other hand, so-called second referencing means of the differential control mechanism (15) on the plate P. 19. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the said first referencing means comprise latching means (41,42,43,44) provided partly on the differential control mechanism (15) and partly on the switch control mechanism (14), as well as a Z axis of rotation of the handle M of the control mechanism (1), said axis being common to the two mechanisms. 20. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the so-called second referencing means comprise a stud (46) belonging to the differential mechanism (15) cooperating with an orifice (48) of the plate P. 21. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the two axes of rotation X respectively of the two trigger bars (12,16) said first and second, are substantially coincident. 22. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the referencing means of the arc horn (27) on the plate P comprise latching means (68, 69, 70, 71) provided in part on plate P and partly on the arc horn (27). 2l 23. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the referencing means of the cap (17) comprise retaining means (28,29) comprising clips provided in part on the cap (17) and in part on the ptatin P, as well as the inner form (32) 5 substantially rectangular part of the hood, at the level of the arc extinguishing device (33), cooperating with the corresponding male shape of a part (34) of the plate P. 24. Electrical protection device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a branch circuit breaker intended to be located between a meter and an electrical distribution board in order to connect a private individual to the electrical network.