NZ572108A - Bio-stimulant nitrogen response enhancer for improved plant growth - Google Patents

Bio-stimulant nitrogen response enhancer for improved plant growth

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Publication number
NZ572108A
NZ572108A NZ57210808A NZ57210808A NZ572108A NZ 572108 A NZ572108 A NZ 572108A NZ 57210808 A NZ57210808 A NZ 57210808A NZ 57210808 A NZ57210808 A NZ 57210808A NZ 572108 A NZ572108 A NZ 572108A
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New Zealand
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composition
urea
strains
bacteria
yeast
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NZ57210808A
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Timothy Allen Jenkins
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Donaghys Ind Pty Ltd
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Priority to NZ57210808A priority Critical patent/NZ572108A/en
Publication of NZ572108A publication Critical patent/NZ572108A/en

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Abstract

Provided is a composition for improving plant growth or plant development comprising a fermentation broth formulated for foliar application, wherein the fermentation broth comprises a mixture of cellular components from one or more strains of bacteria and one or more strains of yeast which have been grown in a broth to a range of about 106 to about 1010 cfu/ml and then lysed in the broth. The bacteria may be Lactobacillus, Streptococcus or Propionibacter.

Description

7 s A *10058789587* PATENTS FORM NO. 5 Fee No. 4: $250.00 PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION After Provisional No: 572108 Dated: 20 October 2008 Bio-stimulant nitrogen response enhancer for improved plant growth WE Donaghys Industries Limited, a New Zealand company of Unit D, 14- 16 Sheffield Crescent, Harewood, Christchurch, New Zealand hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ Bio-stimulant nitrogen response enhancer for improved plant growth STATEMENT OF CORRESPONDING APPLICATIONS This application is based on the Provisional specification filed in relation to New Zealand Patent Application Number 572108, the entire contents of which are 5 incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention encompasses a method of improving plant growth responses, reducing nitrogen input, and improving plant development by application of a plant bio-stimulant composition in combination with urea and/or 10 other agricultural compounds. A method for combining the composition with urea and/or other agricultural compounds is also encompassed. The present invention further encompasses a bio-stimulant composition for obtaining improved plant growth, either combined or uncombined with urea and/or other agricultural compounds.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION New Zealand has traditionally relied on clover and other legumes to biologically fix the nitrogen that is required to grow pasture. More recently, there has been increased use of nitrogen fertilisers such as urea to increase pasture production further and address seasonal deficits in feed supply.
There are a number of negative environmental consequences of excessive use of nitrogen fertilisers. The one that is most publicised is the potential to increase the level of nitrates that are leached into groundwater and can therefore pollute waterways. There are also implications relevant to the concern over greenhouse 2 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ gases. The use of high amounts of nitrogen fertiliser can increase the level of denitrification that can occur leading to higher levels of nitrous oxide emissions (a potent greenhouse gas). Furthermore, the production of artificial nitrogen fertiliser is highly energy intensive; this energy requirement is derived from the burning of 5 natural gas resulting in the production of the other greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. This also represents a significant use of a limited natural gas resource increasingly important for other uses including electricity generation.
Use of nitrogen fertiliser is steadily increasing. In New Zealand, a country with an economy that relies heavily on dairy, sheep and beef farming, total fertiliser use 10 increased by 113 percent from 1986 to 2002 (Statistics New Zealand, Fertiliser use and the environment, August 2006). The application of urea increased by approximately 27 percent between 2002 and 2004 (ibid.).
A problem with the application of nitrogen fertilisers is that often excess nitrogen is applied to the pasture. In addition, if nitrogen is not applied at the correct time, for 15 example, if it is applied when plants are not actively growing, the loss of nitrogen is exacerbated. There are several approaches that have been taken to minimise adverse effects of fertiliser use. One such approach is the use of nitrification inhibitors.
The most common nitrification inhibitors are 2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl)pyridine, 20 dicyandiamide and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate. Such inhibitors act to reduce nitrate leaching and nitrogen oxide emissions. Plant growth is increased.
However, the effects can be variable and depend on timing of application, amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied and physical factors such as soil temperature, moisture, and pH.
Urease inhibitors have also been used to prevent loss of nitrogen to the 3 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ atmosphere by volatilisation as ammonia. Urease inhibitors act by slowing the rate of hydrolysis. Other ways of reducing nitrogen loss are through farm management practices, including timing of application of fertiliser, split fertiliser applications, grazing management, pasture species choices, cropping type and landscape 5 modification.
However, there remains a need for new products and methods for improving plant growth responses and development, while reducing nitrogen input.
It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
All references, including any patents or patent applications cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. The discussion of the references states what their authors assert, and the applicants reserve the right to challenge the accuracy and pertinency of the cited documents. It will be clearly understood that, although a 15 number of prior art publications are referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that any of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art, in New Zealand or in any other country.
Throughout this specification, the word "comprise", or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated 20 element, integer or step, or group of elements integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only. 4 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention encompasses a microbial bio-stimulant composition that has been shown to increase pasture productivity alone and in conjunction with the use of solid nitrogen fertiliser. The mode of action includes stimulating nitrogen uptake 5 and amino acid synthesis.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means for stimulating plant growth with up to 50% less urea, or at least provides a useful alternative to other means of stimulating plant growth.
In one aspect, the invention comprises a method of improving plant growth by 10 application of a bio-stimulant composition either combined or uncombined with urea and/or other agricultural compounds. The method may also be used to reduce nitrogen input and improve plant development. The agricultural compounds may be urea, fertilisers, foliar fertilisers, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, or mineral solutions.
In another aspect, the invention comprises a bio-stimulant composition for improving plant growth either combined or uncombined with urea and/or other agricultural compounds. The composition may also be used to reduce nitrogen input and improve plant development. The agricultural compound may be urea, fertiliser, herbicide, insecticides, fungicides or foliar fertilisers or mineral solutions.
In a particular aspect, the bio-stimulant composition of the invention comprises a fermentation broth comprising one or more species or strains of microorganisms which have been grown in the fermentation broth and then killed or lysed to produce a mixture of cellular components in the fermentation broth (e.g., lysed fermentation broth).
James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ In a further aspect, the present invention comprises a method for combining the bio-stimulant composition of the invention with urea and/or other agricultural compounds. In one particular aspect, the method comprises dissolving urea in water and adding the bio-stimulant composition to the solution. This can be 5 applied to the plants to achieve more even application (e.g., via spraying) than is possible with granular application of urea. This can also take advantage of the increases foliar uptake and decreased foliage nitrate levels of the bio-stimulant composition.
In a still further aspect, the present invention comprises a formulation combining 10 the bio-stimulant composition of the invention with urea and/or other agricultural compounds. The formulation can comprise dissolved urea added to the bio-stimulant composition. This formulation can be adapted, for example, for foliar applications (e.g., foliar sprays or drips). The formulation can be used to improve plant growth.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition for improving plant growth or plant development comprising a fermentation broth, wherein the fermentation broth comprises a mixture of cellular components from one or more strains of bacteria and one or more strains of yeast which have been 20 grown in a broth and then lysed in the broth.
Preferably the bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Propionibacter strains.
Preferably the yeast are selected from Saccharomyces strains. 6 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ Preferably the bacteria are one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus or Propionibacter freudenreichii.
Preferably the yeast are Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Preferably the one or more strains of bacteria or one or more strains of yeast are 5 grown to a range of about 106 to about 1010 cfu/ml.
Preferably the one or more strains of bacteria or one or more strains of yeast are grown to a range of about 107 cfu/ml to about 109 cfu/ml.
Preferably the bacteria and the yeast are lysed by application of an increase in pressure followed by a rapid decrease in pressure.
Preferably the bacteria and the yeast are lysed by a fixed geometry fluid processor.
Preferably the composition further comprises any one of a fertiliser, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide or mineral solution.
Preferably the composition further comprises urea.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.15 kg/L to about 0.25 kg/L.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.18 kg/L to about 0.22 kg/L.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.35 kg/L to about 0.45 kg/L.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.38 kg/L to about 0.42 kg/L.
Preferably the composition is formulated for foliar application.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for 20 improving plant growth or plant development comprising applying the composition 7 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ of any one of claims 1 to 16 to a plant, thereby improving the plant growth or plant development.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for improving plant growth or development comprising applying a formulation 5 comprising the composition of any one of claims 1 to 10 and urea to a plant, thereby improving the plant growth or plant development.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.15 kg/L to about 0.25 kg/L.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.18 kg/L to about 0.22 kg/L.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.35 kg/L to about 0.45 kg/L.
Preferably the urea is included at a range of about 0.38 kg/L to about 0.42 kg/L.
Preferably the formulation is applied by foliar application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS This invention is described with reference to specific embodiments thereof and with reference to the figures.
Figure 1: Field testing results for the bio-stimulant composition of the invention (Donaghys LessN® 40) compared to sprays containing the same amount of urea (U 40) and double the amount of urea (U 80) at Day 23.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof as defined in the appended claims. 8 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The bio-stimulant of the invention is produced by fermentation of a single species or combination of microorganisms including but not limited to lactic acid bacteria and yeasts that are then killed or lysed. Any microorganism or combinations of 5 microorganisms capable of fermentation can be used in accordance with the invention. The fermentation can involve growing a liquid broth that includes carbohydrate and mineral sources for the microorganisms. Any fermentation media can be used, and many suitable media are well known in the art.
Bacteria useful for the invention include but are not limited to Lactobacillus 10 plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus (also called Streptococcus salivarius) and Propionibacter freudenreichii. The invention encompasses various species of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Propionibacter. As further examples, the invention encompasses Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, 15 Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc oenos, Bifidobacter bifidus, Propionibacter shermani, Propionibacter pelophilus, and Propionivibrio limicola.
Yeasts useful for the invention include but are not limited to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The invention encompasses various species of Saccharomyces. As 20 further examples, the invention encompasses Saccharomyces pastorianus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Saccharomyces bayanus, Saccharomyces exiguous, Saccharomyces pombe, as well as species of Candida, Pichia, Hanseniaspora, Metschnikowia, Issatchenkia, Kluyveromyces, and Kloeckera. 9 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ In accordance with the invention, the microorganisms produce a range of growth promoting compounds including cytokinins, betaines, gibberellins and antioxidants. There is also a range of amino acids, oligopeptides and cell fragments resulting from the lysis of the microorganisms. In particular aspects, the microorganisms 5 can be grown in the media to concentrations of about 104 cfu/ml, about 105 cfu/ml, about 106 cfu/ml, about 107 cfu/ml, about 10® cfu/ml, about 109 cfu/ml, about 1010 cfu/ml, about 1011 cfu/ml, about 1012 cfu/ml, about 1013 cfu/ml, about 1014 cfu/ml, or in a range of about 106 to about 1010 cfu/ml, or about 107 cfu/ml to about 10® cfu/ml.
The microorganisms can be killed or lysed by various means, for example, by freezing, heating, bead beating, detergents including non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents, low pH treatment including by hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids, and high pH treatment including by sodium hydroxide. Also included is enzymatic lysis including but not limited to one or more of types of cellulase, 15 glycanase, lysozyme, lysostaphin, mannase, mutanolysin, protease and zymolase enzymes.
Included also is solvent treatment such as with sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment followed by acetone solvent use, or ultrasonic treatment. Further included are means which increase pressure followed by a rapid decrease in pressure such as 20 is achievable with a pressure bomb, cell bomb, or with processors that provide high shear pressure such as valve type processors including but not limited to French pressure cell press or rotor-stator processors or fixed geometry fluid processors.
The compositions and formulations of the invention can be applied to plants by various means, including sprays, sprinklers, drips, dips, drenches, dressings, oils, 25 and any type of irrigation system. As non-limiting examples, the invention James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ encompasses foliar sprays, turf sprays, in-furrow sprays, root dips, root drenches, stem drenches, seedling drenches, tuber drenches, fruit drenches, soil drenches, soil drips, and soil injections. As further examples, the compositions and formulations can be applied in dry form, e.g., granules, microgranules, powders, 5 pellets, sticks, flakes, crystals, and crumbles.
For formulations, the bio-stimulant composition can be combined with urea, e.g., for concentrations of urea at about 0.1 kg/L, about 0.12 kg/L, about 0.15 kg/L, about 0.18 kg/L, about 0.2 kg/L, about 0.22 kg/L, about 0.25 kg/L, about 0.28 kg/L, about 0.3 kg/L, about 0.35 kg/L, about 0.38 kg/L, about 0.4 kg/L, about 0.42 kg/L, about 0.45 kg/L, about 0.48 kg/L, or about 0.50 kg/L, or in a range of about 0.15 kg/L to about 0.25 kg/L, or about 0.18 kg/L to about 0.22 kg/L, or about 0.35 kg/L to about 0.45 kg/L, or about 0.38 kg/L to about 0.42 kg/L.
The composition of the present invention can be used to stimulate plant growth and the plant immune system. It can be used to overcome periods of plant stress.
In particular, the bio-stimulant composition of the present invention can be used to assist the plant to achieve more efficient nutrient utilisation. The composition of the present invention is understood to act as a biological growth promoter that assists pasture production through the stimulation of plant photosynthesis, proliferation of the fine feeder roots and subsequent increased nutrient uptake.
The bio-stimulant composition can be applied at a time when soil temperatures are conducive to pasture or crop growth response. The composition can be applied by diluting by a factor of at least one in ten and can be distributed by spraying or through irrigation. The bio-stimulant composition can be used for improving pasture growth and is also useful on a wide range of crops. 11 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ The composition of the present invention may comprise a range of naturally produced and balanced growth promotion factors. The principal precursors are forms of cytokinin (a microbial and plant hormone responsible for promoting cell division and growth), betaines (substances used by plant cells for protection 5 against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity or high temperature) and oligopeptides (short chains of amino acids that improve nutrient uptake through cell membranes). Although plants produce their own cytokinin, production may be restricted when the plant is under stress.
The use of the composition of the present invention enhances nitrogen utilisation. 10 It has also been shown to encourage white clover growth relative to perennial ryegrass. This has benefits because of the high feed value of white clover and the importance of root nodules of this plant in fixing atmospheric nitrogen so that more nitrogen is available for use by the plant itself and other pasture plants. In addition, the use of the composition of the invention reduces the amount of urea that needs 15 to be applied. This benefits the clover component of pasture because higher rates of nitrogen can potentially reduce nitrogen fixation rates of clover and also favours grass growth over clover growth.
EXAMPLES The examples described herein are for purposes of illustrating embodiments of the 20 invention. Other embodiments, methods, and types of analyses are within the scope of persons of ordinary skill in the molecular diagnostic arts and need not be described in detail hereon. Other embodiments within the scope of the art are considered to be part of this invention.
EXAMPLE 1 12 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ Fermentation broth The bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Propionibacter freudenreichii and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated and maintained using standard methods known in the art. A broth medium 5 was prepared using Diffco™ Lactobacilli MRS Broth augmented with the following ingredients.
Table 1. Fermentation broth composition (all ingredients per litre of broth) DiffcoTM Lactobacilli MRS Broth 55 g Urea 2g Carrot Juice 1.25 mL Molasses powder from sugar cane 2.5 g The broth was prepared by constant stirring while bring to the boil and keeping 10 there for one minute. This ensured full dissolving of the broth medium, urea and molasses.
The broth was then sterilised in autoclave (121°C for 15 mins) and poured into a sterilised 20 L bioreactor. After the broth was cooled to about 35°C, pure cultures of the three bacterial species (minimum of 106 colony forming units or cfu's for 15 each species) and one yeast species (minimum 104 cfu's) were then added to the broth using standard sterile technique known in the art to avoid contamination with other microbial species. The fermentation was run for 12 days at 35°C by which stage there were at least 108 cfu per mL of the dominant species Lactobacillus plantarum.
The fermentation broth was then placed in a fixed geometry fluid processor for cell lysis of the microorganisms. Two passes were required with the broth being 13 James & Wells Ref: 45515N2 cooled in between passes to compensate for the temperature increase due to pressurisation and release. The process was optimised for pressure to a maximum of 200 MPa.
EXAMPLE 2 S Preparation of the formulation with dissolved urea Urea fertiliser prills were dissolved in water at a concentration of 40 kg urea per 197 L total volume. Dissolution was aided by agitation of the water without a requirement for heating the water.
The dissolving of urea is an endothermic process and the time taken to dissolve 10 depends on the concentration of urea and total volume involved as well as the initial temperature of the water and the method of agitation. With constant stirring and an initial water temperature of 12°C, the complete dissolution of urea (sourced from Ballance Agri-nutrients Limited, Tauranga New Zealand) at the above concentration and volume took 7 minutes. Source and amount of hardener added 15 to urea prills in their manufacture are likely to affect the speed of dissolution in water.
The dissolved urea solution had a pH of around 9.0. The majority of the nitrogen, however, was found to remain in the organic form. Titrametric determination as known in the art revealed only 0.004% ammonium nitrogen and 0.002% nitrate 20 nitrogen expressed in terms of grams of these forms per 100 mL of solution.
Once the urea was fully dissolved, lysed fermentation broth as prepared in Example 1 was added at a rate of 3 L broth to 197 L volume of urea solution. As the broth had an acidic pH of 3.6 due largely to the presence of organic acid fermentation products, the pH of the total solution was brought closer to neutral to 14 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ a pH of around 6.2. Both the dissolved urea and the comparatively small amount of broth had a low buffering effect on solution pH.
The prepared solution was then ready to be applied to pasture or suitable crops. EXAMPLE 3 Field experiment utilising the formulation on pasture in conjunction with dissolved urea fertiliser Introduction: The field trial's objective was to identify if Donaghys LessN® (3L/ha) applied in combination with 40 kg/ha urea (18 kg N), would increase the pasture dry matter (DM) response to a level equivalent to 80 kg/ha urea (37 kg 10 N/ha). Pasture DM accumulation was measured by Grass Master (GM) probe on Day one (pre-treatment, start point) and 21 Days after treatment application. The GM Probe estimated DM accumulation using pre-programmed calibration equation provided by the manufacturer.
Methodology. A dairy farm property with irrigation was selected in mid-15 Canterbury region of New Zealand in December 2007. A recently grazed paddock with even pasture cover was selected to reduce variability between plots. The paddock was in re-growth phase having just been grazed by stock. Livestock were excluded from the trial area during the trial period.
A complete randomised block design (CRBD) consisting of 4 treatments (Figurel) 20 with 5 replicate plots used for each treatment. This provided a total of 20 plots, which was divided into 5 blocks. Within each block one replicate of all 5 treatments was randomly assigned.
James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ Within each block, treatments were randomly allocated to plots, using a random number generator. Plots were 4 m wide by a 100 m long. The spray boom was 4 m wide. Plots were marked with 60 cm long flags, at 0, halfway and full length.
Pre-treatment pasture dry matter was estimated for each plot by using the Grass 5 Master Probe. Measurements were taken on every other pace one way up the plot length, randomly dropping probe to near where foot falls but at least 15 cm away from body to avoid false reading. This resulted in around 50-65 readings for each plot. Individual readings were spoken into an audio recorder and later listened and entered into Excel sheet for analysis. Readings were taken in each plot without 10 knowledge of what the plot treatment is to eliminate risk of bias. The probe was set to "slow" reading (i.e. takes around 3 seconds to read). The probe was left stable for each reading until it emitted a beep. Average pasture cover recorded on the first day was used as the baseline for each plot from which growth was based.
The spray tank was cleaned and the nozzles checked. The spray pump is set at 15 30 psi. The spray rig was calibrated, using containers to collect volume of spray over time information from each nozzle, to deliver 200 L per hectare equivalent using the amount of time to deliver given volume of water and maintaining an appropriate speed (10 km/hour).
Control: Fifty 50 litres of water was added to the spray tank. The pump was 20 started 1-2 m prior to plot perimeter and the vehicle was driven steadily at the determined speed (around 10 km/hour) over each control plot. The tank was then emptied.
U40- (Dissolved Urea sprayed at 40 kg N/ha): Twenty litres of water was added to the spray tank and then 10 kg of urea prills was added. The water was stirred 16 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ until all urea dissolved. The tank was then topped up with approximately 23 L of water to make a total volume of 50 L. The nozzles were checked again for correct operating and the pressure set at 30 psi. The pump was started 1-2 m prior to plot perimeter and the vehicle was driven steadily at the determined speed (around 10 5 km/hour) over each U40 plot. The tank was then emptied and rinsed out with water.
Donaghys LessN® 40- (Dissolved Urea sprayed at 40 kg N/ha with 3 L of the broth called Donaghys LessN®): Twenty litres of water was added to the spray tank and then 10 kg of urea prills was added. The water was stirred until all urea 10 dissolved. Fermentation broth was at 0.75 L to the solution and then the tank was topped up with approximately 22.25 L of water to make a total volume of 50 L. The nozzles were checked again for correct operating and the pressure set at 30 psi. The pump was started 1-2 m prior to plot perimeter and the vehicle was driven steadily at the determined speed (around 10 km/hour) over each Donaghys 15 LessN® 40 plot. Turn pump off 1-2 m outside the last plot boundary and return to base. The tank was then emptied and rinsed out with water.
U80- (Dissolved Urea sprayed at 80 kg N/ha): Thirty five litres of water was added to the spray tank and then 20 kg of urea prills was added. The water was stirred until all urea dissolved which took about 25 minutes. The tank was then 20 topped up with approximately one litre of water to make a total volume of 50 L. The nozzles were checked again for correct operating and the pressure set at 30 psi. The pump was started 1-2 m prior to plot perimeter and the vehicle was driven steadily at the determined speed (around 10 km/hour) over each U80 plot. The tank was then emptied and rinsed out with water. 17 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ Post treatment - Pasture DM measurements: Post-treatment pasture dry matter was assessed 23 days after treatment by using a Grass Master Probe using the methods described for pre-treatment readings.
Statistical Analysis: Data analysis was performed in Genstat using analysis of 5 variance (ANOVA) in CRBD. The level of significance of treatment differences was assessed.
Results: Pasture growth was calculated from subtracting the relevant baseline pasture dry matter measurement from the pasture dry matter measurement at the end of each of the three grazing rotations. Donaghys LessN® 40 performed 10 similarly to Urea 80 and both these treatments caused statistically significantly greater pasture growth than Urea 40 (which was not statistically significantly better than Control).
Table 2: Pasture dry matter production (kg/ha) Treatment DM Rotation 1* Control 1322® Urea 40 1527a Urea 80 1979b Donaghys LessN® 40 1809b a,b Numbers with a different letter beside them are statistically significantly different from each other (p<0.05) All publications and patents mentioned in the above specification are herein incorporated by reference. Any discussion of the publications and patents throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that 18 James & Wells Ref: 45515NZ such constitute prior art, or widely known or common general knowledge in the field.
Where the foregoing description reference has been made to integers having known equivalents thereof, those equivalents are herein incorporated as if 5 individually set forth. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. It is appreciated that further modifications may be made to the invention as described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention illustratively 10 described herein may be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, or limitation or limitations, which are not specifically disclosed herein as essential.
In addition, in each instance herein, in embodiments or examples of the present invention, the terms 'comprising', 'including', etc. are to be read expansively without limitation. Thus, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the 15 description and the claims, the words 'comprise', 'comprising' and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say in the sense of "including but not limited to". 19

Claims (23)

Received IPONZ 29 Sep 2011 (Patent Act Section 5a-Recieved on CLOSED DATE) What is claimed is:
1. A composition for improving plant growth or plant development comprising a fermentation broth formulated for foliar application, wherein the fermentation broth comprises a mixture of cellular components from one or more strains of bacteria and one or more strains of yeast which have been grown in a broth to a range of about 106 to about 1010 cfu/ml and then lysed in the broth.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Propionibacter strains.
3. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the yeast are selected from Saccharomyces strains.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the bacteria are one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus or Propionibacter freudenreichii.
5. The composition of claim 1 or claim 4, wherein the yeast are Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more strains of bacteria or one or more strains of yeast are grown to a range of about 107 cfu/ml to about 109 cfu/ml.
7. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bacteria and the yeast are lysed by application of an increase in pressure followed by a rapid decrease in pressure.
8. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bacteria and the yeast are lysed by a fixed geometry fluid processor.
9. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the composition further comprises any one of a fertiliser, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide or mineral solution.
10. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the composition further comprises urea.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the urea is included at a range of about 0.15 kg/L to about 0.25 kg/L. 20 Received IPONZ 29 Sep 2011 (Patent Act Section 5a-Recieved on CLOSED DATE)
12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the urea is included at a range of about 0.18 kg/L to about 0.22 kg/L.
13. The composition of claim 10, wherein the urea is included at a range of about 0.35 kg/L to about 0.45 kg/L.
14. The composition of claim 10, wherein the urea is included at a range of about 0.38 kg/L to about 0.42 kg/L.
15. A method for improving plant growth or plant development comprising applying to a plant a composition comprising a fermentation broth, wherein the fermentation broth comprises a mixture of cellular components from one or more strains of bacteria and one or more strains of yeast which have been grown in a broth and then lysed in the broth, thereby improving the plant growth or plant development.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Lactobaccillus, Streptococcus, and Propionibacter strains.
17. The method of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the yeast are selected from Saccharomyces strains.
18. The method of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the one or more strains of bacteria or one or more strains of yeast are grown to a range of about 106 cfu/ml to about 1010 cfu/ml.
19. The method of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the composition further comprises any one of a fertiliser, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide or mineral solution.
20. The method of any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the composition further comprises urea.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the urea is included at a range of about 0.15 kg/L to about 0.25 kg/L.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the urea is included at a range of about 0.35 kg/L to about 0.45 kg/L. 21 Received IPONZ 29 Sep 2011 (Patent Act Section 5a-Recieved on CLOSED DATE)
23. A method for improving plant growth or plant development comprising applying a fermentation broth with lysed bacteria and yeast formulated for foliar application substantially as herein before described with reference to the Examples and Figure 1. Donaghys Industries Limited By their Attorneys Create IP Per: 22
NZ57210808A 2008-10-20 2008-10-20 Bio-stimulant nitrogen response enhancer for improved plant growth NZ572108A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3702438A1 (en) 2012-08-10 2020-09-02 Danstar Ferment AG Methods for the improvement of organoleptic properties of must, non-fermented and fermented beverages

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3702438A1 (en) 2012-08-10 2020-09-02 Danstar Ferment AG Methods for the improvement of organoleptic properties of must, non-fermented and fermented beverages

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