NO311143B1 - Fremgangsmåte til å ekstrahere fluor fra mineraler eller mineralprodukter - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåte til å ekstrahere fluor fra mineraler eller mineralprodukter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO311143B1 NO311143B1 NO19955338A NO955338A NO311143B1 NO 311143 B1 NO311143 B1 NO 311143B1 NO 19955338 A NO19955338 A NO 19955338A NO 955338 A NO955338 A NO 955338A NO 311143 B1 NO311143 B1 NO 311143B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- mineral
- leaching solution
- fluorine
- metal
- leaching
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 73
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 fluorine ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L difluoromanganese Chemical class F[Mn]F CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FZGIHSNZYGFUGM-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) fluoride Chemical class [F-].[F-].[Fe+2] FZGIHSNZYGFUGM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000920340 Pion Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 51
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018085 Al-F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018179 Al—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100004392 Arabidopsis thaliana BHLH147 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100004393 Arabidopsis thaliana BHLH148 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100004395 Arabidopsis thaliana BHLH149 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical class [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940077441 fluorapatite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B9/00—General methods of preparing halides
- C01B9/08—Fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/48—Halides, with or without other cations besides aluminium
- C01F7/50—Fluorides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL974593 | 1993-07-02 | ||
| PCT/AU1994/000374 WO1995001460A1 (en) | 1993-07-02 | 1994-07-04 | Method of extracting fluorine from minerals or mineral species |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO955338D0 NO955338D0 (no) | 1995-12-28 |
| NO955338L NO955338L (no) | 1996-02-07 |
| NO311143B1 true NO311143B1 (no) | 2001-10-15 |
Family
ID=3777030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19955338A NO311143B1 (no) | 1993-07-02 | 1995-12-28 | Fremgangsmåte til å ekstrahere fluor fra mineraler eller mineralprodukter |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5830424A (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP0710297B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP3665067B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR100324616B1 (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2166407C (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE69427151T2 (ko) |
| ES (1) | ES2157983T3 (ko) |
| NO (1) | NO311143B1 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO1995001460A1 (ko) |
| ZA (1) | ZA944798B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10029681A1 (de) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-10 | Anatoli Stobbe | Antennenanordnung |
| US8110295B2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2012-02-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Fluorine extraction process for fluoro-refractory coatings and articles manufactured according to said process |
| CN113073195A (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-06 | 四川师范大学 | 一种全质提取氟碳铈精矿中氟和稀土的微波化学方法 |
| CN113802006A (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-17 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | 电池粉浸出液中除氟铜的方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE584964C (de) * | 1929-08-24 | 1933-09-27 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Herstellung von Loesungen der Komplexverbindungen von Fluor und Aluminium |
| GB487021A (en) * | 1936-11-17 | 1938-06-14 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | A process for the recovery of aluminium and fluorine compounds from the worn out linings of the electric furnaces employed for the production of aluminium |
| GB647216A (en) * | 1946-10-17 | 1950-12-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Improvements in or relating to the production of aluminium fluoride from calcium fluoride |
| US3928019A (en) * | 1974-11-27 | 1975-12-23 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Froth flotation method |
| JPS5515976A (en) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-02-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Corrosiveness controlling method for fluorine-containing solution |
| GB8301974D0 (en) * | 1983-01-25 | 1983-02-23 | Alcan Int Ltd | Aluminium fluoride from scrap |
| US4444740A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-04-24 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for the recovery of fluorides from spent aluminum potlining and the production of an environmentally safe waste residue |
| US4597953A (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-07-01 | Aluminum Company Of America | Halogen recovery |
| US5352419A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1994-10-04 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Recovery of aluminium and fluoride values from spent pot lining |
| AU648913B2 (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1994-05-05 | Comalco Aluminium Limited | Recovery of aluminium and fluoride values from spent pot lining |
| DK19391D0 (da) * | 1991-02-05 | 1991-02-05 | Oeresund Kryolit | Fremgangsmaade til udvinding af aluminium og fluor fra fluorholdige spildmaterialer |
-
1994
- 1994-07-04 EP EP94919520A patent/EP0710297B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-04 CA CA002166407A patent/CA2166407C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-04 WO PCT/AU1994/000374 patent/WO1995001460A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-07-04 US US08/571,923 patent/US5830424A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-04 JP JP50317695A patent/JP3665067B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-04 ES ES94919520T patent/ES2157983T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-04 KR KR1019950706061A patent/KR100324616B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-04 DE DE69427151T patent/DE69427151T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-04 ZA ZA944798A patent/ZA944798B/xx unknown
-
1995
- 1995-12-28 NO NO19955338A patent/NO311143B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0710297A4 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
| ES2157983T3 (es) | 2001-09-01 |
| NO955338D0 (no) | 1995-12-28 |
| KR960703442A (ko) | 1996-08-17 |
| EP0710297A1 (en) | 1996-05-08 |
| JP3665067B2 (ja) | 2005-06-29 |
| JPH09503475A (ja) | 1997-04-08 |
| KR100324616B1 (ko) | 2002-08-01 |
| CA2166407A1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
| DE69427151T2 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
| NO955338L (no) | 1996-02-07 |
| EP0710297B1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
| WO1995001460A1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
| ZA944798B (en) | 1995-02-20 |
| DE69427151D1 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
| CA2166407C (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| US5830424A (en) | 1998-11-03 |
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| Allain | Université de Lorraine, UMR 7359 CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources Laboratory, 2, rue du doyen Roubault, BP 10162, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France* Corresponding author E-mail address: ndue. kanari@ univ-lorraine. fr | |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK1K | Patent expired |