NO811030L - Permeabelt diafragma av hydrofobt polymermateriale - Google Patents
Permeabelt diafragma av hydrofobt polymermaterialeInfo
- Publication number
- NO811030L NO811030L NO811030A NO811030A NO811030L NO 811030 L NO811030 L NO 811030L NO 811030 A NO811030 A NO 811030A NO 811030 A NO811030 A NO 811030A NO 811030 L NO811030 L NO 811030L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- polymer material
- metal oxide
- electrolysis
- organic polymer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000007750 congenital bile acid synthesis defect Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001853 inorganic hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000816 magnesium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8006919A FR2485041A1 (fr) | 1980-03-27 | 1980-03-27 | Diaphragme permeable en matiere polymerique organique pour cellule d'electrolyse de solutions aqueuses d'halogenure de metal alcalin |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO811030L true NO811030L (no) | 1981-09-28 |
Family
ID=9240217
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO811030A NO811030L (no) | 1980-03-27 | 1981-03-26 | Permeabelt diafragma av hydrofobt polymermateriale |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4482441A (fi) |
| EP (1) | EP0037140B1 (fi) |
| JP (1) | JPS56150193A (fi) |
| AT (1) | ATE8154T1 (fi) |
| AU (1) | AU6865481A (fi) |
| BR (1) | BR8101810A (fi) |
| DE (1) | DE3164380D1 (fi) |
| ES (1) | ES8207592A1 (fi) |
| FI (1) | FI68671C (fi) |
| FR (1) | FR2485041A1 (fi) |
| NO (1) | NO811030L (fi) |
| PT (1) | PT72734B (fi) |
| ZA (1) | ZA811739B (fi) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MX169225B (es) * | 1984-09-17 | 1993-06-24 | Eltech Systems Corp | Compuesto de fibras no organicas/polimero metodo para elaborarlo y uso del mismo, incluyendo un separador dimensionalmente estable |
| ZA856924B (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-05-28 | Eltech Systems Corp | Non-organic/polymer fiber composite,method of making same and use including dimensionally stable separator |
| US4853101A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1989-08-01 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Porous separator comprising inorganic/polymer composite fiber and method of making same |
| US4707228A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1987-11-17 | Treadwell Corporation | Diaphragm for electrolytic and electrochemical cells |
| AU3603393A (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-09-03 | Dow Chemical Company, The | Separators for electrolytic cells and processes for making |
| EP1528126A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-04 | Vandenborre Hydrogen Systems N.V. | An integrated electrolyser module with an internal gas/liquid separator |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1865152A (en) * | 1930-01-31 | 1932-06-28 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Production of electrolytic cathode-diaphragm structures |
| DE1771457C3 (de) * | 1968-05-28 | 1974-12-05 | Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk Ag, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer aus Metalloxid und Kunststoff bestehenden zinkdendritensperrenden Membran |
| US3930886A (en) * | 1971-11-11 | 1976-01-06 | Leesona Corporation | Porous fluoro-carbon polymer matrices |
| CH600597A5 (fi) * | 1973-05-18 | 1978-06-30 | Comp Generale Electricite | |
| JPS5064739A (fi) * | 1973-10-12 | 1975-06-02 | ||
| GB1522605A (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1978-08-23 | Ici Ltd | Preparation of fibrous sheet product |
| US4036729A (en) * | 1975-04-10 | 1977-07-19 | Patil Arvind S | Diaphragms from discrete thermoplastic fibers requiring no bonding or cementing |
| US4007059A (en) * | 1975-08-20 | 1977-02-08 | General Motors Corporation | Electrochemical cell electrode separator and method of making it and fuel cell containing same |
| US4126536A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-11-21 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Diaphragms for chlor-alkali cells |
| US4238303A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-12-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Diaphragm modifier for chlor-alkali cell |
| US4173526A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1979-11-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chlor-alkali cell diaphragm and its treatment |
| US4330602A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1982-05-18 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Battery separator |
| US4253935A (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1981-03-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of preparing a diaphragm having a gel of a hydrous oxide or zirconium in a porous matrix |
-
1980
- 1980-03-27 FR FR8006919A patent/FR2485041A1/fr active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-03-16 ZA ZA00811739A patent/ZA811739B/xx unknown
- 1981-03-17 EP EP81200298A patent/EP0037140B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-03-17 AT AT81200298T patent/ATE8154T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-03-17 DE DE8181200298T patent/DE3164380D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-03-23 AU AU68654/81A patent/AU6865481A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1981-03-25 PT PT72734A patent/PT72734B/pt unknown
- 1981-03-26 ES ES500728A patent/ES8207592A1/es not_active Expired
- 1981-03-26 BR BR8101810A patent/BR8101810A/pt unknown
- 1981-03-26 FI FI810932A patent/FI68671C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-03-26 NO NO811030A patent/NO811030L/no unknown
- 1981-03-27 JP JP4536081A patent/JPS56150193A/ja active Pending
-
1983
- 1983-09-16 US US06/533,641 patent/US4482441A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4482441A (en) | 1984-11-13 |
| JPS56150193A (en) | 1981-11-20 |
| FR2485041B1 (fi) | 1983-11-04 |
| FI810932L (fi) | 1981-09-28 |
| ATE8154T1 (de) | 1984-07-15 |
| FI68671C (fi) | 1985-10-10 |
| ZA811739B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| AU6865481A (en) | 1981-10-01 |
| ES500728A0 (es) | 1982-09-16 |
| PT72734A (fr) | 1981-04-01 |
| BR8101810A (pt) | 1981-09-29 |
| EP0037140A1 (fr) | 1981-10-07 |
| PT72734B (fr) | 1982-03-22 |
| ES8207592A1 (es) | 1982-09-16 |
| EP0037140B1 (fr) | 1984-06-27 |
| DE3164380D1 (en) | 1984-08-02 |
| FI68671B (fi) | 1985-06-28 |
| FR2485041A1 (fr) | 1981-12-24 |
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