NO150722B - PROCEDURE FOR POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE IN Aqueous DISPERSION - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE IN Aqueous DISPERSION Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO150722B NO150722B NO773062A NO773062A NO150722B NO 150722 B NO150722 B NO 150722B NO 773062 A NO773062 A NO 773062A NO 773062 A NO773062 A NO 773062A NO 150722 B NO150722 B NO 150722B
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- anions
- reactor
- vinyl chloride
- water
- Prior art date
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 26
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001358 L(+)-tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011002 L(+)-tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-N L-(+)-Tartaric acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCJGHYSTCBLKIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-acetylcyclohexyl)sulfonyloxy 1-acetylcyclohexane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C(C)=O)S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)C1(C(=O)C)CCCCC1 PCJGHYSTCBLKIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical group CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N Mesotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012969 di-tertiary-butyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N dibutyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCC JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940048879 dl tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWINGZLCRSDKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxycarbonyloxy ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCC CWINGZLCRSDKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVXIMLLVSSOUNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine;nitric acid Chemical compound [F].O[N+]([O-])=O LVXIMLLVSSOUNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- AUONNNVJUCSETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoyl icosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC AUONNNVJUCSETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045919 sodium polymetaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YNBRSWNUNPAQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;phenylmethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YNBRSWNUNPAQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical class [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006886 vinylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/002—Scale prevention in a polymerisation reactor or its auxiliary parts
- C08F2/005—Scale prevention in a polymerisation reactor or its auxiliary parts by addition of a scale inhibitor to the polymerisation medium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse gjelder en fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av vinylklorid i vandig dispersjon. The present invention relates to a method for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in an aqueous dispersion.
Vanligvis polymeriseres de halogenholdige vinylmonomerer Generally, the halogen-containing vinyl monomers are polymerized
i form av små dråper som dispergeres i vann ved hjelp av mekanisk omrøring og i nærvær av emulgeringsmidler eller dispergeringsmidler, idet det brukes fettløselige polymerisasjons-initiatorer (suspensjonspolymerisasjon) eller vannløselige polymerisasjons-initiatorer (emulsjonspolymerisasjon). Polymerisasjonen utføres vanligvis diskontinuerlig i reaktorer som har en stålkjel utstyrt med en skovl-rører og eventuelt flenser. in the form of small droplets that are dispersed in water by mechanical stirring and in the presence of emulsifiers or dispersants, using fat-soluble polymerization initiators (suspension polymerization) or water-soluble polymerization initiators (emulsion polymerization). The polymerization is usually carried out discontinuously in reactors which have a steel boiler equipped with a paddle stirrer and possibly flanges.
I disse teknikker for konvensjonell polymerisasjon, og mer spesielt i suspensjonspolymerisasjon, dannes det faste avset-ninger av polymer, gjerne kalt "kruste", som henger godt fast på reaktorens indre overflater (kjeler, rørere og flenser) under polymerisasjonen. Dette fenomen betegnes vanligvis "krustedannelse". In these techniques for conventional polymerisation, and more particularly in suspension polymerisation, solid deposits of polymer, often called "scum", are formed which adhere firmly to the inner surfaces of the reactor (boilers, stirrers and flanges) during the polymerisation. This phenomenon is usually termed "crusting".
Krustedannelse er meget ufordelaktig. Krusten som dekker kjelens indre reduserer faktisk den varmemengde som det er mulig å fjerne ved hjelp av varmeoverføringsvæsken som sirkulerer i den dobbelte kappe som reaktorene vanligvis er utstyrt med. Som resultat av dette reduseres produktiviteten fordi det er nødvendig å bruke lavere polymersasjonshastigheter enn hvis det ikke var noen krustedannelse. Crust formation is very disadvantageous. The crust covering the interior of the boiler actually reduces the amount of heat that can be removed by means of the heat transfer fluid circulating in the double jacket with which the reactors are usually equipped. As a result, productivity is reduced because it is necessary to use lower polymerization rates than if there were no encrustation.
Videre hender det ofte at krusten under polymerisasjonen delvis faller av og forurenser den oppnådde polymer, som så inneholder usmeltbare noduler som stammer fra krusten og som vanligvis betegnes "fiske-øyne". Furthermore, it often happens that during polymerization the crust partially falls off and contaminates the resulting polymer, which then contains infusible nodules originating from the crust and which are usually termed "fish eyes".
Endelig gjør krustedannelsen, som alltid finner sted irregulært, det vanskelig å utføre og regulere polymerisasjons-cyklusen. Finally, crust formation, which always takes place irregularly, makes it difficult to carry out and regulate the polymerization cycle.
Det skal innrømmes at det er vanlig å'rense de innvendige overflater i reaktorene etter hver polymerisasjons-cyklus. Denne rensing utføres ofte manuelt, men det foreligger også mer komplekse teknikker som gjør bruk av varme løsningsmidler eller innretninger som sprøyter vannstråler med høy hastighet. Denne rensing er imidlertid alltid en arbeidsom operasjon som krever kostbart manuelt arbeid, kraft og materiale, noe som gjør polymerisasjons-reaktoren uvirksom i lang tid. It must be admitted that it is common to clean the internal surfaces of the reactors after each polymerization cycle. This cleaning is often carried out manually, but there are also more complex techniques that make use of hot solvents or devices that spray jets of water at high speed. However, this cleaning is always a laborious operation that requires expensive manual work, power and material, which renders the polymerization reactor inactive for a long time.
Av denne grunn er det gjort forsøk på å hindre krustedannelse ved å tilsette forskjellige additiver til polymerisasjonsblandingen som har en hindrende virkning på krustedannelsen. I BRD-off.skrift 2.518.260 er det foreslått å bruke oksalsyre eller et oksalsyresalt for dette formål. For this reason, attempts have been made to prevent crust formation by adding various additives to the polymerization mixture which have an inhibiting effect on crust formation. In BRD-off.skrift 2,518,260 it is proposed to use oxalic acid or an oxalic acid salt for this purpose.
Den hindrende virkning av oksalsyre og dens salter på krustedannelse er imidlertid ikke fullstendig. Derfor muliggjør ikke denne inhibitor at det utføres meget lange serier av polymerisasjons-cykluser uten mellomliggende rensing. However, the preventive effect of oxalic acid and its salts on crust formation is not complete. Therefore, this inhibitor does not enable very long series of polymerization cycles to be carried out without intermediate cleaning.
Det er nå funnet en ny klasse inhibitorer mot krustedannelse som er helt effektiv og som ikke oppviser noen uheldig bivirkning. A new class of inhibitors against crust formation has now been found which is completely effective and which does not exhibit any adverse side effects.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører således en fremgangsmåte for diskontinuerlig polymerisering av vinylklorid, i en reaktor i vandig suspensjon under anvendelse av oljeløselige initiatorer for radikalpolymerisasjon i nærvær av en inhibitor mot krustedannelse, og fremgangsmåten er karakterisert ved at polymerisasjonsblandingen tilsettes en inhibitor mot krustedannelse som er valgt blant anioner av vinsyre og sitronsyre, i en mengde av minst 1 ppm og mindre enn 200 ppm i forhold til det vann som foreligger i polymerisasjonsblandingen. The invention thus relates to a method for discontinuous polymerization of vinyl chloride, in a reactor in aqueous suspension using oil-soluble initiators for radical polymerization in the presence of an inhibitor against crust formation, and the method is characterized in that an inhibitor against crust formation is added to the polymerization mixture which is selected from anions of tartaric acid and citric acid, in an amount of at least 1 ppm and less than 200 ppm in relation to the water present in the polymerization mixture.
Som inhibitor mot krustedannelse foretrekkes spesielt anioner som oppnås fra vinsyre. Disse anioner kan oppnås uten hensyn til alle de optiske varieteter av vinsyre. Anionene kan således dannes fra høyredreiends vinsyre (d-vin- eller L(+)-vinsyre), venstre-dreiende vinsyre (1-vin- eller D(-)-vinsyre), meso-vinsyre, som er optisk inaktiv ved indre kommpensasjon, eller racemisk vinsyre (dl-vinsyre). Fordelaktig anvendes naturlig vinsyre (d-vin- eller L(+)-vinsyre). As an inhibitor against crust formation, anions obtained from tartaric acid are particularly preferred. These anions can be obtained regardless of all the optical varieties of tartaric acid. The anions can thus be formed from right-handed tartaric acid (d-tartaric or L(+)-tartaric acid), left-handed tartaric acid (1-tartaric or D(-)-tartaric acid), meso-tartaric acid, which is optically inactive by internal compensation , or racemic tartaric acid (dl-tartaric acid). Natural tartaric acid (d-tartaric or L(+)-tartaric acid) is advantageously used.
Anionene kan anvendes ved fremgangsmåten ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse i form av enhver forbindelse som er vannløselig og som dissosierer i vann slik at de ovenfor definerte anioner dannes. Spesielt kan anionene genereres fra de tilsvarende organiske hydroksykarboksylsyrer og deres salter. Blant disse foretrekkes jordalkalimetallsaltene og enda mer alkalimetallsaltene, f.eks. kalium- eller natriumsaltene. Når det anvendes salter, er The anions can be used in the method according to the present invention in the form of any compound which is water-soluble and which dissociates in water so that the anions defined above are formed. In particular, the anions can be generated from the corresponding organic hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts. Among these, the alkaline earth metal salts and even more the alkali metal salts, e.g. the potassium or sodium salts. When salts are used,
det tilrådelig å velge salter hvis kationer ikke har noen uheldig virkning på polymerisasjonsreaksjonen og egenskapene til polyme- it is advisable to choose salts whose cations have no adverse effect on the polymerization reaction and the properties of the polymer
ren. De beste resultater oppnås imidlertid ved å utgå fra den organiske hydroksykarboksylsyre selv. pure. However, the best results are obtained by starting from the organic hydroxycarboxylic acid itself.
Med polymerisering menes her både homopolymerisering av vinyl og kopolymerisering. Som eksempler på sistnevnte kan nevnes kopolymerisering med vinylestere som f.eks. vinylacetat, akryl-estere som f.eks. metylakrylat og glycidyl-metakrylat, umettede nitriler som f.eks. akrylnitril og metakrylnitril, umettede diestere som f.eks. dibutylmaleat, allylestere som f.eks. allyl-acetat, umettede amider som f.eks. akrylamid, derivater av styren og a-olefiner som f.eks. etylen og propylen. By polymerization is meant here both homopolymerization of vinyl and copolymerization. As examples of the latter, copolymerization with vinyl esters such as e.g. vinyl acetate, acrylic esters such as methyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, unsaturated diesters such as e.g. dibutyl maleate, allyl esters such as e.g. allyl acetate, unsaturated amides such as acrylamide, derivatives of styrene and α-olefins such as ethylene and propylene.
Oppfinnelsen anvendes imidlertid fortrinnsvis ved fremstilling av polymerer som i molekylet inneholder minst 50, og mer spesielt minst 80, mol% av enheter oppnådd fra vinylkloridmonomerer. However, the invention is preferably used in the production of polymers which in the molecule contain at least 50, and more particularly at least 80, mol% of units obtained from vinyl chloride monomers.
Oppfinnelsen kan anvendes både ved fremstilling av sta-tistiske kopolymerer og ved fremstilling av blokk- eller pode-kopolymerer. The invention can be used both in the production of statistical copolymers and in the production of block or graft copolymers.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan anvendes i alle polymerisasjonsteknikker hvor halogenholdige vinylmonomerer dispergeres i form av små dråper i en flytende, vandig fase. Spesielt kan den brukes i vandig emulsjonspolymerisasjon. I dette tilfelle er det mulig å anvende ethvert emulgeringsmiddel og spesielt anio-niske emulgeringsmidler som f.eks. natriumbenzylsulfonat eller natriumdodecylbenzensulfonat, og ikke-ioniske emulgeringsmidler. The method according to the invention can be used in all polymerization techniques where halogen-containing vinyl monomers are dispersed in the form of small droplets in a liquid, aqueous phase. In particular, it can be used in aqueous emulsion polymerization. In this case, it is possible to use any emulsifier and especially anionic emulsifiers such as e.g. sodium benzylsulfonate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and nonionic emulsifiers.
Det er også mulig å anvende enhver vannløselig radikal-polymeri-sasjonsinitiator og spesielt persulfåtene. It is also possible to use any water-soluble radical polymerization initiator and especially the persulphates.
Problemet med krustedannelse oppstår spesielt akutt i polymerisasjonsteknikker i vandig suspensjon og i mikro-suspensjon, der det anvendes fettløselige polymerisasjonsinitiatorer. The problem of crust formation occurs particularly acutely in polymerization techniques in aqueous suspension and in micro-suspension, where fat-soluble polymerization initiators are used.
I suspensjonspolymerisasjon anvendes vanligvis konvensjonelle dispergeringsmidler som f.eks. fin-dispergerte faststof-fer, gelatiner, vannløselige cellulose-etere, syntetiske polymerer som f.eks. polyvinylpyrrolidon, og vinylacetat/maleinsyreanhydrid-kopolymerer, og deres blandinger. Det er også mulig å anvende overflateaktive midler samtidig med dispergeringsmidlene. Mengden av dispergeringsmidler som anvendes varierer vanligvis fra 0,5 til 1,5 vekt^i forhold til vannet. In suspension polymerization, conventional dispersants such as e.g. finely dispersed solids, gelatins, water-soluble cellulose ethers, synthetic polymers such as e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone, and vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride copolymers, and their mixtures. It is also possible to use surfactants at the same time as the dispersants. The amount of dispersants used usually varies from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight relative to the water.
I mikro-suspensjonspolymerisasjon, noen ganger også kalt polymerisasjon i homogenisert, vandig dispersjon, frembringes en emulsjon av små monomerdråper ved hjelp av kraftig mekanisk omrøring og vanligvis i nærvær av emulgeringsmidler av samme na-tur som dem som er nevnt ovenfor, og polymerisasjonen utføres ved hjelp av fettløselige initiatorer. In micro-suspension polymerization, sometimes also called polymerization in homogenized, aqueous dispersion, an emulsion of small monomer droplets is produced by means of vigorous mechanical stirring and usually in the presence of emulsifiers of the same nature as those mentioned above, and the polymerization is carried out by using fat-soluble initiators.
Enhver fettløselig initiator kan anvendes i suspensjons-eller mikrosuspensjons-polymerisasjon. Som eksempler kan nevnes peroksyder som f.eks. di-tertiært butylperoksyd, lauroylperoksyd og acetylcykloheksylsulfonylperoksyd, azoforbindelser som f.eks. azo-bis-isobutyronitril og azo-bis-2,4-dimetylvaleronitril, di-alkylperoksy-dikarbonater som f.eks. dietyl-, diisopropyl-, di-cykloheksyl- og di-tertiært butyl-cykloheksyl-peroksydikarbonat, og alkyl-borforbindelser. Vanligvis anvendes disse initiatorer i en mengde av 0,01 til 1 vekt% i forhold til monomerene. Any fat-soluble initiator can be used in suspension or microsuspension polymerization. Peroxides such as e.g. di-tertiary butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and acetylcyclohexylsulphonyl peroxide, azo compounds such as e.g. azo-bis-isobutyronitrile and azo-bis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, di-alkylperoxy-dicarbonates such as e.g. diethyl, diisopropyl, di-cyclohexyl and di-tertiary butyl cyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, and alkyl boron compounds. Usually these initiators are used in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by weight in relation to the monomers.
I tillegg til dispergeringsmidler eller emulgeringsmidler og initiatorer kan polymerisasjonsblandingen også innehol-de forskjellige additiver som vanligvis anvendes i konvensjonelle fremgangsmåter for polymerisasjon i vandig dispersjon. Som eksempler på slike kan det nevnes puffere, midler for regulering av diameteren til polymerpartiklene som f.eks. alkalimetallpoly-fosfater, molekylvektregulatorer, stabilisatorer, myknere, farve-stoffer så vel som forsterkningsmidler eller midler som gjør det lettere å behandle polymerene. Det er også mulig å blande andre inhibitorer mot krustedannelse i polymerisasjonsblandingen i tillegg til forbindelser som genererer anioner oppnådd fra hydroksyl-holdige , organiske karboksylsyrer. In addition to dispersants or emulsifiers and initiators, the polymerization mixture can also contain various additives that are usually used in conventional methods for polymerization in aqueous dispersion. As examples of such, mention can be made of buffers, means for regulating the diameter of the polymer particles such as e.g. alkali metal polyphosphates, molecular weight regulators, stabilizers, plasticizers, colorants as well as reinforcing agents or agents that make the polymers easier to process. It is also possible to mix other inhibitors against crust formation in the polymerization mixture in addition to compounds that generate anions obtained from hydroxyl-containing organic carboxylic acids.
Arbeidsbetingelsene for polymerisasjonsfremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen skiller seg ikke fra dem som vanligvis brukes. Temperaturen ligger vanligvis mellom 35 og 80°C. Det absolutte trykk er vanligvis mindre enn 15 kg/cm 2. Fremgangsmåtens pH er vanligvis på den sure side, eksempelvis mellom 2 og 7. Mengden av vann som anvendes er vanligvis slik at totalvekten av monomerene representerer 20 til 50 % av totalvekten av vannet og monomerene. The working conditions for the polymerization method according to the invention do not differ from those usually used. The temperature is usually between 35 and 80°C. The absolute pressure is usually less than 15 kg/cm 2 . The pH of the process is usually on the acidic side, for example between 2 and 7. The amount of water used is usually such that the total weight of the monomers represents 20 to 50% of the total weight of the water and the monomers.
Polymeriseringen av de halogenholdige vinylmonomerer utføres vanligvis diskontinuerlig i cykluser i hvilke vann først innføres, fulgt av de forskjellige bestanddeler i reaksjonsblandingen (dispergeringsmidler eller emulgeringsmidler, initiatorer, monomerer og liknende)„ Ifølge en foretrukket utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen innføres inhibitoren mot krustedannelse i polymeri-sas jonsblandingen før den halogenholdige vinylmonomer, og det oppnås best resultat dersom inhibitoren også innblandes før initiato-ren. For å gjøre dette er det tilstrekkelig å tilsette inhibitoren mot krustedannelse etter at vannet er tilsatt, eventuelt samtidig med dispergeringsmidlene eller emulgeringsmidlene. The polymerization of the halogen-containing vinyl monomers is usually carried out discontinuously in cycles in which water is first introduced, followed by the various components in the reaction mixture (dispersants or emulsifiers, initiators, monomers and the like) According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inhibitor against crust formation is introduced into the polymerization mixture before the halogen-containing vinyl monomer, and best results are achieved if the inhibitor is also mixed in before the initiator. To do this, it is sufficient to add the inhibitor against crust formation after the water has been added, possibly at the same time as the dispersants or emulsifiers.
Det er også mulig å innføre inhibitoren mot krustedannelse i polymerisasjonsblandingen i flere trinn under polymerisasjonen, eller kontinuerlig. It is also possible to introduce the inhibitor against crust formation into the polymerization mixture in several stages during the polymerization, or continuously.
For å starte polymerisasjonen oppvarmes polymerisasjonsblandingen, eksempelvis ved hjelp av en varmeoverføringsvæske som sirkulerer i den dobbelte kappe som reaktorene vanligvis er utstyrt med. Fortrinnsvis innføres inhibitoren mot krustedannelse i poly-merisas jonsblandingen før oppvarmingen starter. To start the polymerization, the polymerization mixture is heated, for example by means of a heat transfer fluid that circulates in the double jacket with which the reactors are usually equipped. The inhibitor against crust formation is preferably introduced into the polymerisation mixture before the heating starts.
Dersom polymerisasjonen utføres kontinuerlig, innføres fortrinnsvis også inhibitoren mot krustedannelse kontinuerlig i polymerisasjonsblandingen. If the polymerization is carried out continuously, the inhibitor against crust formation is also preferably introduced continuously into the polymerization mixture.
Mengden av inhibitor mot krustedannelse som skal anvendes kan variere meget, spesielt som en funksjon aj naturen av monomerene og av tilstanden til de indre overflater i de reaktorer som brukes. Det anvendes en mengde av inhibitor mot krustedannelse som er slik at polymerisasjonsblandingen inneholder minst 1 ppm derav i forholdtil vannet. Fortrinnsvis inneholder polymerisasjonsblandingen minst 5 ppm inhibitor i forhold til vannet. Best resultater oppnås dersom polymerisasjonsblandingen inneholder minst 10 ppm inhibitor mot krustedannelse i forhold til vannet. The amount of scale inhibitor to be used can vary greatly, especially as a function of the nature of the monomers and of the condition of the internal surfaces of the reactors used. An amount of inhibitor against crust formation is used which is such that the polymerization mixture contains at least 1 ppm thereof in relation to the water. Preferably, the polymerization mixture contains at least 5 ppm of inhibitor in relation to the water. Best results are achieved if the polymerization mixture contains at least 10 ppm of scale inhibitor in relation to the water.
Det er observert at en viss mengde av inhibitoren mot krustedannelse adsorberes på de indre metalloverflater i polymeri-sas jonsreaktorene . Av denne grunn foretrekkes det at polymerisasjonsblandingen inneholder en mengde av inhibitor mot krustedan-neise som minst er lik 1 mg pr. m 2 indre metalloverflateareale og fortrinnsvis minst 5 mg/m 2. Også av denne grunn kan en viss mengde inhibitor mot krustedannelse forbli adsorbert på de indre metalloverflater i reaktorene ved slutten av polymerisasjons-cyklusen og utøve sin virkning under den neste cyklus. Det er mulig å ta denne mengde med i beregningen og redusere den mengde som skal tilsettes i løpet av den neste cyklus. It has been observed that a certain amount of the inhibitor against crust formation is adsorbed on the inner metal surfaces in the polymerization ion reactors. For this reason, it is preferred that the polymerization mixture contains an amount of inhibitor against crustedan neisse which is at least equal to 1 mg per m 2 internal metal surface area and preferably at least 5 mg/m 2. Also for this reason, a certain amount of scale inhibitor can remain adsorbed on the internal metal surfaces in the reactors at the end of the polymerization cycle and exert its effect during the next cycle. It is possible to include this amount in the calculation and reduce the amount to be added during the next cycle.
Når fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen startes i en spesiell reaktor er det viktig først å rense den indre overfla- When the method according to the invention is started in a special reactor, it is important to first clean the inner surface
te spesielt omsorgsfullt. For å oppnå dette er det mulig å anvende spesielt effektive løsningsmidler for de polymerer som dan-ner krustene, å utføre en pyrolyse av veggene eller å utføre av-skalling eller til og med ompolering. tea especially carefully. To achieve this, it is possible to use particularly effective solvents for the polymers that form the crusts, to carry out a pyrolysis of the walls or to carry out peeling or even re-polishing.
Den nye klasse inhibitorer mot krustedannelse som anvendes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er bemerkelsesverdig effektiv. Kjente inhibitorer mot krustedannelse som er ansett for å være effektive, som f.eks. oksalsyre og dens salter, som er beskrevet i ovennevnte BRD-off.skrift 2.518.260, må anvendes i en mengde av ca. 50 ppm i forhold til vannet for at deres effekt i suspensjonshomopolymerisasjon av vinylklorid skal være markant. Inhibitorer mot krustedannelse ifølge oppfinnelsen er allerede fullt effektive når ca. 15 ppm i forhold til vann brukes. Videre omfatter de en lang rekke forbindelser som ikke oppviser noen ugunstig sekundærvirkning når det gjelder polymerens utseen-de, dens lukt, dens varme- og lysstabilitet og dens mulighet til å kunne brukes for pakning av næringsmidler. The new class of scale inhibitors used in the present invention is remarkably effective. Known inhibitors against crust formation which are considered to be effective, such as e.g. Oxalic acid and its salts, which are described in the above-mentioned BRD official publication 2,518,260, must be used in an amount of approx. 50 ppm in relation to the water for their effect in suspension homopolymerisation of vinyl chloride to be marked. Inhibitors against crust formation according to the invention are already fully effective when approx. 15 ppm in relation to water is used. Furthermore, they include a wide range of compounds that do not exhibit any adverse secondary effects in terms of the polymer's appearance, its smell, its heat and light stability and its possibility of being used for packaging foodstuffs.
polymerene som oppnås ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan brukes i alle vanlige anvendelser av denne produkttype og spesielt for fremstilling av slike artikler som f.eks. flasker eller profiler ifølge konvensjonelle teknikker ved f.eks. ekstru-derings-blåsing og ekstrudering. the polymers obtained according to the present invention can be used in all common applications of this product type and especially for the production of such articles as e.g. bottles or profiles according to conventional techniques by e.g. extrusion-blowing and extrusion.
De eksempler som følger, skal illustrere oppfinnelsen The examples that follow shall illustrate the invention
og på ingen måte begrense den. and in no way limit it.
Eksemplene 1, 2, 4 og 5 utføres ifølge oppfinnelsen. Eksempel 3(R) er et sammenligningseksempel. Examples 1, 2, 4 and 5 are carried out according to the invention. Example 3(R) is a comparative example.
EKSEMPLER 1 TIL 3(R) EXAMPLES 1 TO 3(R)
En laboratoriereaktor av rustfritt stål med kapasitet A stainless steel laboratory reactor with capacity
på 3 liter, utstyrt med en dobbelt kappe i hvilken en varmeover-føringsvæske flyter, og med en konvensjonell omrører av rustfritt stål brukes. Reaktorens indre overflater renses ved å vaske dem med tetrahydrofuran fulgt av pyrolyse som utføres ved å oppvarme veggen til 400°C i 30 minutter. Reaktoren avskalles så ved hjelp av et fluor-salpetersyrebad, hvoretter den skylles 5 ganger med avmineralisert vann. of 3 liters, equipped with a double jacket in which a heat transfer fluid flows, and with a conventional stainless steel stirrer is used. The inner surfaces of the reactor are cleaned by washing them with tetrahydrofuran followed by pyrolysis which is carried out by heating the wall to 400°C for 30 minutes. The reactor is then stripped using a fluorine-nitric acid bath, after which it is rinsed 5 times with demineralized water.
1500 g avmineralisert vann og 10 mg av en organisk karboksylsyre innføres etter hverandre i reaktoren. Deretter tilsettes 1,65 g polyvinylalkohol. Røreren startes. Så tilsettes 500 mg di-tert.-butylcykloheksyl-peroksydikarbonat i form av et pulver. Deretter underkastes reaktoren to ganger et vakuum (på 100 mm kvikksølv, absolutt trykk) og mellom de to operasjoner gjennomstrømmes reaktoren med teknisk rent nitrogen med et absolutt trykk på 1360 mm Hg. så tilsettes 1000 g vinylklorido <p>olymerisa-sjonsblandingen oppvarmes så til 61°C med en hastighet på 1°C pr. minutt. 1500 g of demineralized water and 10 mg of an organic carboxylic acid are introduced one after the other into the reactor. 1.65 g of polyvinyl alcohol is then added. The mixer is started. Then 500 mg of di-tert.-butylcyclohexyl-peroxydicarbonate are added in the form of a powder. The reactor is then subjected twice to a vacuum (at 100 mm of mercury, absolute pressure) and between the two operations, technically pure nitrogen is flowed through the reactor with an absolute pressure of 1360 mm Hg. then 1000 g of vinyl chloride are added, the polymerization mixture is then heated to 61°C at a rate of 1°C per minute.
Polymerisasjonsblandingen holdes ved 61°c under omrøring inntil det absolutte trykk faller til 3,5 kg/cm 2. <p>olymerisasjonen stanses så ved å avlaste trykket i reaktoren og fordampe det upoly-meriserte vinylkloridet. Blandingen avkjøles, og polymeren opp-samles ved filtrering fulgt av tørking. The polymerization mixture is kept at 61°c with stirring until the absolute pressure drops to 3.5 kg/cm 2. The polymerization is then stopped by relieving the pressure in the reactor and evaporating the unpolymerized vinyl chloride. The mixture is cooled and the polymer is collected by filtration followed by drying.
Tabell I nedenfor spesifiserer naturen til den anvendte organiske syre så vel som resultatet av inspeksjonen av de indre overflater i reaktoren ved slutten av polymerisasjonscyklusen. Table I below specifies the nature of the organic acid used as well as the result of the inspection of the internal surfaces of the reactor at the end of the polymerization cycle.
EKSEMPEL 4 EXAMPLE 4
1500 g avmineralisert vann, 10 mg L(+)-vinsyre og 10 mg kaliumjodid innføres i rekkefølge i en reaktor som er identisk med den som ble brukt i de foregående eksempler. så tilsettes 1,65 g polyvinylalkohol. Røreren startes. Så innføres 200 mg dietylperoksydikarbonat. Deretter utsettes reaktoren to ganger for et vakuum på 100 mm Hg (absolutt trykk), og mellom de to operasjoner gjennomstrømmes reaktoren med teknisk rent nitrogen ved et absolutt trykk på 1360 mm Hg. Så tilsettes 1000 g vinylklorid. <p>olymerisasjonsblandingen oppvarmes til 61°C med en hastighet av 1°C pr. minutt. 1500 g of demineralized water, 10 mg of L(+)-tartaric acid and 10 mg of potassium iodide are introduced in order into a reactor identical to that used in the preceding examples. then 1.65 g of polyvinyl alcohol is added. The mixer is started. Then 200 mg of diethylperoxydicarbonate is introduced. The reactor is then exposed twice to a vacuum of 100 mm Hg (absolute pressure), and between the two operations the reactor is flowed through with technically pure nitrogen at an absolute pressure of 1360 mm Hg. Then 1000 g of vinyl chloride is added. The polymerization mixture is heated to 61°C at a rate of 1°C per minute.
Polymerisasjonsblandingen holdes ved 61°C under omrøring inntil det absolutte trykk faller til 3,5 kg/cm 2. Polymerisasjonen stanses så ved å la trykket synke i reaktoren og fordampe det upoly-meriserte vinylkloridet. Blandingen avkjøles og polymeren oppsam-les ved filtrering fulgt av tørking. The polymerization mixture is kept at 61°C with stirring until the absolute pressure drops to 3.5 kg/cm 2 . The polymerization is then stopped by letting the pressure drop in the reactor and evaporating the unpolymerized vinyl chloride. The mixture is cooled and the polymer is collected by filtration followed by drying.
Inspeksjonen av reaktorens indre overflate etter poly-merisas jonen viser at den er fri for enhver kruste. The inspection of the inner surface of the reactor after polymerization shows that it is free of any scale.
Det var mulig å gjenta en lignende polymerisasjon tre ganger før det ble nødvendig med en grundig rensing av reaktoren. It was possible to repeat a similar polymerization three times before a thorough cleaning of the reactor became necessary.
EKSEMPEL 5 EXAMPLE 5
Dette eksempel tilsvarer på alle punkter eksempel 4, bortsett fra at det, før innføringen av polyvinylalkoholen, i rekkefølge tilsettes 10 mg L(+)-vinsyre, 10 mg kaliumjodid og 25 mg natriumpolymetafosfat (solgt under navnet "METAGON") til det avmineraliserte vannet. This example corresponds in all respects to example 4, except that, before the introduction of the polyvinyl alcohol, 10 mg of L(+)-tartaric acid, 10 mg of potassium iodide and 25 mg of sodium polymetaphosphate (sold under the name "METAGON") are added to the demineralized water in sequence .
Inspeksjon av reaktorens indre overflater etter poymeri-sasjonen viser at de igjen er fri for enhver kruste. Inspection of the reactor's internal surfaces after polymerization shows that they are again free of any crust.
Det var mulig å gjenta en lignende polymerisasjon 10 ganger før det var nødvendig med grundig rensning av reaktoren. It was possible to repeat a similar polymerization 10 times before thorough cleaning of the reactor was necessary.
Disse eksempler viser overlegenheten til inhibitorene These examples demonstrate the superiority of the inhibitors
mot krustedannelse ifølge oppfinnelsen, og mer spesielt overlegenheten til anionene oppnådd fra vinsyre sammenlignet med oksalsyre. against crust formation according to the invention, and more particularly the superiority of the anions obtained from tartaric acid compared to oxalic acid.
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DE2845569A1 (en) * | 1978-10-19 | 1980-04-30 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VINYL HALOGENIDHOMO AND COPOLYMERISATS |
DE2912571A1 (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1980-10-09 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR POLYMERIZING VINYL CHLORIDE |
DE3029907A1 (en) | 1980-08-07 | 1982-03-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | CONTINUOUS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMERISATE IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION |
IT1137506B (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1986-09-10 | Anic Spa | COMPOSITION FOR THE COATING OF THE WALLS OF THE REACTORS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT, INTENDED FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL COMPOUNDS, SUITABLE FOR AVOIDING OR REDUCING DEPOSITS AND INCROSTATIONS OF THE SAME EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR ITS USE |
DE3401158A1 (en) * | 1984-01-14 | 1985-07-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Process for the polymerisation of vinyl chloride |
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EP0805168B1 (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 2000-11-08 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Vinyl chloride polymer |
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SE7709855L (en) | 1978-03-07 |
FI62319C (en) | 1982-12-10 |
AU2849577A (en) | 1979-03-08 |
SE435629C (en) | 1986-05-26 |
IT1085020B (en) | 1985-05-28 |
LU75733A1 (en) | 1978-04-27 |
JPS5331788A (en) | 1978-03-25 |
NL185845B (en) | 1990-03-01 |
FR2363586A1 (en) | 1978-03-31 |
NO773062L (en) | 1978-03-07 |
ATA637877A (en) | 1980-05-15 |
AT360232B (en) | 1980-12-29 |
DE2739708A1 (en) | 1978-03-09 |
CA1116793A (en) | 1982-01-19 |
SE435629B (en) | 1984-10-08 |
NO150722C (en) | 1987-01-20 |
FI772603A (en) | 1978-03-07 |
CH623833A5 (en) | 1981-06-30 |
JPS6129966B2 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
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