NO150587B - Roerformet korrugert filterelement - Google Patents

Roerformet korrugert filterelement Download PDF

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Publication number
NO150587B
NO150587B NO783270A NO783270A NO150587B NO 150587 B NO150587 B NO 150587B NO 783270 A NO783270 A NO 783270A NO 783270 A NO783270 A NO 783270A NO 150587 B NO150587 B NO 150587B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
ether
propylene
polymerization
dihalide
catalyst
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NO783270A
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English (en)
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NO783270L (no
NO150587C (no
Inventor
David B Pall
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Pall Corp
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Publication of NO783270L publication Critical patent/NO783270L/no
Publication of NO150587B publication Critical patent/NO150587B/no
Publication of NO150587C publication Critical patent/NO150587C/no

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/111Making filtering elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D29/00Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/21Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5085Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and comprising grooves, e.g. being E-shaped, H-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612Making circumferential joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • B29C53/38Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B29C53/40Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4825Pressure sensitive adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835Heat curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72324General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of inorganic materials not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72322
    • B29C66/72326Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
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    • B29L2009/00Layered products
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/14Filters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte for stereospesifikk polymerisasjon av propylen.
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte
for stereospesifikk polymerisasjon av propylen. Ved «stereospesifikk polymerisasjon av propylen» som brukt i nærværende be-skrivelse, er å forstå homopolymerisasjon av propylen til et produkt med et høyt prosentinnhold av isotaktisk polypropylen, copolymerisasjon av propylen med så lite (i høyden 10 mol-pst.) av en eller flere andre monomere f. eks. ethylen, butylen-1, butadien og isopren, at vesentlig krystal-lint polymer oppnås, og også heteroblokk polymerisasjon av propylen med en eller flere andre monomere, f. eks. med de nevnt ovenfor, til heteroblokk polymere hvis po-lypropylensegmenter med innbefatning av segmentene (hvis noen) dannet av et an-net monomer eller andre monomere, er for største delen isotaktisk i strukturen.
Det er kjent at en katalysator som
inneholder fiolett titantriklorid og en tri-alkylaluminiumforbindelse eller et dialkyl-aluminium monohalogenid er meget egnet for bruk ved fremstilling av sterkt isotaktisk polypropylen. En katalysator som inneholder titantriklorid og et alkylaluminiumsesquihalogenid, d.v.s. en blanding av ekvimolekulare mengder av dialkylalumi-niummonohalogenid og monoalkylalumi-niumhalogenid gir en meget lavere poly-merisasjonshastighet og et betydelig lavere innhold av isotaktisk polypropylen. Dette kan forklares ved den kjennsgjerning at monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenidet opptrer som inhibitor ved polymerisasjonen, som det er kjent fra DAS Nr. 1 058 736. Følgelig
er det ikke overraskende at bare en kombinasjon av titantriklorid og et monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenid ikke innehar noen katalytisk aktivitet i det hele tatt.
I det belgiske patent 594 407 påvises det at aktiviteten og stereoegenskapen av en katalysator som består av titantriklorid og et alkylaluminiumsesquihalogenid kan økes ved tilsetning av organiske forbindelser, f. eks. aminer, ethere og thioethere, som kan binde halogenforbindelsen av det billige sesquisalogenid ved kompleksdan-nelse. Dette syn er opplagt basert på den iaktagelse at inhiberingseffekten av di-halogenidet er således motvirkende, med det resultat at den særegne katalytiske effekt bevares av monohalogenidet.
Dessuten er det kjent praksis ved polymerisasjonen av alkener utført ved hjelp av katalysatorer bestående av even-tuelt halogenerte hydrocarbonforbindelser av metallene fra den andre undergruppen eller den tredje hovedgruppen og halogenforbindelser av metallene fra fjerde, femte eller sjette undergruppe i det periodiske system, å tilsette også forbindelser som sammen med katalysatorbestanddelene, kan danne komplekser, f. eks. forbindelser som inneholder ethere, nitriler, acetaler, aminer, kvantære ammoniumsalter og hydroksylgrupper, og de kompleks-dannen-de forbindelser anvendes fortrinnsvis i mengder av 0,2—0,5 mol pr. mol, metall-hydrocarbonforbindelse (se belgisk patent-554 242). Som ved polymerisasjon av pro-v pylen anbefaler dette patent spesielt bruken av halogenfrie alkylaluminiumforbin-delser, og metodene beskriver i eksemplene bruken av vanadiumtetraklorid som halo-genid av transisjonsmetallet. Dette patent tar dessuten ikke sikte på fremstilling av isotaktisk polypropylen, men bare å redu-sere dannelsen av lavmolekulare cljeaktige produkter. Derfor antydes det ved ingen av midlene at det spesielle katalysator-system i overensstemmelse med oppfinnelsen beskrevet nedenfor, hvilken inneholder bare en gitt kombinasjon av en stor meng-de kombinasjoner av metallhydrocarbon-.forbindelser, halogenforbindelser av metallene fra 4-de, 5-te eller 6-te undergruppe og kompleksdannende forbindelser som er mulige i overensstemmelse med det belgiske patent, som skulle være særdeles egnet for stereospesifikk polymerisasjon av propylen.
Fremgangsmåten overensstemmende med oppfinnelsen som angår stereospesifikk polymerisasjon av propylen ved hjelp av en katalysator som inneholder en hydrocarbonforbindelse av et metall fra den andre undergruppe elller tredje hovedgruppe, i det periodiske system, fiolett titantriklorid og en kompleksdannende forbindelse, karakteriseres ved at det som hydrocarbonforbindelse anvendes et monoalkylaluminlumdihalogenid og som iiompleksdannende forbindelse en ether med formel R^-O-R^,, hvor R, representerer alkyl eller aralkyl og R, er et alkyl, aryl, aralkyl eller alkaryl, og at etheren og monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenidet brukes i et molart forhold lik 0,65—2,5:1.
Denne fremgangsmåte har den fordel at monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenidene som brukes er billigere og mindre brennbare enn trialkylalumiiniumforbindelsene og di-alkylaluminium-monohalogenidene.
Fremgangsmåten overensstemmende med oppfinnelsen kan utføres under be-tingelsen som normalt brukes for disse typer av polymerisasjonsreaksjoner. Temperaturen strekker seg fra 0 til 250°C og trykket fra 1 til 100 atm. eller høyere. Temperaturen på 30—100°C, fortrinnsvis 40— 80°C, og trykk under 20 atm., spesielt fra 1—12 atm. er foretrukket.
Polymerisasjonen utføres fortrinnsvis i et inert flytende dispergeringsmiddel. Eksempler på egnede dispergeringsmidler er mettede hydrocarboner, f. eks. hexan, heptan eller cyclohexan. Andre egnede dispergeringsmidler er f. eks. gasolen, kerosen og benzen.
Katalysatorene kan inneholde a, y eller S-modifikasjonene av fiolett titantriklorid, og også andre krystallin modifikasjo-ner, i hvilken også andre metallhalogeni-der f. eks. A1C1,,, kan være tilstede, om ønskes i fast oppløsning. Om ønskes kan titantriklorid fremstilles ved å la titan-tetraklorid reagere med et overskudd av monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenid ved en temperatur på f. eks. 20—120°C. Det behø-ver ikke å utvinnes fra reaksjonsblandingen, idet den sistnevnte etter å ha vært varmet, således, om ønskes, kan brukes som sådan. Helst et klorid, bromid eller jodid med et alkylradikal som inneholder 1—12 carbonatomer, brukes som monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenid. Ethere som brukes, kan være symetriske og asymet-riske alifatiske så vel som blandede alifatiske — aromatiske ethere. Eksempler på egnede ethere er diethylether, di-(n-bu-tyl)-ether, diisopropylether, diisoamylether, anisol og fenylethylether. Ethere som normalt inneholder 2—24 carbonatomer. Helst brukes alifatisk ethere da disse har den høyeste aktiviteten og den største ut-bytteprosent av isotaktisk polypropylen. Diisopropylether, di-n-butylether og diisoamylether gir i særdeleshet meget gode resultater.
Polymerisasjonen kan utføres på en av de kjente måtene f. eks. ved å føre inn pro-pylene ved den nødvendige temperatur og trykk i et inert flytende dispergeringsmiddel i hvilken katalysatoren i overensstemmelse med oppfinnelsen, allerede er tilstede, eller ved å mette dispergeringsmid-delet med propylen og så tilsette katalysatoren. Polymerisasjonen kan dessuten ut-føres som en sats-prosess, en halvkontinu-erlig eller en kontinuerlig prosess.
Det fiolette titantriklorid, monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenidet og etheren kan hver for seg føres inn i polymerisasjonsreaksjonen i hvilken rekkefølge som ønskes. Det er også mulig først å tilmåte to av de tre katalysatorkomponentenle, f. eks. titantriklorid og dihalogenldet, til disper-geringsmiddelet, tillate dem å reagere ved værelsetemperatur eller ved høyere temperaturer, f. eks. ved 40—100°C, og så føre inn monomeren og tilsette tilslutt den tredje komponenten. Under neaksjonen mellom de to første komponentene må disse være tilstede i en høyere konsentrasjon enn under polymerisasjonsreaksjonen. Dessuten kan de tre katalysatorkomponen-tene før de tilsettes polymerisasjonsreaktoren, tillates å reagere med hver av de andre i en viss tid. Denne reaksjon kan utføres ved værelsetemperatur, men også ved lavere eller høyere temperaturer, f. eks. ved de som brukes i polymerisasjonen. Fortrinnsvis utføres denne reaksjonen ved en konsentrasjon som er høyere enn den når katalysatoren er tilstede under polymerisasjonen. Med det resultat at fremstillingen av katalysatoren akselereres.
Konsentrasjonen av katalysator kom - ponentene under polymerisasjonen kan variere innen vide grenser. Som regel lig-ger konsentrasjonen av fiolett titantriklorid mellom 2 og 20 mmol pr. liter dispergeringsmiddel, mens det molare forhold mellom irionoalkylalumJiniumdihalogenid og fiolett titantriklorid vanligvis strekker seg fra 5:1 til 0,5:1. Det molare forhold ether : monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenid er fortrinnsvis 0,95—1,5 fordi aktiviteten av katalysatoren er størst i dette området. De gunstigste resultater oppnås med ekvimo-lare mengder av ether og monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenid. Dette er fordi at ved disse betingelser er aktiviteten adskillig større enn ved det nevnte forhold på ca. 0,9.
Ved bruk av metoden i overensstemmelse med oppfinnelsen, kan polymere som er overveiende isotaktisk ved en rekke tilfelle helt opp til 95 pst., oppnås fra propylen.
Eksempel 1.
I et 150 ml reaksjonskar som er forsynt med et rørverk og anbragt i en termostat, innføres under nitrogen 50 ml tørt oksygenfritt heptan. Deretter oppvarmes innholdet i karet til 50°C, og denne temperatur holdes vedlike gjennom hele eksperi-mentet. Etterat 4,6 mmol a-TiCl3 er tilsatt,
ledes propylenet gjennom reaksjonskar et
inntil nitrogenet er fortrengt av propylenet. Deretter tilsettes 4,6 mmol monoethylaluminiumdiklorid og 4,6 mmol di-(n-propyl) ether i rekkefølge. Etter det mates propylenet til reaksjonskaret i 5<i>/2 time og propylentrykket holdes ved ca. 1 atm. Reaksjonen stoppes ved å tilsette reaksjonsblandingen methanol og' 20 ml saltsyre, hvilket holdes ved 50°C i ennu en time. Reaksjonsblandingen skilles nå i to sjikt. Heptansjiktet som inneholder polymeret, vaskes med methanol og saltsyre og deretter tørkes det fullstendig ved avdampning. Polypropylenet som er tilbake som residu, tørkes og veies (2,4 g). For å bestemme innholdet av isotaktisk polypropylen, eks-traheres dette residiet på et dampbad med 100 ml hexan i 72 timer, 2,1 g produkt ble ikke løst ved denne behandlingen. Følgelig var prosentinnholdet av isotaktisk polypropylen 87 pst.
Ved å bruke samme fremgangsmåte ble en rekke eksperiment gjort i hvilke andre ethere ble tilsatt. Resultatene viser i tabell 1, som ved sammenligning, også omfatter et eksperiment hvor diethyl-alu-miniummonoklorid ble anvendt, uten tilsetning av en ether.
Eksempel 2.
I en 2 1 autoklav forsynt med et rør-verk, innføres 1 1 tørket heptan, deretter
tilsettes i rekkefølge 15 mmol diisopropylethen 15 mmol monoethylaluminiumdiklorid og 15 mmol diisopropylethen, 15 mmol
monoethylaluminiumdiklorid og 15 mmol
a-TiCl:) ved 50°C, og hele arbeidsprosessen
utføres uten tilførsel av luft. Deretter til-måtes tørt, oksygenfritt propylen til autoklaven, mens temperaturen i autoklaven
holdes ved 50°C og trykket ved 4 atm. ved
kontinuerlig tilførsel av propylen.
Etter 2 timer overføres den resulte-rende polymersuspensjon til et omrørings-kar i hvilket katalysatoren spaltes ved til-settning av methanol. Produktet behandles som beskrevet i eksempel 1. Det totale poly-propylenutbytte var 120 g og 116,5 g av det, dvs. 97 pst. var uoppløselig i kokende hexan. Tettheten av dette isotaktiske produkt var 0,907.
Eksempel 3.
Ved å følge fremgangsmåten skissert i eksempel 2, ble en rekke prøver utført ved en temperatur på 65°C og et trykk på 2,5 atm., i hvilke di-(n-butyl)ether ble brukt som ether, og konsentrasjonene av kataly-satorkomponentene ble variert. I en rekke eksperiment ble ethvert på forhånd satt til monoethylaluminiumdikloridet.
Denne blanding bringes senere i kon-takt med TiCl,t i polymerisasjonsreaktoren i fravær av propylen. TiCL, fremstilles ved reduksjon av TiCltl med aluminium. Resultatene som er oppnådd er samlet i tabell II.

Claims (3)

1. Fremgangsmåte ved stereospesifikk
polymerisasjon av propylen ved hjelp av en katalysator som inneholder en hydrocarbonforbindelse av et metall fra den andre undergruppe eller tredj e hovedgruppe i det periodiske system, fiolett titantriklorid og en kompleksdannende forbindelse, karakterisert ved at det som hydrocarbonforbindelse anvendes et monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenid og som kompleksdannende forbindelse en ether med formel Rj-O-Rr,, hvor R, representerer alkyl eller aralkyl og R2 er et alkyl, aryl, aralkyl eller alkaryl, og at etheren og monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenidet brukes i et molart forhold lik 0,65—2,5:1.
2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at etheren og monoalkylaluminiumdihalogenidet brukes i et molart forhold av 0,95—1,5:1, fortrinnsvis 1:1.
3. Fremgangsmåte ifølge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at det brukes di-isopropylenether, di-(n-butyl)ether eller diisoamylether.
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