NO171303B - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HOT-TOP CASTING OF REACTIVE METALS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HOT-TOP CASTING OF REACTIVE METALS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO171303B NO171303B NO904127A NO904127A NO171303B NO 171303 B NO171303 B NO 171303B NO 904127 A NO904127 A NO 904127A NO 904127 A NO904127 A NO 904127A NO 171303 B NO171303 B NO 171303B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hot
- gas
- magnesium
- mold
- casting
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte og en anordning ved hot-top senkestøping av reaktive metaller slik som magnesium og magnesiumlegeringer. The invention relates to a method and a device for hot-top immersion casting of reactive metals such as magnesium and magnesium alloys.
Ønsket om en rasjonell støping av magnesium har resultert i overgang til senkestøping med bruk av "hot top". Dette er en prosess vanlig brukt for støping av aluminium. Senkestøping foregår ved at smeltet metall tilføres i den ene enden av en åpen kokille, som blir vannkjølt på utsiden. Metallet størkner på kokilleveggen og produktet føres kontinuerlig i størknet tilstand ut i den andre delen av kokillen, der "bolten" blir ytterligere nedkjølt av direkte vannkjøling. En hot-top kokille består i prinsippet av en vannkjølt kokille samt en isolerende keramisk hot-top som virker som et metallreservoar med uniform temperatur. Med den keramiske hot-toppen er det mulig å lage et rennesystem mellom flere kokiller, slik at flere bolter kan støpes samtidig. The desire for a rational casting of magnesium has resulted in a transition to immersion casting with the use of "hot top". This is a process commonly used for casting aluminium. Sink casting takes place by feeding molten metal into one end of an open mould, which is water-cooled on the outside. The metal solidifies on the mold wall and the product is continuously fed in a solidified state into the other part of the mold, where the "bolt" is further cooled by direct water cooling. A hot-top mold basically consists of a water-cooled mold and an insulating ceramic hot-top that acts as a metal reservoir with a uniform temperature. With the ceramic hot top, it is possible to create a chute system between several moulds, so that several bolts can be cast at the same time.
For å få et best mulig produkt er det viktig å ha en god varmebalanse i kokillen. Størkningen bestemmes av kokilledesign, støpehastighet, kjølevannsmengde, metalltemperatur, metallnivå i kokilla samt mengde av smøremidlet som skal smøre mellom kokillevegg og bolt. To get the best possible product, it is important to have a good heat balance in the mold. Solidification is determined by mold design, casting speed, amount of cooling water, metal temperature, metal level in the mold and amount of lubricant to lubricate between mold wall and bolt.
Feil støpeparametre kan medføre støpefeil og stygg overflate. Støpefeil oppstår også ved dårlige skjøter mellom hot-top og kokille, samt uheldig kokilledesign. Incorrect casting parameters can lead to casting defects and an ugly surface. Casting defects also occur from bad joints between hot-top and mold, as well as from poor mold design.
Ved hot-top støping av magnesium benyttes lette, porøse keramiske materialer med ekstremt lav varmeledningsevne som en del av kokillesystemet. Denne metoden er spesielt anvendelig for støping av bolter fra 100 mm diameter og oppover. Det er viktig at produktet har en jevn, glatt overflate uten støpefeil og oksyd for at det skal være egnet for ekstrudering. En glatt overflate er viktig for ekstruderingshastigheten. For bolter/ T-barrer som skal benyttes i aluminium-legeringer er det viktig at overflaten er oksydfri for å unngå forurensning av metallet. Det er også viktig at .det ikke fins sprekker/hulrom i overflaten der fuktighet kan trenge inn. Fuktighet i metallet vil når det tilføres aluminiumssmelten gi en voldsom eksplosiv fordampning som er en alvorlig sikkerhetsrisiko. In hot-top casting of magnesium, light, porous ceramic materials with extremely low thermal conductivity are used as part of the mold system. This method is particularly applicable for casting bolts from 100 mm diameter and upwards. It is important that the product has an even, smooth surface without casting defects and oxide for it to be suitable for extrusion. A smooth surface is important for extrusion speed. For bolts/T-bars to be used in aluminum alloys, it is important that the surface is oxide-free to avoid contamination of the metal. It is also important that there are no cracks/cavities in the surface where moisture can penetrate. Moisture in the metal, when it is added to the aluminum melt, will cause violent explosive evaporation which is a serious safety risk.
Utprøving av denne metoden for magnesium ga imidlertid et produkt med svart oksydbelegg og støpefeil. Dette er et vanlig problem som kan oppstå ved konvensjonell støping av reaktive metaller slik som magnesium og magnesiumlegeringer. Årsaken kan være bruk av feil støpeparametre. For høy hastighet eller for lite kjølevann kan medføre reaksjon mellom vanndamp og magnesium på grunn av utilstrekkelig primærkjøling. For mye vann, for høyt metallnivå eller for sen støpehastighet kan føre til ettersmelting av metall pga. dårlig varmetransport i luftgapet som dannes mellom kokille og metall når metallet krymper i størkningen. Den vanligste grunn til oksyd på overflaten er at det smeltede metallet oksyderer og oksydet blir dratt ned i kokilla langs overflaten av bolten. However, testing this method on magnesium produced a product with a black oxide coating and casting defects. This is a common problem that can occur in conventional casting of reactive metals such as magnesium and magnesium alloys. The reason may be the use of incorrect casting parameters. Too high a speed or too little cooling water can cause a reaction between water vapor and magnesium due to insufficient primary cooling. Too much water, too high a metal level or too slow a casting speed can lead to post-melting of metal due to poor heat transfer in the air gap that forms between the mold and the metal when the metal shrinks during solidification. The most common reason for oxide on the surface is that the molten metal oxidizes and the oxide is drawn down into the mold along the surface of the bolt.
For å hindre dette, er en vanlig brukt metode i magnesium-industrien å beskytte overflaten med en gass, slik som SF6. Når oksygen reagerer med smeltet magnesium blir det dannet et porøst oksyd som slipper luft igjennom, hvilket muliggjør videre oksydasjon. Funkjonen av SF6 kan muligens forklares ved at SF6-molekylet adsorberes på oksydoverflaten og hindrer lufttilgang for videre oksydasjon. Gassen gir beskyttelse ved inntil 1% blanding i luft. To prevent this, a commonly used method in the magnesium industry is to protect the surface with a gas, such as SF6. When oxygen reacts with molten magnesium, a porous oxide is formed which lets air through, enabling further oxidation. The function of SF6 can possibly be explained by the fact that the SF6 molecule is adsorbed on the oxide surface and prevents air access for further oxidation. The gas provides protection at up to a 1% mixture in air.
Gassdekning med SF6 over smelta for å hindre oksydasjon ga i dette tilfellet ikke bedre resultat. Ved støping benyttes olje for smøring av kokillen. Det ble undersøkt om anvendte oljer kunne ha inneholdt fuktighet som forårsaket misfarging, men uten resultat. Det ble funnet at en årsak til støpefeilene var at det svarte oksydbelegget ble sittende fast i oljen og at dette forstyrret størkningsprosessen. Verken variasjon av støpeparametre eller arbeid med å finne alternative lufttette materialer med bedre dimensjonene toleranser ga noen endring i det endelige, produkt. Tettere materialer medfører dessuten høyere termisk ledningsevne og det kan være vanskelig å kontrollere varmebalansen i kokillen. Gas coverage with SF6 over the melt to prevent oxidation gave no better results in this case. When casting, oil is used to lubricate the mold. It was investigated whether the oils used could have contained moisture which caused discolouration, but to no avail. It was found that one cause of the casting defects was that the black oxide coating became stuck in the oil and that this interfered with the solidification process. Neither variation of casting parameters nor work to find alternative airtight materials with better dimensional tolerances produced any change in the final product. Denser materials also result in higher thermal conductivity and it can be difficult to control the heat balance in the mould.
Til slutt ble årsaken til problemet funnet å kunne være at luft ble suget inn gjennom det porøse hot-top materialet samt gjennom skjøten mellom hot-top og kokille. Magnesium er et kraftig reduksjonsmiddel. Når metallet oksyderes forbrukes oksygenet i lufta og forårsaker et undertrykk som virker mot de porøse keramiske materialer med den følge at luft suges inn gjennom porene og alle skjøter ( selvgenererende vakuum ). Dette fører til at oksydasjonen fortsetter og bolten som støpes blir svart på overflaten. In the end, the cause of the problem was found to be that air was sucked in through the porous hot-top material and through the joint between the hot-top and mold. Magnesium is a powerful reducing agent. When the metal oxidizes, the oxygen in the air is consumed and causes a negative pressure that acts against the porous ceramic materials with the result that air is sucked in through the pores and all joints (self-generating vacuum). This causes oxidation to continue and the cast bolt to turn black on the surface.
Formålet med oppfinnelsen er således å forhindre oksydasjon av magnesium før og under størkning ved senkestøping ved bruk av porøse hot-top materialer. The purpose of the invention is thus to prevent oxidation of magnesium before and during solidification by immersion casting using porous hot-top materials.
Dette og andre formål med oppfinnelsen oppnås ved den fremgangsmåte og apparat som beskrevet nedenfor, og oppfinnelsen er nærmere definert og karakterisert ved de medfølgende patentkrav. This and other purposes of the invention are achieved by the method and apparatus described below, and the invention is further defined and characterized by the accompanying patent claims.
En mulig løsning på problemet vil være å belegge materialet med et gasstett isolerende meteriale inn mot metallet for derved å hindre gassgjennomgang. Dette viste seg i praksis å være vanskelig da det ikke er lett å finne et egnet materiale som både er bestandig mot Mg, har høy isolasjonsevne og er tett. A possible solution to the problem would be to coat the material with a gas-tight insulating material against the metal to thereby prevent gas passage. In practice, this proved to be difficult as it is not easy to find a suitable material that is both resistant to Mg, has high insulating properties and is dense.
En annen løsning ville være å tette isolasjonsblokkene på baksiden og fjerne restluft i porene i isolasjonen. Another solution would be to seal the insulation blocks on the back and remove residual air in the pores of the insulation.
Det ble overraskende funnet at det selvgenererende vakuum kunne utnyttes til å løse problemet. Ved å innføre en inert/ reduser-ende gass atmosfære bak hot-top materialet vil gassen virke oksydasjonshindrende på magnesium og forhindre videre oksydasjon. Best resultat ble oppnådd ved bruk av SF6 av høy konsentrasjon. Etter at porene er mettet, kan gassforbruket reduseres. Systemet må tettes for å hindre luft inntregning gjennom spalter osv. Det ble oppnådd et produkt med jevn overflate uten misfarging. It was surprisingly found that the self-generating vacuum could be used to solve the problem. By introducing an inert/reducing gas atmosphere behind the hot-top material, the gas will have an oxidation-inhibiting effect on magnesium and prevent further oxidation. Best results were obtained using SF6 of high concentration. After the pores are saturated, gas consumption can be reduced. The system must be sealed to prevent air ingress through gaps etc. A product with a smooth surface without discoloration was obtained.
Oppfinnelsen skal nærmere beskrives med henvisning til de medfølgende tegninger, figur 1-2, hvor The invention shall be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, figures 1-2, where
Figur 1 viser kokillesystemet før oppstart. Figure 1 shows the mold system before start-up.
Figur 2 viser systemet under drift. Figure 2 shows the system in operation.
Den beste løsningen på oksydasjonsproblemet ble funnet å være at hot-top materialet og eventuelle skjøter ble mettet med en beskyttelsesgass. Dette kan i praksis utføres ved at en beskyttelsesgass slik som SF6 av høy konsentrasjon føres inn i det lukkede rom mellom hot-top og hot-top mantel. Når luften i hot-toppen forbrukes, vil beskyttelsesgassen i stedet for luft suges inn i hot-top og skjøter og forhindre videre oksydasjon. Produktet blir da oksydfritt selv om skjøtene ikke er helt tette. Krav om tette skjøter ville vanskeliggjøre vedlikeholdet av hot-top og kokille. The best solution to the oxidation problem was found to be that the hot-top material and any joints were saturated with a protective gas. In practice, this can be carried out by introducing a protective gas such as SF6 of high concentration into the closed space between the hot-top and hot-top mantle. When the air in the hot-top is consumed, the protective gas instead of air will be sucked into the hot-top and joints and prevent further oxidation. The product then becomes oxide-free even if the joints are not completely sealed. Requirements for tight joints would make maintenance of the hot-top and mold difficult.
Beskyttelsesgassen bør være av høy konsentrasjon. Ved forsøkene ble det benyttet svovelheksafluorid. Denne gassen kan også benyttes i blandinger med karbondioksyd og inertgasser. Andre beskyttelsesgasser inneholdende fluorider, klorider eller bor ider av høy konsentrasjon, kan også brukes. The shielding gas should be of high concentration. Sulfur hexafluoride was used in the experiments. This gas can also be used in mixtures with carbon dioxide and inert gases. Other shielding gases containing fluorides, chlorides or boron ides of high concentration can also be used.
I figur 1 er det vist hvordan en hot-top kokille med dekning av beskyttelsesgass kan settes opp. I figur 2 er samme system vist under støping. En isolerende hot-top 1 av et porøst keramisk materiale er plassert på en vannavkjølt kokille 2. Ved oppstart benyttes en startblokk 3 av stål eller aluminium. Vannet ledes inn i kjølekanalen 4 , kjøler kokilleveggen 5 og strømmer ut fra kokilla og direkte ut på det størknede skallet 6 på bolten (fig.2). Metallet blir tilført kokilla gjennom et rennesystem i hot-toppen eller gjennom et overføringsrør til kokilla. I rommet 7 mellom hot-top 1 og hot-top mantel 8 er det plassert et perforert rør 9 rundt hot-toppen som fordeler beskyttelsesgass jevnt i rommet. Gassen vil suges inn gjennom porene i de porøse keramiske materialer og eventuelle skjøter og derved beskytte det flytende metall og metallet i størkningssonen mot oksydasjon. Det er anordnet et deksel 10 på toppen for å hindre lufttilgang. Gasstrømmen kontrolleres gjennom et flowmeter. Et annet perforert gassrør 11 beskytter den smeltede metallflate 12 mot oksydasjon. Figure 1 shows how a hot-top mold with protective gas coverage can be set up. Figure 2 shows the same system during casting. An insulating hot-top 1 of a porous ceramic material is placed on a water-cooled mold 2. When starting, a starting block 3 of steel or aluminum is used. The water is led into the cooling channel 4, cools the mold wall 5 and flows out of the mold and directly onto the solidified shell 6 of the bolt (fig.2). The metal is fed to the mold through a chute system in the hot top or through a transfer pipe to the mold. In the space 7 between the hot-top 1 and the hot-top mantle 8, a perforated pipe 9 is placed around the hot-top which distributes protective gas evenly in the space. The gas will be sucked in through the pores in the porous ceramic materials and any joints and thereby protect the liquid metal and the metal in the solidification zone from oxidation. A cover 10 is arranged on top to prevent air access. The gas flow is controlled through a flow meter. Another perforated gas tube 11 protects the molten metal surface 12 against oxidation.
Følgende eksempel vil nærmere belyse oppfinnelsen. The following example will further illustrate the invention.
Eksempel Example
En ren magnesium rundbolt med diameter 535 mm ble støpt i en hot-top kokille som vist på figurene. Støpehastigheten var 60 mm/min og kjølevannsmengden 30 m<3>/time. Bolten fikk en sort oksydert overflate. En volumstrøm på 2 dm<3>/min SFg ble tilført bak hot-top materialet, og oksydasjonen forsvant. Når det keramiske materialet var mettet med SF6 og hulrommet bak kokillen fylt, kunne gassmengden reduseres til under 0,5 dm<3>/min. A pure magnesium round bolt with a diameter of 535 mm was cast in a hot-top mold as shown in the figures. The casting speed was 60 mm/min and the cooling water quantity 30 m<3>/hour. The bolt was given a black oxidized surface. A volume flow of 2 dm<3>/min SFg was supplied behind the hot-top material, and the oxidation disappeared. When the ceramic material was saturated with SF6 and the cavity behind the mold filled, the gas quantity could be reduced to below 0.5 dm<3>/min.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO904127A NO171303C (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1990-09-21 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HOT-TOP CASTING OF REACTIVE METALS |
| CA 2047384 CA2047384C (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1991-07-18 | Method and apparatus for hot top casting of reactive metals |
| FR9111617A FR2667002B1 (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1991-09-20 | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING REACTIVE METALS IN A MOLD WITH A HIGHER HOT PART. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO904127A NO171303C (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1990-09-21 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HOT-TOP CASTING OF REACTIVE METALS |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO904127D0 NO904127D0 (en) | 1990-09-21 |
| NO904127L NO904127L (en) | 1992-03-23 |
| NO171303B true NO171303B (en) | 1992-11-16 |
| NO171303C NO171303C (en) | 1993-02-24 |
Family
ID=19893505
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO904127A NO171303C (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1990-09-21 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HOT-TOP CASTING OF REACTIVE METALS |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2047384C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2667002B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO171303C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2703609B3 (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1995-02-10 | Lorraine Laminage | Continuous casting process in charge of metals and ingot mold for its implementation. |
| FR2800654B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-12-14 | Lorraine Laminage | LINGOTIERE WITH WIDE SECTION FOR VERTICAL CONTINUOUS CASTING IN METAL LOAD |
| NO20023101L (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2003-12-29 | Norsk Hydro As | Device for st degree equipment |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2517834A1 (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1976-11-04 | Linde Ag | Continuous casting plant using double gas curtain - to protect molten metal flowing from ladle into mould. |
| GR61761B (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1979-01-09 | Linde Ag | Casting plant |
| CH663165A5 (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1987-11-30 | Lauener Eng Ag | CASTING MACHINE FOR CONTINUOUSLY casting METAL AND METHOD FOR THE OPERATION THEREOF. |
| JPS61119359A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-06-06 | Showa Alum Ind Kk | Continuous casting method of magnesium or ally thereof |
| FR2599650B2 (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1988-08-26 | Pechiney Aluminium | METAL LOADING DEVICE |
-
1990
- 1990-09-21 NO NO904127A patent/NO171303C/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-07-18 CA CA 2047384 patent/CA2047384C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-20 FR FR9111617A patent/FR2667002B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2047384A1 (en) | 1992-03-22 |
| NO904127D0 (en) | 1990-09-21 |
| FR2667002B1 (en) | 1994-09-23 |
| NO904127L (en) | 1992-03-23 |
| FR2667002A1 (en) | 1992-03-27 |
| CA2047384C (en) | 1997-09-09 |
| NO171303C (en) | 1993-02-24 |
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