NO328133B1 - Stabilisert isolasjonssammensetning for telekommunikasjonskabel - Google Patents
Stabilisert isolasjonssammensetning for telekommunikasjonskabel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO328133B1 NO328133B1 NO20014321A NO20014321A NO328133B1 NO 328133 B1 NO328133 B1 NO 328133B1 NO 20014321 A NO20014321 A NO 20014321A NO 20014321 A NO20014321 A NO 20014321A NO 328133 B1 NO328133 B1 NO 328133B1
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- butyl
- component
- bis
- cable
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZNAAUDJKMURFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CC(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 NZNAAUDJKMURFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Polyolefinledningsisolering i hydrokarbonsmørefettfylt telekommunikasjonskabel som deretter eksponeres i en utendørs koplingsboks er spesielt sårbar overfor de negative virkningene av varme, oksygen og fuktighet. Kombinasjonen av en eller flere primære, fenoliske antioksidanter valgt fra N,N'-heksan-l,6-diylbis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionamid), tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl) isocyanurat og tris(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydrroksyhydrocinnamoyloksy)etyl) isocyanurat sammen med en eller flere alkylhydroksylfenylalkanoyl hydrazinmetalldeaktivatorer er meget effektiv for å tilveiebringe oksidativ stabilitet for polyolefinledningsisolering under disse betingelsene.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en stabilisert kabelkonstruksjon som har forbedret motstand mot de uheldige effektene av varme, oksygen og fuktighet. De stabiliserte kabelkonstruksjonene er egnede for bruk som telekommunikasjons(telecom)kabel.
En typisk telecomkabel er konstruert av vridde par av polyolefin-isolert kobberledning som er bundet sammen og beskyttet av en kabelmantel. Kabelmantelen består av en metallfolie og/eller armering i kombinasjon med et polymert mantlingsmateriale. Hele systemet betegnes som "telecom kabel".
For å redusere faren for vannpenetrering i kabelsystemet og for å minimalisere de uheldige effektene av fuktighet på polyolefinisoleringen gjøres systemet vanntett ved å fylle hullrommene i kabelen med et hydrofobt smørefett. Kabelsystemer av denne typen er f.eks. beskrevet i US-patent numre 3.888.709,4.044.200,4.218.577, 5.502.288 og europeisk patentsøknad 565.868 A2, og referansene deri. Kabelfyllsmørefettet er kjent for å ekstrahere stabiliseringsmidler inkorporert i ledningsisolasjonen. Dette er omtalt f.eks. i "Plastics Additives Handbook", 3. Utgave, R. Gachter, H. Muller, Eds., Hanser Publishers, sidene 116-199 (1990].
Koblinger av to eller flere telecom kabler er ofte påkrevet og dette utføres i en ytre innelukning kjent som et sokkelstativ eller en koblingsboks. Inne i sokkelstativet fjernes kablemantelen, kabelfyllstoffet tørkes av og overføringskablene sammenføyes om nødvendig. De eksponerte isolerte ledningene er nå utsatt for de negative betingelsene med varme, oksygen og fuktighet. Polyolefinisoleringen, som har tapt en del av de stabiliserende additivene ved ekstraksjon ved fyllstoffettet er spesielt sårbar for disse miljøbetingelsene og kan vise for tidlig oksidativt sammenbrudd. Dette sammenbruddet kommer til uttrykk i tap av fysikalske egenskaper for isoleringen hvilket endelig resulterer i et tap av elektrisk overføringsytelse.
Stabiliseringen av polyolefinledningsisolering i telecomanvendelser med hindrede
fenoliske antioksidanter er kjent. Et stabiliseringsmiddelsystem ifølge teknikkens stand omfatter anvendelsen av en hindret fenol sammen en metalldeaktivator, så som Irganox MD 1024, l,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazin ellerNaugard XL-1,2,2'-oksalyldiamido-bis-[etyl 3-(3,5-di-tetr-butyl-4-hydroksylfenyl)propionat]. En typisk stabiliseringsforpakning omfatter som den primære antioksidanten, Irganox 1010, pentaerytritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionat], og som metalldeaktivator, Irganox MD 1024. Dette systemet er beskrevet i europeisk patentsøknad 565.868 A2 og US-patent nr. 4.044.200, 5.380.591 og 5.575.952. Irganox
er et beskyttet varemerke for Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp., Naugard er et beskyttet varemerke tilhørende Uniroyal.
US-patent nr. 4.044.200 beskriver stabiliseringen av polyetylenledningsisolering i nærvær av et fuktighetsbarrierefyllstoff med en kombinasjon av et alkylhydroksyfenyl-alkanoylhydrazid og/eller en substituert amidotriazol sammen med en hindret fenolisk antioksidant av høy molekylvekt. Spesifikt beskrevet er kombinasjonen av Irganox MD 1024 og Irganox 1010.
US-patent nr. 4.812.500 beskriver en polyolefinsammensetning som har forbedret motstand mot nedbrytning når den eksponeres mot varmt oksygenert vann, klorinert vann og UV-stråling. Sammensetningen omfatter et hindret amin UV-stabiliseringsmiddel, et hindret fenolisk termisk stabiliseringsmiddel og et gelaterende (metalldeaktiverende) middel. Den hindrede fenoliske bestanddelen er valgt for en spesifikk gruppe omfattende Irganox 1010, pentaerytritoltetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionat], og Irganox 3114, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-isocyanurat. Det gelaterende midlet er valgt fra gruppen omfattende Irganox MD 1024, l,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazin. Irganox er et varemerke for Ciba Spesialty Chemicals Corp. Det er forventet at oppfinnelsen kan anvendes for forskjellige systemer hvor vann eller fuktighet er tilstede, omfattende lednings- og kabelbelegg. Det nevnes ikke smørefettfylte kabelsystemer hvor potensialet for ekstraksjon av additivene eksisterer.
US-patent nr. 5.380.591, 5.453.322, 5.575.952, 5.766.761 og 5.807.635 beskriver stabiliseringen av telefonkabler fylt med hydrokarbonsrnørefett med kombinasjonen av en blanding av et alkylhydroksyfenylalkanoylhydrazin med et funksjonalisert hindret amin. Irganox MD 1024 er spesifikt beskrevet som hydrazinet i hvert tilfelle.
US-patent nr. 5.474.847 beskriver stabiliseringen av polyolefinledningsisolering i smørefettfylte telefonkabler med reaksjonsproduktene av hydrazidderivater eller hindrede fenoler eller hindrede aminer eller aminoderivater av hindrede aminer med et kinon.
US-patent nr. 5.502.288 beskriver stabiliseringen av polyolefinledningsisolering i telefonkabler med anvendelsen av Irganox MD 1024 eller Naugard XL-1 eller blandinger derav med valgte antioksidanter.
Europeisk patentsøknad 565.868 A2 beskriver stabiliseringen av polyolefin-ledningsisoleringssammensetninger eksponert mot vannblokkerende kabelfyllstoffer med en kombinasjon av toverdige metallsalter av fenol, karboksyl eller fosfonsyrer sammen med en metalldeaktivator. Spesifikt navngitte metalldeaktivatorer er Irganox MD 1024 og Naugard XL-1. En foretrukket sammensetning omfatter også anvendelsen av Irganox 1010.
WO 93/24935 beskriver anvendelsen av reaksjonsproduktene av et anhydrid av en umettet alifatisk disyre med et eller flere funksjonaliserte, hindrede aminer og/eller funksjonaliserte hindrede fenoler for stabiliseringen av polyolefinledningsisolering i smørefettfylte telefonkabler.
WO 93/24938 beskriver en smørefettfylt kabelkonstruksjon hvori polyolefinledningsisoleringen har bundet til seg, gjennom et anhydrid av en alifatisk disyre, et eller flere funksjonaliserte hindrede aminer og/eller funksjonaliserte hindrede fenoler.
For å beskytte polyolefinledningsisoleringen som eksponeres mot miljøbetingelser i koblingsboksen, og for å motvirke ekstraksjonen av stabiliseringsmidlet ved fyllefettet for kabelen, er det foreslått at store mengder av stabiliseringssystemet kan anvendes. Det foreligger et behov for å finne mer effektive primære antioksidant/- metalldeaktivatorkombinasjoner enn de som tilhører teknikkens stand for å redusere den høye kostnaden forbundet med anvendelsen av disse nivåene av stabiliseirngsmidler. Stabiliseringsmiddeleffektivitet i denne forbindelsen er den kombinerte evnen av stabiliseringsmiddelsystemet til å motstå ekstraksjon fra polyolefinledningsisoleringen inn i kabelfyllesmørefettet og å gi polyolefinet motstand mot de negative virkningene av varme, oksygen og fuktighet.
Overraskende er det funnet at kombinasjonen av en eller flere primære fenoliske antioksidanter valgt fra Irganox 1098, N,N'-heksan-l,6-diylbis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionamid)), Irganox 3114, tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)isocyanurat og Irganox 3125, tris(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyloksy)etyl)isocyanurat, sammen med en eller flere alkylhydroksyfenylalkanoylhydrazinmetalldeaktivatorer er spesielt effektivt for å
tilveiebringe oksidativ stabilitet for polyolefinledningsisolering i smørefettfylte telecomkabler. Irganox er et varemerke for Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.
Foreliggende opprinnelse vedrører en ny hydrokarbonsmørefettfylt kabelkonstruksjon hvor polyolefinledningsisoleringen har forbedret oksidativ stabilitet.
Nærmere bestemt omfatter den nye kabelkonstruksjonen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse
(i) et flertall av isolerte elektriske ledere som har mellomrom seg imellom, idet nevnte isolering omfatter
(a) et eller flere polyolefiner, og
(b) en eller flere primære antioksidanter valgt fra gruppen av N,N'-heksan-1,6-diylbis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionamid)), tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)isocyanurat og tris(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-hydrocinnamoyloksy)etyl)isocyanurat, og (c) en eller flere metalldeaktivatorer valgt fra alkylhydroksyfenylalkaoyl-hydraziner, og
(ii) hydrokarbonkabelfyllstoffett i mellomrommene, og
(iii) en mantel som omgir komponenter (i) og (ii).
Polyolefinene av komponent (a) er generelt termoplastiske harpikser, som er tverrbindbare. De kan være homopolymerer eller kopolymerer fremstilt fra to eller flere komonomerer, eller en blanding av to eller flere av disse polymerene, konvensjonelt anvendt i film, ark og rør, og som mantling og/eller isoleringsmaterialer i lednings- og kabelanvendelser. Monomerene som er nyttige ved fremstillingen av disse homopolymerene og kopolymerene kan ha 2 til 20 karbonatomer, og har fortrinnsvis 2 til 12 karbonatomer. Eksempler på disse monomerene er alfa-olefiner så som etylen, propylen, 1-buten, 1-heksan- 4-metyl-l -penten og 1-okten; umettede estere så som vinylacetat, etylakrylat, metylakrylat, metylmetakrylat, t-butylakrylat, n-butylakrylat, n-butylmetakrylat, 2-etylheksylakrylat og andre alkylakrylater; diolefiner slik som 1,4-pentadien, 1,3-heksadien, 1,5-heksadien, 1,4-oktadien og etylidennorbornen, vanligvis den tredje monomeren i en terpolymer; andre monomerer så som styren, p-metylstyren, alfa-metylstyren, p-klorstyren, vinylnaftalen, og lignende arylolefiner; nitriler så som akrylonitril, metakrylonitril og alfa-klorakrylonitril; vinylmetylketon, vinylmetyleter, vinylidenklorid, maleinsyreanhydrid, vinyklorid, vinylidenklorid, vinylalkohol, tetrafluoretylen og klorotrifluoretylen; og akrylsyre, metakrylsyre og andre lignende umettede syrer.
Homopolymerene og kopolymerene som det refereres til kan være ikke-halogenerte eller halogenerte på konvensjonell måte, generelt med klor eller brom. Eksempler på halogenerte polymerer er polyvinylklorid, polyvinylidenklorid og polytetrafluoretylen. Homopolymerene og kopolymerene av etylen og propylen er foretrukket, både i ikke-halogenerte og halogenert form. Innbefattet i denne foretrukne gruppen er terpolymerer så som etylen/propylen/dienmonomergummier.
Andre eksempler på etylenpropylenpolymerer er som følger: en høytrykkshomopolymer av etylen; en kopolymer av etylen og et eller flere alfa-olefiner inneholdende 3 til 12 karbonatomer; en homopolymer eller kopolymer av etylen inneholdende et hydrolyserbart silan podet til skjelettet; en kopolymer av etylen og alkenyltrialkyloksysilan så som trimetoksyvinylsilan; eller en kopolymer av et alfa-olefin inneholdende 2 til 12 karbonatomer og en umettet ester inneholdende 4 til 20 karbonatomer, f.eks. en etylen/etylakrylat eller vinylacetatkopolymer; en etylen/etylakrylat eller vinylacetat/hydrolyserbart silanterpolymer; og etylen/etylakrylat eller vinylacetatkopolymerer inneholdende et hydrolyserbart silan podet til deres skjelett.
Med hensyn til polypropylen: homopolymerer og kopolymerer av propylen og et eller flere andre alfa-olefiner hvor andelen av kopolymeren basert på propylen er minst ca. 60 vektprosent basert på vekten av kopolymeren kan anvendes for å tilveiebringe polyolefinet ifølge oppfinnelsen. Foretrukne polypropylen alfa-olefinkomonomerer er de som inneholder 2 eller 4 til 12 karbonatomer.
Polyolefiner, dvs. polymerene av monoolefinene eksemplifisert ovenfor, for eksempel polyetylen og polypropylen, kan fremstilles ved forskjellig, og spesielt følgende, fremgangsmåter: 1) radikalpolymerisasjon (normalt under høyt trykk og ved forhøyet temperatur). 2) katalytisk polymerisasjon ved å anvende en katalysator som normalt inneholder et eller mer enn et tall fra grupper IVb, Vb, VIb og VIII i den periodiske tabellen. Disse metallene har vanligvis en eller flere enn en ligand, typisk oksider, halogenider, alkoholater, estere, etere, aminer, alkyler, alkenyler og/eller aryler som enten kan være p- eller s-koordinerte. Disse metallkompleksene kan være i den frie formen eller fiksert på substrater, typisk på aktivert magnesiumklorid, titan(III)klorid, aluminiumoksid eller silisiumoksid. Disse katalysatorene kan være oppløselige eller uopplselige i polymerisasjonsmediet. Katalysatorene kan anvendes selv i polymerisasjonen eller ytterligere aktivatorer kan anvendes, typisk metylalkyl, metallhydrider, metallalkylhalogenider, metalalkyloksider eller metallalkyloksaner, idet nevnte metaller er elementer fra grupper Ia, Ila og/eller Illa i den periodiske tabellen. Aktivatorne kan være modifisert på vanlig måte med ytterligere ester, eter, amin eller silyletergrupper. Disse katalysatorsystemene betegnes vanligvis Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocen eller enkeltsetekatalysatorer
(SSC).
Homopolymeren eller kopolymerene kan være tverrbundet eller herdet med et organisk peroksid, eller for å gjøre dem hydrolyserbare kan de være podet med alkenyltrialkoksy-silan i nærvær av et organisk peroksid som virker som en fri radikalgenerator eller katalysator. Nyttige alkenyltrialkoksysilaner omfatter vinyltrialkoksysilaner så som vinyltrimetoksysilan, vinyltrietoksysilan og vinyltriisopropoksysilan. Alkenyl- og alkoksyrestene kan ha 1 til 30 karbonatomer og har fortrinnsvis 1 til 12 karbonatomer. De hydrolyserbare polymerene kan fuktighetsherdes i nærvær av en silanolkondensasjonskatalysator, så som dibutyltinndilaurat, dioktyltinnmaleat, tinnacetat, tinnoktoat, blynaftenat, sinkoktoat, jern-2-etylheksoat og andre metallkarboksylater.
Homopolymerene eller kopolymerene av etylen hvori etylen er den primære komonomeren og homopolymerene og kopolymerene av propylen hvor propylen er den primære komonomeren kan her betegnes til som henholdsvis polyetylen og polypropylen.
Polyolefiner av komponent a) er fortrinnsvis polyetylen eller polypropylen eller blandinger derav.
Alkylhydroksyfenylalkanoylhydrazinene av komponent (c) er beskrevet i US-patent nr. 3.660.438 og 3.773.722. Fortrinnsvis er forbindelsene av komponent (c) av følgende struktur:
hvori n er 0 eller et helt tall fra 1 til 5;
Ri er en rett eller forgrenet alkyl inneholdende 1 til 6 karbonatomer;
R2 er hydrogen eller Ri; og
R3 er hydrogen, en alkanoyl inneholdende 2 til 18 karbonatomer, eller en gruppe av formelen
hvori n, Ri og R2 uavhengig har de samme definisjonene som ovenfor.
Resten R2 er fortrinnsvis i orto-stilling til OH-gruppen.
Fortrinnsvis er metalldeaktivatoren av komponent (c) Irganox MD 1024, l,2-bis(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazin, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.
Hydrokarbonkabelfyllstoffsmørefettet av komponent (ii) er en blanding av hydrokarbonforbindelser, som er halvfast ved anvendelsestemperaturer. Den er kjent industrielt som "kabelfyllstofforbindelse". Et typisk krav for kabelfyllstofforbindelsen er at smørefettet har minimal lekkasje fra den kuttede enden av en kabel ved en bedømmelse ved 60°C eller høyere temperatur. Et annet typisk krav er at smørefettet motstår vannlekkasje gjennom kort lengde av kuttet kabel og vanntrykket pålegges ved en ende. Blant andre typiske krav er kostnadskonkurranseevne; minimal negativ effekt på signaloverføring; minimal negativ effekt på de fysiske egenskapene av polymerisolasjonen og kabelmantelmaterialene; termisk og oksidativ stabilitet og kabelfremstillingsprosesserbarhet.
Kabelfremstilling kan oppnås ved å oppvarme kabelfyllstofforbindelsen til en temperatur på ca. 100°C. Dette flytendegjør fyllstofforbindelsen slik at den kan pumpes inn i flerleder-kabelk jernen på fullt ut å impregnere hulrommene og eliminere alt luftrom. Alternativt kan trixotrope kabelfyllstofforbindelser som anvender skjærindusert strømning arbeides ved reduserte temperaturer på samme måte. Et tverrsnitt av en typisk ferdig smørefettfylt kabeloverføringskjerne består av ca. 52% isolert ledning og ca. 48 % mellomrom med hensyn til arealene av det samlede tverrsnitt. Siden mellomrommene er fullstendig fylt med kabelfyllstofforbindelse inneholder en fylt kabelkjerne typisk ca.
48 volumprosent av kabelfyllstofforbindelse.
Kabelfyllstofforbindelsen eller en eller flere av dens hydrokarbonbestanddeler trer inn i isolasjonen gjennom absorpsjon fra mellomrommene. Generelt absorberer isolasjonen ca. 3 til ca. 30 vekt-% kabelfyllstofforbindelse eller en eller flere av dens hydrokarbonbestanddeler totalt, basert på vekten av polyolefinisoleringen. En typisk absorpsjon er i området fra ca. 5 til ca. 25 vekt-% basert på vekten av polyolefin. Kabelfyllstofforbindelse inneholder generelt hydrokarboner av varierende molekylvekter. Absorpsjonen av kabelfyllstofforbindelse inne i polyolefinisoleringen, eller svelling, er preferensiell for bestanddelene med lavere molekylvekt av kabelfyllstofforbindelsen. Denne svellingen av polyolefinisoleringen resulterer i migrering av additiver fra isolasjonen til kabelfyllstofforbindelsen som diskutert ovenfor. Nærværet av kabelfyllstofforbindelsen utgjør derfor en ytterligere hindring med hensyn til stabilisering av polyolefinisolering.
Eksempler på hydrokarbonkabelfyllstoffett (kabelfyllingsforbindelse) er petrolatum; petrolatum/polyolefinvoksblandinger; oljemodifisert termoplastisk gummi (ETPR eller drøyet termoplastisk gummi); paraffinolje; nafteniske oljer; mineralolje; de tidligere nevnte oljer fortykket med en restolje, petrolatum eller voks; polyetylenvoks; mineralolje/gummiblokkeirngskopolymerblanding; smørefett; og forskjellige blandinger derav, hvor alle oppfyller de industrielle kravene tilsvarende de beskrevet ovenfor.
I tillegg til å motstå ekstraksjon av antioksidantene må den stabiliserte polyolefinledningsisoleringsformuleringen være i stand til å tåle hvilke som helst adsorberte bestanddeler med destabiliserende effekt som kabelfyllstofforbindelsen kan ha. Videre må stabiliseringsforpakningen danne en overgang mot kobbertrådlederen, som er en potensiell katalysator for polyolefinoksidativ brytning, og den må også motstå effekten av gjenværende kjemiske esemidler tilstede i cellulær og cellulær/fast (skum/hud) polymerskummet isolering.
I tillegg til komponenter (b) og (c), kan isoleringen av kabelkonstruksjonen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatte ytterligere kostabiliseirngsmidler (additiver) så som f.eks. følgende:
1. Antioksidanter
1.1 Alkylerte monofenoler. for eksempel 2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-metvlfenol, 2-tert-butvl-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-etylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol, 2-6-dicyklopentyl-4-metylfenol, 2-(a-metylcykloheksyl)-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-dioktadecyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4,6-tricykloheksylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metoksymetylfenol, nonylfenoler som er lineære eller forgrenede i sidekjedene, for eksempel 2,6-di-nony-4-metylfenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-( 1 -metylundec-1 -yl)fenol, 2,4-di-metyl-6-( 1 -metylheptadec-1 -yl)fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(l-metyltridec-l-)fenol og blandinger derav.
1.2. Alkyltiometvlfenoler. for eksempel 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-tert-butylfenol, 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-metylfenol, 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-etylfenol, 2,6-didodecyltiometyl-4-nonylfeno.
1.3. Hvdroquinoner og alkylerte hvdroquinoner, for eksempel 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metoksyfenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinon, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinon, 2,6-difenyl-4-oktadecyloksyfenyl, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinon, 2,5-di-tetr-butyl-4-hydroksyanisol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanisol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylstearat, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)adipat.
1.4. Tocoferoler. for eksempel a-tocoferol, b-tocoferol, g-tocoferol, d-tocoferol og
blandinger derav (Vitamin E).
1.5. Hvdroksvlerte tiodifenvletere, for eksempel 2,2'-tiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenol),
2,2'-tiobis(4-oktylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-metylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-metylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis-(3,6-di-sec-amylfenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimetyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)disulfid.
1.6. Alkvlidenbisfenoler, for eksempel 2,2'-metylenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-etylfenol), 2,2' -metylenbis[4-metyl-6-(a-metylcykloheksyl)fenol], 2,2'-metylenbis(4-metyl-6-cykloheksylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis(6-nonyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'-etylidenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'-etylidenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis]6-(a-metylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 2,2'-metylenbis[6-(a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 4,4'-metylenbis(2,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 4,4'-metylenbis(6-tert-butyl-2-metylfenol), 1,1 -bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-
metylfenyl)butan, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-metyl-2-hydroksybenzyl)-4-metylfenol, 1,1,3 -tris(5 -tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)butan, 1,1 -bis(5 -tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metyl-fenyl)-3-n-dodecylmerkaptobutan, etylenglykol bis[3,3-bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)butyrat],bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metyl-fenyl)dicyklopentadien, bis[2-(3'tert-butyl-2-hydroksy-5-metylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenyl]tereftalat, 1,1 -bis-[3,5-dimetyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)butan, 2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy)propan, 2,2-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-4-n-dodecylmerkaptobutan, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tetra-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)pentan.
1.7. Q-. N- oe S- benzvlforbindelser. for eksempel 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroksydibenzyleter, oktadecyl-4-hydroksy-3,5-dimetylbenzylmerkaptoacetat, tridecyl-4-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmerkaptoacetat, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)amin, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroksy-2,6-dimetylbenzyl)ditiotereftalat, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)sulfid, isooktyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylmerkaptoacetat.
1.8. Hvdroksvbenzylerte malonater, for eksempel dioktadecyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroksybenzyl)-malonat, di-oktadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metylbenzyl)-malonat, di-dodecylmerkaptoetyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)malonat, bis[4-(l,l,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)malonat.
1.9. Aromatiske hydroksybenzvlforbindelser, for eksempel l,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimetylbenzen, l,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrametylbenzen, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)fenol.
1.10. Triazinforbindelser. for eksempel 2,4-bis(oktylmerkapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyaniliono)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanilino)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenoksy)-l,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenoksy)-1,2,3-triazin, l,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl) isocyanurat, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroksy-2,6-dimetylbenzyl) isocyanurat, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyletyl)-l ,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)-heksahydro-l ,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicykloheksyl-4-hydroksybenzyl) isocyanurat.
1.11 . Benzvlfosfonater, for eksempel dimetyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dietyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dioktadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzlfosfonat, dioktadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-3-metylbenzylfosfonat, kalsiumsaltet av monoetylesteren av 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonsyre.
1.12. Acvlaminofenoler. for eksempel 4-hydroksylauranilid, 4-hydroksystearanilid, oktyl
N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)karbamat.
1.13. Estere av b-( 3, 5- di- tert- butvl- 4- hvdroksyfenvDpropionsvre med en eller fierverdige alkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, n-oktanol, i-oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]-oktan.
1.14. Estere av b-( 5- tert- butvl- 4- hvdroksv- 3- metvlfenvOpropionsyre med en eller fierverdige alkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, n-oktanol, i-oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]-oktan.
1.15. Estere av b-( 3. 5- dicvkloheksvl- 4- hvcux?ksvfenvOpropionsyre med en eller fierverdige alkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fosfa-2,6,7-tiroksabicyklo[2.2.2]-oktan.
1.16. Estere av 3. 5- di- tetr- butvl- 4- hvdroksvfenvleddiksvre med en eller fierverdige alkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-
bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-1 -fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]-oktan.
1.17. Amider av b-( 3, 5- di- tetr- butvl- 4- hvdroksvfenvDpropionsvre. for eksempel N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)heksametylendiamid, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)trimetylendiamid, N,N'-bis[2-([3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl]propionyloksy)etyl]oksamid (Naugard XL-1 tilveiebrakt av Uniroyal).
1.18 . Ascorbinsyre (vitamin C).
1.19. Aminiske antioksidanter, for eksempel N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis(l ,4-dimetylfenyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis( 1 -etyl-3-metylpentyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N,N' -bis( 1 -metylheptyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N,N' -dicykloheksyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-difenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis(2-naftyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N-isopropyl-N'-fenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N-( 1,3-dimetylbutyl)-N' -fenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N-( 1 - metylheptyl)-N'-fenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N-cykloheksyl-N'-fenyl-p-fenylendiamin, 4-(p-toluensulfamoyl)difenylamin, N,N'-dimetyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-fenylendiamin, difenylamin, N-allyldifenylamin- 4-isopropoksydifenylamin- N-fenyl-1 -naftlamin, N-(4-tert-oktylfenyl)-1 -naftylamin, N-fenyl-2-naftylamin, oktylert difenylamin, for eksempel p,p'-di-tert-oktyldifenylamin, 4-n-butylaminofenol, 4-butyrylaminofenol, 4-nonanoylaminofenol, 4-dodecanoylaminofenol, 4-oktadecanoylaminofenol, bis(4-metoksyfenyl)amin, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimetylaminometylfenol, 2,4'-diaminodifenylmetan, 4,4'-diaminodifenylmetan, N,N,N',N'-tetrametyl-4,4'-diaminodifenylmetan, 1,2-bis[(2-metylfenyl)amino]etan, l,2-bis(fenylamino)propan, (o-tolyl)biguanid, bis[4-(l',3'-dimetylbutyl)fenyl]amin, tert-oktylert N-fenyl-1-naftylamin, en blanding av mono-og dialkylert tert-butyl/tert-oktyl-difenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og
dialkylerte nonyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte dodecyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte isopropyl/isoheksyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte tert-butyldifenylaminer, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimetyl-4H-l,4-benzotiazin, fenotiazin, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte tert-butyl/tert-oktylfenotiaziner, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte tert-oktyl-fenotiaziner, N-allylfenotiazin, N,N,N',N'-tetrafenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-en, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-piperid-4-yl-
heksametylendiamin, bis(2,2,6,6-tetrarnetylpiperid-4-yl)sebacat, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin-4-on, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin-4-ol.
2. UV absorbsionsmidler oe Ivsstabilisatorer
2.1. 2-( 2- hvdroksvfenvl) benzotriazoler, for eksempel 2-(2-hydroksy-5-metylfenyl)-benzotriazol, 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(2-hydroksy-5-(l,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)-5-klor-benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl)2-hydroksy-5-metylfenyl)-5-klor-benzotriazol, 2-(3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3,5-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3,5-bis-(a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-2-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroksy-5-(2-oktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenyl-5-klor-benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(2-etylheksyloksy)-karbonyletyl]-2-hydroksyfenyl)-5-klor-benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-bu1yl-2-hydroksy-5-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)fenyl)-5-klor-benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroksy-5-(2-metoksykarbonyIetyl)fenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroksy-5-(2-oktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(2-etylheksyloksy)karbonyletyl]-2-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3-dodecyl-5-metylfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroksy-5-(2-isooktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenylbenzotriazol, 2,2'-metylen-bis[4-(l,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylfenol]; transforestirngsproduktet av 2-[3-tert-butyl-5-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)-2-hydroksyfenyl]-2H-benzotirazol med polyetylenglykol 300;
[3 — CH2CH2— COO — CH2CH2 -]-2 hvor R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroksy-5'-
2H-benzotriazol-2-ylfenyl, 2-[2-hydroksy-3-(a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-5-(l,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-fenyl]-benzotriazol; 2-[2-hydroksy-3-(l,l,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-5-(a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-fenyl]-benzotriazol.
2.2. 2- hvdroksvbenzofenoner. for eksempel 4-hydroksy, 4-metoksy, 4-oktyloksy, 4-decyloksy, 4-dodecyloksy, 4-benzyloksy, 4,2',4'-trihydroksy og 2'-hydroksy-4,4'-dimetoksy derivater.
2.3. Estere av substituerte og usubstituerte benzos<y>rer, som for eksempel 4-tertbutyl-fenylsalicylat, fenylsalicylat, oktylfenylsalicylat, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-
butylbenzoyl) resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat, heksadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat, oktadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat, 2-metyl-4,6-di-tert-butylfenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat.
2.4. Akr<y>later, for eksempel etyl a-cyano-b,b-difenylakrylat, isooktyl a-cyano-b,b-difenylakrylat, metyl a-karbometoksycinnamat, metyl a-cyano-b-metyl-p-metoksy-cinnamat, butyl a-cyano-b-metyl-p-metoksy-cinnamat, metyl a-karbometoksy-p-metoksycinnamat og N-(b-karbometoksy-b-cyanovinyl)-2-metylindolin.
2.5. Nikkelforbindelser. for eksempel nikkelkomplekser av 2,2'-tio-bis-[4-(l,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenol], så som 1:1 eller 1:2 komplekset, med eller uten ytterligere ligander så som n-butylamin, trietanolamin eller N-cykloheksyldietanolamin, nikkeldibutylditiokarbamat, nikkelsalter av monoalkylesterne, for eksempel metyl eller etylesteren av 4-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylfosfonsyre, nikkelkomplekser av ketoksimer, for eksempel av 2-hydroksy-4-metylfenylundecylketoksim, nikkelkomplekser av l-fenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroksypyrazol, med eller uten ytterligere ligander.
2.6. Sterisk hindrede aminer, for eksempel bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)sebacat,
bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)succinat, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl)sebacat, bis(l-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)sebacat, bis(l,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzlmalonat, kondensatet av l-(2-hydroksyetyl)-2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-hydroksypiperidin og ravsyre, lineære eller cykliske kondensater av N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin og 4-tert-oktylamino-2,6-diklor-l,3,5-triazin, tris(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetat, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-l,2,3,4-butan-tetrakarboksylat, 1,1'-(1,2-etandiyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetrametylpiperazinon), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, 4-stearyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, bis( 1,2,2,6,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonat, 3-n-oktyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-2,4-dion, bis(l-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)sebacat, bis(l-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)suksinat, lineære eller cykliske kondensater av N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin og 4-morfolino-2,6-diklor-l,3,5-triazin, kondensatet av 2-klor-4J6-bis-(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)-l,3,5-triazin og 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)etan, kondensatet av 2-klor-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-
1,2,2,6,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-l,3,5-triazin og 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)etan, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-l,3,8-tirazaspiro[4,5]decan-2,4-dion, 3-dodecyl-1 -(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dion, 3-dodecyl-1 -
(l,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dion, en blanding av heksadecyloksy- og 4-stearyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, et kondensasjonsprodukt av N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin av l,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)etan og 2,4,6-triklor-l,3,5-triazin såvel som 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin (CAS Reg. Nr. [136504-96-6]; N-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuksinimid, N-( 1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuksinimid, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-2-cykloundecyl-l-oksa-3,8-diaza-4-oksospiro [4,5]decan og epiklorhydrin, 1,1 -bis(l ,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyloksykarbonyl)-2-(4-metoksyfenyl)eten, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin, diester av 4-metoksy-metylen-malonsyre med l,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-hydroksypiperidin, poly[metylpropyl-3-oksy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)]siloksan, reaksjonsproduktet av maleinsyreanhydrid-a-olefin-kopolymer med 2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-aminopiperidin eller 1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-aminopiperidin.
2.7. Oksamider, for eksempel 4,4'-dioktyloksyoksanilid, 2,2'-dietoksyoksanilid, 2,2'-dioktyloksy-5,5 '-di-tert-butoksanilid, 2,2'-didodecyloksy-5,5 '-di-tert-butoksanilid, 2-etoksy-2'-etyloksanilid, N,N'-bis(3-dimetylaminopropyl)oksamid, 2-etoksy-5-tert-butyl-2'-etoksanilid og dets blanding med 2-etoksy-2'-etyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoksanilid, blandinger av o- og p-metoksy-disubstituerte oksanilider.
2.8. 2-( 2- hvdroksyfenvlV1. 3. 5- triaziner, for eksempel 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-(2,4-dihydroksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-bis(2-hydroksy-4-propyloksyfenyl)-6-(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(4-metylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-dodecyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-tridecyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-butyloksypropoksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-oktyloksypropyloksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-[4-(dodecyloksy/tridecyloksy-2-hydroksypropoksy)-2-hydroksy-fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-dodecyloksy-propoksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-
dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-heksyloksy)fenyl-4,6-difenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-metoksyfenyl)-4,6-difenyl-l ,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroksy-4-(3-butoksy-2-hydroksypropoksy)fenyl]-l,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksyfenyl)-4-(4-metoksyfenyl)-6-fenyl-l ,3,5-triazin, 2- {2-hydroksy-4-[3-(2-etylheksyl-l-oksy)-2-hydroksypropyloksy]fenyl}-4,6-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-2-[2-hydrroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-nonyloksypropoksy)-5-(1 -metyl-1 -fenyletyl)fenyl] -1,3,5 -triazin. 3. Metalldeaktivatorer. for eksempel N,N'-difenyloksamid, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazin, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazin, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)hydrazin, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazol, bis(benzyliden)oksalyldihydrazid, oksanilid, isoftaloyldihydrazid, sebacoybisfenylhydrazid, N,N'-diacetyldipoyldihydrazid, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oksalyldihydrazid, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)tiopropionyldihydrazid. 4. Fosfitter og fosfonitter, for eksempel trifenylfosfitt, difenylalkylfosfitter, fenyldialkylfosfitter, tris(nonylfenyl)fosfitter, trilaurylfosfitter, trioktadecylfosfitter, distearylpentaerytritoldifosfitter, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)fosfitter, diisodecylpentaerytritoldifosfitter, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metylfenyl)-pentaerytritoldifosfitt, diisodecyloksypentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, tristearylsorbitoltrifosfitt, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl) 4,4'-bifenylendifosfonitt, 6-isooktyloksy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo[d,f][ 1,3,2]dioksafosfepin, 6-fluor-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-metyl-dibenzo[d,g][l,3,2]dioksafosfocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl)metylfosfitt, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl)etylfosfitt, 2,2'-2"-nitrilo[trietyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-bifenyl-2,2'-diyl)fosfitt], 2-etylheksyl(3,3 ',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-l,l'-bifenyl-2,2'-diyl)fosfitt.
Spesielt foretrukket er følgende fosfitter:
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)fosfitt (Irgafos 168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.), tris(nonylfenyl)fosfitt. 5. Hvdroksvlaminer. for eksempel N,N'-dibenzylhydroksylamin, N,N-dietylhydroksylamin, N,N-dioktylhydroksylamin, N,N-dilaurylhydroksylamin, N,N-ditetradecylhydroksylamin, N,N-diheksadecylhydroksylamin, N,N-dioktadecylhydroksylamin, N-heksadecyl-N-oktadecylhydroksylamin,N-heptadecyl-N-oktadecylhydroksylamin, N,N-dialkylhydroksylamin avledet fra hydrogenert talgamin, N,N-di(alkyl)hydroksylamin fremstilt ved direkte oksikasjon av N,N-di(hydrogenert talg)amin. 6. Nitroner. for eksempel N-benzyl-alfa-fenyl-nitron, N-etyl-alfa-metyl-nitron, N-oktyl-alfa-heptyl-nitron, N-lauryl-alfa-undecyl-nitron, N-tetradecyl-alfa-tridecylnitron, N-heksadecyl-alfa-pentadecyl-nitron, N-oktadecyl-alfa-heptadecyl-nitron, N-heksadecyl-alfa-heptadecyl-nitron, N-oktadecyl-alfa-pentadecyl-nitron, N-heptadecyl-alfa-heptadecyl-nitron, N-oktadecyl-alfa-heksadecyl-nitron, nitron avledet fra N,N-dialkylhydroksylamin avledet fra hydrogenert talgamin. 7. Benzofuranoner og indolinoner, for eksempel de beskrevet i U.S. 4.325.863; U.S. 4.338.244; U.S. 5.175.312; U.S. 5.216.052; U.S. 5.252.643; DE-A-4316611; DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839 eller EP-A-0591102 eller 3-[4-(2-acetoksyetoksy)-fenyl]5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloksyetoksy)fenyl]benzofuran-2-on, 3,3' -bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-hydroksyetoksy]fenyl)benzofuran-2-on], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-etoksyfenyl)benzofuran-2-on, 3-(4-acetoksy-3,5-dimetylfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofliran-2-on, 3 -(3,5-dimetyl-4-pi valoyloksyfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,4-dimetylfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on, 3-(2,3-dimetylfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-on.
8. Tiosvner<g>ister, for eksempel dilauryltiodipropionat eller distearyltiopropionat.
9. Peroksidrensemidler. for eksempel estere av b-tiodipropionsyre, for eksempel lauryl, stearyl, myristyl eller tridecylesterne, merkaptobenzimidazoler eller sinksaltet av 2-merkaptobenzimidazol, sinkdibutylditiokarbamat, dioktadecyldisulfid, pentaerytritoltetrakis(b-dodecylmerkapto)proprionat. 10. Polvamidstabiliseringsmidler, for eksempel kobbersalter i kombinasjon med jodider og/eller fosforforbindelser og salter av toverdig mangan. 11. Basiske ko- stabiliseirngsmidler, for eksempel melamin, polyvinylpyrrolidon dicyandiamid, triallylcyanurat, ureaderivater, hydrazinderivater, aminer, polyamider, polyuretaner, alkalimetallsalter og jordalkalimetallsalter av høyere fettsyrer, for eksempel kalsiumstearat, sinkstearat, magnesiumbehenat, magnesiumstearat, natriumirsinoleat og kaliumpalmitat, antimonpyrokatekolat eller sinkpyrokatekolat. 12. Nukleeringsmidler, for eksempel uorganiske stoffer så som talkum, metalloksider så som titandioksid eller magnesiumoksid, fosfater, karbonater eller sulfater av, fortrinnsvis, jordalkalimetaller; organiske forbindelser så som mono- eller polykarboksylsyrer og saltene derav, f.eks. 4-tert-butylbenzosyre, adipinsyre, difenyleddiksyre, natriumsuksinat eller natriumbenzoat; polymere forbindelser så som ioniske kopolymerer (ionomerer). 13. Fyllstoffer og forsterkende midler, for eksempel kalsiumkarbonat, silikater, glassfibrer, glasskuler, asbest, talk, kaolin, glimmer, bariumsulfat, metalloksider og hydroksider, kjønrøk, grafitt, tremel og mel eller fibrer av andre naturprodukter, syntetiske fibrer. 14. Andre additiver, for eksempel myknere, smøremidler, emulgeringsmidler, pigmenter, fargestoffer, optiske lysnere, reologiadditiver, katalysatorer, strømningskontrollmidler, slippmidler, tverrbindende midler, tverrbindende forsterkningsmidler, halogenrensemidler, røkinhibitorer, brennbarhetsbeskyttende midler, antistatiske midler, klargjørende midler og esemidler.
Fyllstoffene (punkt 13 i listen) er for eksempel metallhydroksider, spesielt magnesiumhydroksid og aluminiumhydroksid. De kan tilsettes i en konsentrasjon på ca. 0,01 til ca. 60 vekt-% basert på vekten av polyolefinet.
Esemidler (punkt 14 i listen), så som azodikarbonamid, kan anvendes for å tilveiebringe skum fremfor fast isolering.
De primære antioksidantene av komponent (b), metalldeaktivatoren av komponent (c) og eventuelle ytterligere additiver inkorporeres i polyolefinet av komponent (a) ved kjente fremgangsmåter, for eksempel før eller etter formgiving eller også ved tilføring av den oppløste eller dispergerte stabiliseringsmiddelblandingen til polyolefinet, med eller uten etterfølgende avdampning av oppløsningsmidlet. Komponenter (b) og (c) og eventuelle ytterligere additiver kan også tilsettes til polyolefinet i form av en forblanding som inneholder disse komponentene i en konsentrasjon på, for eksempel, ca. 2,5 til ca. 25 vektprosent.
Antioksidantene av komponent (b), totalt, anvendes for eksempel i området på ca. 0,01 vektprosent til ca. 1,5 vektprosent, basert på vekten av polyolefinet (a). Fortrinnsvis anvendes forbindelsene av komponent (b) totalt i området fra ca. 0,05 vektprosent til ca. 1,0 vektprosent basert på vekten av polyolefinet (a).
Metalldeaktivatorene av komponent (c), totalt, anvendes for eksempel i området fra ca. 0,1 vektprosent til ca. 2,5 vektprosent basert på vekten av polyolefinet (a). Fortrinnsvis anvendes forbindelsene av komponent (b), totalt, i området fra ca. 0,1 vektprosent til ca. 2,0 vektprosent basert på vekten av polyolefinet (a).
Vektforholdet mellom metalldeaktivatorne av komponent (c) og antioksidantene av komponent (b) anvendt i foreliggende oppfinnelse er for eksempel i området på fra ca. 0,5:1 til ca. 20:1. Fortrinnsvis er forholdet mellom komponent (c) og komponent (b) i området fra ca. 1:1 til ca. 10:1.
De følgende eksemplene illustrerer oppfinnelsen i større detalj. De er ikke ment å utgjøre noen begrensning på oppfinnelsen på noen måte.
Eksempel 1:
Stabilisering av polyolefiner i srnørefettfylt kabelkonstruksjon
100 deler høydensitetspolyetylen tørrblandes med 0,4 deler Irganox MD 1024 (1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazin) og 0,2 deler av en av de primære antioksidantene angitt i tabell 1 nedenfor. Blandingene smeltekomponderes til pellets ved 230°C i en Superior/MPM ekstruder ved anvendelse av en 24:1 L/D skrue med Maddock blandinghode ved 60 opm.
Det pelletiserte polyetylenet inneholdende stabiliseringsmiddelblandingene kompressjonsformes ved 204°C til 0,254 mm tykke filmer med Mylar baksidelag. "Innledende oksidasjonsinduksjonstid" (OIT) måles på disse forsøksfilmene.
Prøvefilmene neddykkes deretter i Witcogel, tilgjengelig fra Witco, et typisk hydrokarbonkabelsmørefett anvendt i telecomkabler. Witco-fylleforbindelsen inneholder 0,6% Irganox 1035, tiodietylen bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionat). Prøvefilmene neddykket i fylleforbindelsen eksponeres i en luftovn ved 70°C i 14 dager. Prøvene tørkes deretter rene for kabelsmørefettet. "Eldet oksidasjonsinduksjonstid" måles på disse prøvene.
OIT-testing oppnås ved anvendelse av et differensialsveipkalorimeter ifølge ASTM standard forsøksmetode D3895. Forsøksbetingelsene er: Ukrympet aluminium bråler (pan); ingen sikt; oppvarming til 200°C under nitrogen, etterfulgt av en omkobling til en 100 milliliter/minutt strøm av oksygen. Oksidasjonsinduksjontid (OIT) er tidsintervallet mellom starten av oksygenstrømmen og den eksoterme dekomponeringen av forsøksprøven. OIT rapporteres i minutter; jo lengre OIT er, jo mer effektiv er stabiliseringsblandingen ved forebyggelse av oksidativ nedbrytning. Relativ ytelse av stabiliseringsmiddelblandingen i smørefettfylte kabelanvendelser kan forutsies ved å sammenligne innledende OIT verdier og de eldede OIT verdiene.
Stabiliseringsmiddelblandingen av Irganox 1098, Irganox 3114, Irganox 3125, hver med metalldeaktivator Irganox MD 1024 (l,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazin) er overlegen en stabiliseringsmiddelblanding ifølge teknikkens stand av Irganox 1010/Irganox MD 1024 med hensyn til innledende og eldet OIT. Irganox 1098 erN,N'-heksan-l,6-diylbis-(3-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionamid)), Irganox 3114 en tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)isocyanurat, Irganox 3125 er tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyloksy)isocyanurat. Irganox er et varemerke for Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation.
Claims (8)
1.
Stabilisert kabelkonstruksj on, karakterisert ved at den omfatter: (i) et flertall av isolerte elektriske ledere som har mellomrom seg imellom,
idet isolering omfatter (a) et eller flere polyolefiner, og (b) en eller flere primære antioksidanter valgt fra gruppen av N,N'-heksan-l,6-diylbis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionamid)), tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)isocyanurat og tris(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-hydrocinnamoyloksy)etyl)isocyanurat, og (c) en eller flere metalldeaktivatorer valgt fra alkylhydroksyfenylalkaoyl-hydraziner, og (ii) hydrokarbonkabelsmørefett i mellomrommene, og (iii) en mantel som omgir komponentene (i) og (ii).
2.
Kabelkonstruksj on ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at polyolefinene av komponent (a) er polyetylen eller polypropylen eller blandinger derav.
3.
Kabelkonstruksj on ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at metalldeaktivatorene av komponent (c) er gitt ved formelen
hvori n er 0 eller et helt tall fra 1 til 5;
Ri er en rett eller forgrenet alkylkjede inneholdende 1 til 6 karbonatomer; R2 er hydrogen eller Ri; og
R3 er hydrogen, en alkanoyl inneholdende 2 til 18 karbonatomer, eller en gruppe med formelen
hvori n, Ri og R2 uavhengig har de samme definisjonene som ovenfor.
4.
Kabelkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at metalldeaktivatoren av komponent (c) er l,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazin.
5.
Kabelkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at nevnte antioksidanter av komponent (b) totalt er tilstede i området fra ca. 0,05 vektprosent til ca. 1,0 vektprosent basert på vekten av polyolefinet av komponent (a).
6.
Kabelkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at metalldeaktivatorne av komponent (c) totalt er tilstede i området fra ca. 0,1 vektprosent til ca. 2,0 vektprosent basert på vekten av polyolefinet av komponent (a).
7.
Kabelkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at hydrokarbonkabelfyllstoffettet av komponent (ii), eller en eller flere av hydrokarbonbestanddelene derav, er tilstede i polyolefinet av komponent (a).
8.
Kabelkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at hydrokarbonkabelfyllstoffettet av komponent (ii), eller en eller flere av hydrokarbonbestanddelene derav totalt er tilstede i polyolefinet av komponent (a) i området fra ca. 3 til ca. 30 vektprosent basert på vekten av komponent (a).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12610099P | 1999-03-25 | 1999-03-25 | |
US09/370,293 US6228495B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 1999-08-09 | Stabilized telecommunication cable insulation composition |
PCT/EP2000/001403 WO2000058975A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-02-21 | Stabilized telecommunication cable insulation composition |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO20014321D0 NO20014321D0 (no) | 2001-09-05 |
NO20014321L NO20014321L (no) | 2001-09-05 |
NO328133B1 true NO328133B1 (no) | 2009-12-14 |
Family
ID=26824285
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO20014321A NO328133B1 (no) | 1999-03-25 | 2001-09-05 | Stabilisert isolasjonssammensetning for telekommunikasjonskabel |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6228495B1 (no) |
EP (1) | EP1171890B1 (no) |
KR (1) | KR100596078B1 (no) |
CN (1) | CN1175431C (no) |
AT (1) | ATE391995T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU752917B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA2363375C (no) |
DE (1) | DE60038549T2 (no) |
ES (1) | ES2302688T3 (no) |
NO (1) | NO328133B1 (no) |
WO (1) | WO2000058975A1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (28)
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DE602004028458D1 (de) * | 2003-04-16 | 2010-09-16 | Prime Polymer Co Ltd | Polyolefinharzzusammensetzung und kombination von harzformkörpern unter deren verwendung |
US7247796B2 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2007-07-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Filling materials |
AU2003283313A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-08 | Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L. | Process for manufacturing a water-resistant telecommunication cable |
US7557301B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2009-07-07 | Southwire Company | Method of manufacturing electrical cable having reduced required force for installation |
US7749024B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2010-07-06 | Southwire Company | Method of manufacturing THHN electrical cable, and resulting product, with reduced required installation pulling force |
US10763008B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2020-09-01 | Southwire Company, Llc | Method of manufacturing electrical cable, and resulting product, with reduced required installation pulling force |
EP1849824A1 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-10-31 | Borealis Technology Oy | Polymer composition with improved ageing resistance |
US8800967B2 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-08-12 | Southwire Company, Llc | Integrated systems facilitating wire and cable installations |
ATE536387T1 (de) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-12-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Uv-stabilisierung einer vernetzbaren polyolefinzusammensetzung mit einem sauren silanol-kondensationskatalysator |
US8206825B2 (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2012-06-26 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Preparation of wires and cables |
CN101540219B (zh) * | 2008-03-19 | 2012-04-18 | 上海金友电线电缆有限公司 | 125℃辐照交联电力电缆的制造方法 |
US8986586B2 (en) | 2009-03-18 | 2015-03-24 | Southwire Company, Llc | Electrical cable having crosslinked insulation with internal pulling lubricant |
US8912253B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2014-12-16 | Conductores Monterrey, S.A. De C.V. | Easy-to-install electrical cable |
US8658576B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2014-02-25 | Encore Wire Corporation | System, composition and method of application of same for reducing the coefficient of friction and required pulling force during installation of wire or cable |
US10325696B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2019-06-18 | Southwire Company, Llc | Flexible cable with structurally enhanced conductors |
WO2012074006A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | 株式会社フジクラ | 絶縁電線及びケーブル |
EP2607417B1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2015-02-11 | Borealis AG | Polyolefin composition with increased resistance against degradation caused by chlorine dioxide |
US9352371B1 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2016-05-31 | Encore Wire Corporation | Method of manufacture of electrical wire and cable having a reduced coefficient of friction and required pulling force |
US11328843B1 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2022-05-10 | Encore Wire Corporation | Method of manufacture of electrical wire and cable having a reduced coefficient of friction and required pulling force |
US10056742B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-08-21 | Encore Wire Corporation | System, method and apparatus for spray-on application of a wire pulling lubricant |
CN103198903B (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2016-12-28 | 常州市新东方电缆有限公司 | 一种光伏电缆的生产工艺 |
US10431350B1 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2019-10-01 | Southwire Company, Llc | Non-circular electrical cable having a reduced pulling force |
CN105609194A (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-25 | 安徽南洋电缆有限公司 | 一种抗拖拽抗干扰电缆 |
CN105670148A (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-15 | 安徽华海特种电缆集团有限公司 | 一种防火抗拖拽井下电缆 |
EP3421529A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-02 | Songwon Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polyolefin articles with improved resistance against chlorine dioxide |
US10388429B1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-08-20 | Superior Essex International LP | Hybrid cable with low density filling compound |
US10593441B1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-03-17 | Superior Essex International LP | Hybrid cable with low density filling compound |
RU2732282C1 (ru) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-09-15 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью НПП "Спецкабель" | Симметричный высокочастотный герметичный кабель пониженной пожароопасности |
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US3773722A (en) | 1969-03-28 | 1973-11-20 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Synthetic organic polymeric substances stabilized with alkylhydroxyphenyl-alkanoyl-hydrazines |
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TW238328B (no) | 1992-03-19 | 1995-01-11 | Quantum Chem Corp | |
WO1993024938A1 (en) | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-09 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
WO1993024935A1 (en) | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-09 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
US5380591A (en) | 1992-12-30 | 1995-01-10 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
US5474847A (en) | 1994-03-29 | 1995-12-12 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
US5502288A (en) | 1994-03-30 | 1996-03-26 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
US5453322A (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-09-26 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
US5766761A (en) | 1996-12-11 | 1998-06-16 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
US5807635A (en) | 1997-01-24 | 1998-09-15 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Telephone cables |
-
1999
- 1999-08-09 US US09/370,293 patent/US6228495B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-02-21 CN CNB008053812A patent/CN1175431C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-21 CA CA002363375A patent/CA2363375C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-21 KR KR1020017012231A patent/KR100596078B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-21 AT AT00909224T patent/ATE391995T1/de active
- 2000-02-21 WO PCT/EP2000/001403 patent/WO2000058975A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-21 EP EP00909224A patent/EP1171890B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-21 DE DE60038549T patent/DE60038549T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-21 ES ES00909224T patent/ES2302688T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-21 AU AU31579/00A patent/AU752917B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-09-05 NO NO20014321A patent/NO328133B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1171890A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
DE60038549D1 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
DE60038549T2 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
WO2000058975A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
CN1175431C (zh) | 2004-11-10 |
CA2363375A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
NO20014321D0 (no) | 2001-09-05 |
KR100596078B1 (ko) | 2006-07-03 |
ES2302688T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
AU3157900A (en) | 2000-10-16 |
AU752917B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
US6228495B1 (en) | 2001-05-08 |
CN1344418A (zh) | 2002-04-10 |
CA2363375C (en) | 2007-12-04 |
EP1171890B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
NO20014321L (no) | 2001-09-05 |
KR20010110692A (ko) | 2001-12-13 |
ATE391995T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
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